Changing Patterns of Employment in Japan: Employee Transfers in the Private Sector

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma J. Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
English Language ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Regular Employment ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
The Right

Patterns of employment in Japan's large enterprises have undergone significant adjustment since the early 1980s. An ongoing and accelerating transformation is under way, where once the basis of regular employment was the recruitment of graduates, career-long identification in the enterprise and security in its stable internal labour market. The process reflects a Just In Time approach to managing human resources, which is designed to have 'the right workers, in the right quantity, in the right place and at the right time'. The approach is exemplified in Japan's private sector, although it is not confined to that sector; nor is it unique to Japan. This paper examines one of a variety of Just In Time strategies: the transfer of regular employees out of the firm that originally employed them. The study relies on the limited amount of English language literature on the phenomenon and the analysis also draws on recent research in Japan. It is argued that regular employees who are sent out by their employer to work under the total control of a third party are a special type of non-regular labour. It is also argued that the transferring practice, together with an increasing proportion of non-regular em ployment relationships, has significant implications for Japan's internal labour market structures and its enterprise-based unionism. The implications are relevant for industrial societies undergoing restructuring and for those rethinking their industrial relations situation.

scholarly journals Political discourse, the media and campaign communications: a grounded theory analysis of how the 2011 General Election was manifested in unsigned editorials inThe Globe and Mail and The National Post

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Murray
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
English Language ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
General Election ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Media ◽  
Axial Coding ◽  
The Right

Traditionally, the Canadian political environment has been predicated on a left-right ideological split, with the Liberal Party of Canada (LPC) on the left and iterations of the Conservative Party of Canada (CPC) on the right (Cochrane, 2010). However, this changed after the 2011 General Election when the NDP won enough seats in Parliament (102, an increase of 65 seats from the last election) to form the Official Opposition. The LPC lost a drastic number of seats, from 77 seats to 34 seats (-43), reducing them to third party status in the House of Commons for the first time in history. This paper explores how this phenomenon was manifested in the media by analyzing unsigned editorials in two national English language Canadian newspapers, The Globe and Mail and The National Post, from April 20, 2011 to May 2, 2011. This time period was chosen to reflect the period between expressed public support for the NDP rose above support for the LPC and the end of the campaign on election day. To analyze this phenomenon, this paper uses grounded theory as the methodological framework. Grounded theory is a qualitative and explorative form of research that differs from other forms of qualitative research because the data collection phase and analysis phases of the project are conducted concurrently (Glaser, 1978; Glaser & Strauss, 1967; Strauss, 1987; Strauss & Corbin, 1990; Banks, et al., 2000; Schreiber, 2001; Lindlof & Taylor, 2002; Gibbs, 2007; Charmaz, 2000). This approach provides a flexible framework to explore new phenomena, free of preconceived ideas about findings (Strauss and Corbin, 1998). A series of coding phases - open coding, axial coding, notional coding - are used to identify patterns within the textual data and the observed patterns are used to form theories to explain the phenomenon. The analysis in this paper suggests that prior to the General Election outcome, the NDP emerged as a serious political contender to the CPC. This theory emerges from two patterns observed in the data centred around political discourse and campaign communications. The first observed pattern is how the editorials described each partyʼs leader using a narrative of leadership and capability. The CPC and NDP leaders, whose parties gained the most in the General Election, were described under the narrative of leadership and reflected this narrative in their campaign communications. The second observed pattern was the way certain issues were highlighted in the editorials as salient election issues. These issues - Quebec, healthcare, and the economy - were more closely related to the campaign communications from the NDP and the CPC than they were to the LPC.

Local politics and the local authority labour market

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-199
Author(s):  
Jill Walker
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Market Structures

The 1979 election heralded a new approach to public sector finance and employment. For local government, this has involved a new regulatory framework, which attempts to reproduce private sector financial and labour market structures. This article examines the effect of this new regulatory framework on the labour markets of three case study local authorities and the manner in which those effects have been mediated by local politics over the period 1979–1984

scholarly journals Political discourse, the media and campaign communications: a grounded theory analysis of how the 2011 General Election was manifested in unsigned editorials inThe Globe and Mail and The National Post

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Murray
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
English Language ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
General Election ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Media ◽  
Axial Coding ◽  
The Right

