scholarly journals A Dynamic Just-in-Time Component Delivery Framework for Off-Site Construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Tongguang Si ◽  
Hong Xian Li ◽  
Zhen Lei ◽  
Hexu Liu ◽  
SangHyeok Han
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Motivation To Change ◽  
General Contractor ◽  
Time Component ◽  
Delivery Date ◽  
Compensation Mechanisms ◽  
General Contractors ◽  
Demand Fluctuations ◽  
Original Component

Off-site construction entails various advantages compared with the traditional construction method; however, the fragmentation of the prefabrication and assembly results in a complex supply chain. Both general contractors and factories often encounter production deviation, making the original component delivery plan nonoptimal. Traditionally, both parties tend to rely on internal resources or third-party resources to manage schedule changes, paying little attention to the optimisation of the component delivery process. The static compensation mechanisms reported in existing literature require factories to manage demand fluctuations but fail to encourage general contractors to control schedule deviations. Therefore, a dynamic compensation mechanism is proposed to achieve just-in-time component delivery, with which a factory shares possible changes for each component’s delivery date to its clients on an inverse Kanban system. First, unfavourable changes for the factory schedule are allocated with surcharges, and the general contractor should compensate the factory if it accepts the date changes; secondly, schedule changes that are beneficial for the factory are assigned as incentives, and the general contractor receives the factory’s incentive upon agreeing to the changes. Based on these two scenarios, genetic algorithm-based optimisation models are developed to achieve optimal delivery planning solutions. General contractors can obtain an optimal component delivery date to reduce the additional cost when they have changed the assembly schedule. General contractors can also optimise their component delivery schedule to trade their duration flexibility for incentives offered by factories. The models can help both parties to reduce component delivery waste when either side has the motivation to change the original component delivery schedules.

scholarly journals Guided pattern mining for API misuse detection by change-based code analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Nielebock ◽  
Robert Heumüller ◽  
Kevin Michael Schott ◽  
Frank Ortmeier
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Mining ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Misuse Detection ◽  
Code Search ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Code Changes ◽  
Api Usage

AbstractLack of experience, inadequate documentation, and sub-optimal API design frequently cause developers to make mistakes when re-using third-party implementations. Such API misuses can result in unintended behavior, performance losses, or software crashes. Therefore, current research aims to automatically detect such misuses by comparing the way a developer used an API to previously inferred patterns of the correct API usage. While research has made significant progress, these techniques have not yet been adopted in practice. In part, this is due to the lack of a process capable of seamlessly integrating with software development processes. Particularly, existing approaches do not consider how to collect relevant source code samples from which to infer patterns. In fact, an inadequate collection can cause API usage pattern miners to infer irrelevant patterns which leads to false alarms instead of finding true API misuses. In this paper, we target this problem (a) by providing a method that increases the likelihood of finding relevant and true-positive patterns concerning a given set of code changes and agnostic to a concrete static, intra-procedural mining technique and (b) by introducing a concept for just-in-time API misuse detection which analyzes changes at the time of commit. Particularly, we introduce different, lightweight code search and filtering strategies and evaluate them on two real-world API misuse datasets to determine their usefulness in finding relevant intra-procedural API usage patterns. Our main results are (1) commit-based search with subsequent filtering effectively decreases the amount of code to be analyzed, (2) in particular method-level filtering is superior to file-level filtering, (3) project-internal and project-external code search find solutions for different types of misuses and thus are complementary, (4) incorporating prior knowledge of the misused API into the search has a negligible effect.

scholarly journals Development of a Methodological Base for Assessing the Validity of Choice of an Outsourcing Organization in JSC «Russian Railways»

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Irina Solskaya ◽  
Sergey Belomestnykh
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Party Organization ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Repair Technology ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
General Contractors ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Infrastructure Repair

The issues of methodological support of interaction between a large transport company and its general contractors are becoming more significant due to the increasing number of types of activities transferred to outsourcing. The article investigated the main methodological approaches that determine the procedure for justifying the choice of an outsourcing organization and the relevant methods applied in practice, in particular, an assessment of the methodological basis for judging the effectiveness of the choice of infrastructure repair workflow was carried out. The analysis of the methods for justifying the choice of a third-party organization, performing railway infrastructure repair work, made it possible to form the author's methodological approach to the choice of a repair technology and an organization to perform it best on outsourcing basis. The specifics of the object, namely, JSC «Russian Railways», which provides strategically important services for the economy, allows us to recommend the proposed author's methodological approach to justifying the choice of a third-party organization performing work for other transport companies.

scholarly journals Sistem Informasi Just in Time Berbasis Markerless Mobile Augmented Reality

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah 'Azzam
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Internet Connectivity ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Hotel Room ◽  
The Government ◽  
Search Information

<div><p><em>Information related to tourist attractions is needed by tourists. The information can be seen through brochures and internet that has been provided by the government, the manager of the object or by a third party. Information technology is very helpful in memeberikan information needed by tourists. Augmented Reality (AR) has many advantages that can make the information provided to users more effective and efficient. Among them is by using a markerless method that can extend the detection range of AR applications so that tourists can search information from all tourist objects just by doing the scanning process. Like just in time philosophy, AR applications can be used to get the information as needed. Both of the desired tourist attraction information and in terms of connectivity required. In this research has resulted AR application with markerless method that can detect tourist object like monument from several side. In addition AR applications are created to recognize different objects so there is no error in providing information. No internet connectivity is needed in the early detection process and can use internet connectivity when needed, such as when looking for hotel room availability information.</em></p></div>