Traditionally, the Canadian political environment has been predicated on a left-right ideological split, with the Liberal Party of Canada (LPC) on the left and iterations of the Conservative Party of Canada (CPC) on the right (Cochrane, 2010). However, this changed after the 2011 General Election when the NDP won enough seats in Parliament (102, an increase of 65 seats from the last election) to form the Official Opposition. The LPC lost a drastic number of seats, from 77 seats to 34 seats (-43), reducing them to third party status in the House of Commons for the first time in history. This paper explores how this phenomenon was manifested in the media by analyzing unsigned editorials in two national English language Canadian newspapers, The Globe and Mail and The National Post, from April 20, 2011 to May 2, 2011. This time period was chosen to reflect the period between expressed public support for the NDP rose above support for the LPC and the end of the campaign on election day. To analyze this phenomenon, this paper uses grounded theory as the methodological framework. Grounded theory is a qualitative and explorative form of research that differs from other forms of qualitative research because the data collection phase and analysis phases of the project are conducted concurrently (Glaser, 1978; Glaser & Strauss, 1967; Strauss, 1987; Strauss & Corbin, 1990; Banks, et al., 2000; Schreiber, 2001; Lindlof & Taylor, 2002; Gibbs, 2007; Charmaz, 2000). This approach provides a flexible framework to explore new phenomena, free of preconceived ideas about findings (Strauss and Corbin, 1998). A series of coding phases - open coding, axial coding, notional coding - are used to identify patterns within the textual data and the observed patterns are used to form theories to explain the phenomenon. The analysis in this paper suggests that prior to the General Election outcome, the NDP emerged as a serious political contender to the CPC. This theory emerges from two patterns observed in the data centred around political discourse and campaign communications. The first observed pattern is how the editorials described each partyʼs leader using a narrative of leadership and capability. The CPC and NDP leaders, whose parties gained the most in the General Election, were described under the narrative of leadership and reflected this narrative in their campaign communications. The second observed pattern was the way certain issues were highlighted in the editorials as salient election issues. These issues - Quebec, healthcare, and the economy - were more closely related to the campaign communications from the NDP and the CPC than they were to the LPC.

scholarly journals Verkföll opinberra starfsmanna á Íslandi

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-268
Author(s):  
Gylfi Dalmann Aðalsteinsson
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Collective Agreement ◽  
The Public ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Industrial Conflict ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Right

Strikes are a key tool for workers to achieve their demands against their counterparties. The right to strike for workers in the private sector was incorporated in law in 1938. The situation was different for public sector employees in the 20th century regarding the right to strike, salaries were decided by law. According to law from 1915 public sector employees were not allowed to go on strike. In 1976 civil servants were granted the right to strike regarding the main collective agreement and majority of public sector employees were authorized by law the right to strikes in 1986. This study presents strikes of the public sector employees i.e. employees of the state and local government from the year 1977 and shed light on the main reasons for the strike activities in the public sector. Since 1977 there have been 1.974.699 days lost due to industrial conflict in Iceland, whereof 932.102 or 47,7% are because of public sector strikes. Therefore public sector employees in Iceland, who are only 20% of the active labour market constitutes for almost half of all days lost due to strikes in Iceland. To get a comparison between strike frequency between the public and private sector strike volume was calculated. The strike volume shows the number of lost working days per 1,000 employees. The paper brings into light the main explanatory factors of the high strike frequency among public sector employees and discusses ways that can reduce the industrial conflict in the public sector. Some relate to the laws and regulations, other concern the industrial relations between the parties as well as collective bargaining arrangements.

Promoting constructive social dialogue: Third party assistance in conflictive industrial relations

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Euwema ◽  
Patricia Elgoibar ◽  
Ana Belen Garcia ◽  
Aurelien Colson ◽  
Patricia Elgoibar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Social Dialogue

MODELS FOR DESCRIBING AND SUPPORTING AUTOMATED SYSTEM SCENARIOS

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
В.П. Хранилов ◽  
П.В. Мисевич ◽  
А.Э. Ермилов
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Frame Model ◽  
Information Logistics ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Mathematical Model

В статье представлены модели описания сценариев функционирования автоматизированных систем (АС). Вводится и анализируется категория "жизненный цикл сценариев АС". Наиболее важными этапами жизненного цикла сценария являются следующие: этап формирования событийного набора для формирования сценария, этап выполнения последовательности сценарных событий и этап ситуационного анализа внешней и внутренней среды события. В статье предложена математическая модель функционирования АС, которая используется для поддержки этапа выполнения последовательности сценарных событий и основана на принципе информационной логистики: каждый параметр (набор данных) находится в нужном месте в АС, "точно в срок" и в нужном формате. Для поддержки ситуационного анализа предлагается модифицированная фреймовая модель. Ситуационный анализ используется для разработки алгоритмов событий и определения следующего события в сценарии. Модифицированная фреймовая модель основана на использовании нечетких логических процедур в фреймовой сети. The paper presents models for describing the operating scenarios of automated systems. The authors introduce and analyze the category “the life cycle of automated system scenarios”. The life cycle consists of a sequence of stages. The leading success factor of any scenario is the support of the scenario during all stages of its life cycle. The most important stages of the scenario life cycle are the following: the stage of forming the event set for generating the scenario, the stage of performing the sequence of scenario events and the stage of situational analysis of the external and internal environment of the event. In the article it is proposed to use a theoretical set model in order to select an element from a set of alternatives. The elements are events for designing a scenario. The model uses fuzzy logic and is based on the process of controlling an array of parameters if variants are available. The model is used to support the stage of forming a set of events for generating the scenario. The mathematical model of automated system operation which is used to support the stage of performing the sequence of scenario events is suggested in the article. The model is based on the principle of information logistics: each parameter (a set of data) is in the right place in the automated system, ‘just-in-time’ and in the required format. A modified frame model is proposed to support situational analysis. The situational analysis is used to operate the event algorithms and to determine the next event in the scenario. The modified frame model is based on the use of fuzzy logic procedures in a frame network.