A Learning-Based Optimization Approach for Autonomous Ridesharing Platforms with Service-Level Contracts and On-Demand Hiring of Idle Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breno A. Beirigo ◽  
Frederik Schulte ◽  
Rudy R. Negenborn
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Demand Fluctuations

Current mobility services cannot compete on equal terms with self-owned mobility products concerning service quality. Because of supply and demand imbalances, ridesharing users invariably experience delays, price surges, and rejections. Traditional approaches often fail to respond to demand fluctuations adequately because service levels are, to some extent, bounded by fleet size. With the emergence of autonomous vehicles, however, the characteristics of mobility services change and new opportunities to overcome the prevailing limitations arise. In this paper, we consider an autonomous ridesharing problem in which idle vehicles are hired on-demand in order to meet the service-level requirements of a heterogeneous user base. In the face of uncertain demand and idle vehicle supply, we propose a learning-based optimization approach that uses the dual variables of the underlying assignment problem to iteratively approximate the marginal value of vehicles at each time and location under different availability settings. These approximations are used in the objective function of the optimization problem to dispatch, rebalance, and occasionally hire idle third-party vehicles in a high-resolution transportation network of Manhattan, New York City. The results show that the proposed policy outperforms a reactive optimization approach in a variety of vehicle availability scenarios while hiring fewer vehicles. Moreover, we demonstrate that mobility services can offer strict service-level contracts to different user groups featuring both delay and rejection penalties.

Just-in-time component-wise power and thermal modeling

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Mohammad Faizur Rahman ◽  
Qing Yi ◽  
Houman Homayoun
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Modeling ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Time Component

Changing Patterns of Employment in Japan: Employee Transfers in the Private Sector

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma J. Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
English Language ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Regular Employment ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
The Right

Patterns of employment in Japan's large enterprises have undergone significant adjustment since the early 1980s. An ongoing and accelerating transformation is under way, where once the basis of regular employment was the recruitment of graduates, career-long identification in the enterprise and security in its stable internal labour market. The process reflects a Just In Time approach to managing human resources, which is designed to have 'the right workers, in the right quantity, in the right place and at the right time'. The approach is exemplified in Japan's private sector, although it is not confined to that sector; nor is it unique to Japan. This paper examines one of a variety of Just In Time strategies: the transfer of regular employees out of the firm that originally employed them. The study relies on the limited amount of English language literature on the phenomenon and the analysis also draws on recent research in Japan. It is argued that regular employees who are sent out by their employer to work under the total control of a third party are a special type of non-regular labour. It is also argued that the transferring practice, together with an increasing proportion of non-regular em ployment relationships, has significant implications for Japan's internal labour market structures and its enterprise-based unionism. The implications are relevant for industrial societies undergoing restructuring and for those rethinking their industrial relations situation.

scholarly journals Integration of Occupational Safety to Contractors` or Subcontractors` Performance Evaluation in Construction Projects

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Mária Kozlovská ◽  
Zuzana Struková
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
General Contractor ◽  
General Contractors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Several factors should be considered by the owner and general contractor in the process of contractors` and subcontractors` selection and evaluation. The paper reviews the recent models addressed to guide general contractors in subcontractors’ selection process and in evaluation of different contractors during the execution of the project. Moreover the paper suggests the impact of different contractors’ performance to the overall level of occupational health and safety culture at the sites. It deals with the factors influencing the safety performance of contractors during construction and analyses the methods for assessing the safety performance of construction contractors. The results of contractors’ safety performance evaluation could be a useful tool in motivating contractors to achieve better safety outcomes or could have effect on owners` or general contractors’ decision making about contractors suitability for future contracting works.

scholarly journals DEVELOPING BIM-ASSISTED AS-BUILT SCHEDULE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR GENERAL CONTRACTORS

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Ping Tserng ◽  
Shih-Ping Ho ◽  
Shu-Hui Jan
Keyword(s):  
Construction Project ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Project Control ◽  
Schedule Management ◽  
Management Platform ◽  
General Contractor ◽  
Study Results ◽  
General Contractors ◽  
Control And Management

Construction project control attempts to obtain real-time as-built schedule information and to eliminate project delays by effectively enhancing dynamic schedule control and management. Suitable platforms for enhancing an as-built schedule visually during the construction phase are necessary and important for general contractors. As the application of building information modeling (BIM) becomes more common, schedule management integrated with the BIM approach becomes essential to enhance visual construction management implementation for the general contractor during the construction phase. To enhance visualization of the updated as-built schedule for the general contractor, this study presents a novel system called the Construction BIM-assisted Schedule Management (ConBIM-SM) system for general contractors in Taiwan. The primary purpose of this study is to develop a web ConBIM-SM system for the general contractor to enhance visual as-built schedule information sharing and efficiency in tracking construction as-built schedule. Finally, the ConBIM-SM system is applied to a case study of a commerce building project in Taiwan to verify its efficacy and demonstrate its effectiveness during the construction phase. The advantages of the ConBIM-SM system lie in improved project control and management efficiency for general contractors, and in providing BIM-assisted as-built schedule tracking and management, to access the most current as-built schedule information through a web browser. The case study results show that the ConBIM-SM system is an effective visual as-built schedule management platform integrated with the BIM approach for general contractors in a construction project.

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