Systematic Government Access to Private-Sector Data in the United States I

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie K. Pell
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Threat Detection ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
September 11 Attacks ◽  
Access To Data ◽  
Sector Data

After the September 11 attacks, law enforcement's mission expanded to include, at times even prioritize, the general “prevention, deterrence and disruption” of terrorist attacks, which presumed a new emphasis upon threat detection and identification by analyzing patterns in larger, less specific bodies of information. Indeed, the unprecedented level of “third-party” possession of information inevitably makes the private sector the most reliable and comprehensive source of information available to law enforcement and intelligence agencies alike. This chapter explores the potential applications of systematic government access to data held by third-party private-sector intermediaries that would not be considered public information sources but, rather, data generated based on the role these intermediaries play in facilitating economic and business transactions (including personal business, such as buying groceries or staying at a hotel on vacation).

Relaxations of Contractual Privity and the Need for Third Party Rights in Chinese Contract Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Lei
Keyword(s):  
Direct Action ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Chinese Law ◽  
The Third ◽  
Right Of Action ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
The Right

This chapter examines the position of third party beneficiaries in Chinese law. Article 64 of the Chinese Contract Law states that where a contract for the benefit of a third party is breached, the debtor is liable to the creditor. The author regards this as leaving unanswered the question of whether the thirdparty has a right of direct action against the debtor. One view regards the third party as having the right to sue for the benefit although this right was ultimately excluded from the law. Another view, supported by the Supreme People’s Court, is that Article 64 does not provide a right of action for a third party and merely prescribes performance in ‘incidental’ third party contracts. The third view is that there is a third party right of action in cases of ‘genuine’ third party contracts but courts are unlikely to recognize a third party action where the contract merely purports to confer a benefit on the third party.

Formation of Contract and Third Parties in Cambodia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ly Tayseng
Keyword(s):  
Academic Writing ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Third Party ◽  
The Third ◽  
Contract Formation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Formal Requirements

This chapter gives an overview of the law on contract formation and third party beneficiaries in Cambodia. Much of the discussion is tentative since the new Cambodian Civil Code only entered into force from 21 December 2011 and there is little case law and academic writing fleshing out its provisions. The Code owes much to the Japanese Civil Code of 1898 and, like the latter, does not have a requirement of consideration and seldom imposes formal requirements but there are a few statutory exceptions from the principle of freedom from form. For a binding contract, the agreement of the parties is required and the offer must be made with the intention to create a legally binding obligation and becomes effective once it reaches the offeree. The new Code explicitly provides that the parties to the contract may agree to confer a right arising under the contract upon a third party. This right accrues directly from their agreement; it is not required that the third party declare its intention to accept the right.

Oncocytic Lipoadenoma: Report of 3 Rare Cases Involving the Parotid Gland, Including a Synchronous Presentation With Paraganglioma of the Right Carotid Bifurcation and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692110219
Author(s):  
John L.S. Cunha ◽  
Marco A. Peñalonzo ◽  
Ciro D. Soares ◽  
Bruno A.B. de Andrade ◽  
Mário J. Romañach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Salivary Gland Tumor ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
S 100 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Adequate Management ◽  
Adipose Cells

Oncocytic lipoadenoma (OL) is a rare salivary gland tumor characterized by the presence of oncocytic cells and mature adipose tissue. To date, only 30 cases of OL have been reported in the English-language literature. We present 3 additional OL cases involving the parotid, including a synchronous presentation with paraganglioma of the right carotid bifurcation. Microscopically, both the OLs were composed of a mixed population of oncocytes and adipocytes in varying proportions surrounded by a thin, connective tissue fibrous capsule. Oncocytes were positive for pan-cytokeratins (CKs) AE1/AE3, epithelial membrane antigen, CK5, CK7, CK14, CK18, and CK19. Calponin, p63, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and carcinoembryonic antigen were negative. Vimentin and S-100 protein were positive only in adipose cells. Despite distinctive morphologic features, OL is often misdiagnosed, given its rarity. We hope to contribute to surgeons’ and pathologists’ awareness and knowledge regarding the existence of this tumor and provide adequate management through conservative surgical excision.

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