scholarly journals Bovine Serum Albumin Antibodies as a Disease Marker for Hepatitis E Virus Infection

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medhat Haroun
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Disease Marker ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acute Hepatitis E

This report evaluates the significance of antibody/bovine serum albumin (BSA) interactions as a risk factor for the diagnosis of acute hepatitis E. Serum samples from 40 patients with acute hepatitis E and from 40 age/sex matched healthy adult subjects were tested for IgA, IgG, and IgM by ELISA and by turbidimetric assay. BSA was used as a target to characterize changes in levels of interacting immunoglobulins. Initial results obtained before removal of antibodies that interacted with BSA suggested that HEV patients had increased levels of IgM in their sera. It was found that normal individuals had mean IgA, IgG, and IgM levels of2.55mg/mL,9.80mg/mL, and1.73mg/mL, respectively while HEV patients had mean levels of2.66mg/mL,10.04mg/mL, and2.01mg/mL (P<.26,P<.32, andP<.0004). However, the mean level of IgM in HEV-infected sera after purification from antibodies that interacted with BSA was determined to be1.72mg/mL indicating that there was no significant difference in IgM level in HEV patients compared to normal individuals (P<.6). The presence of antibodies that interact with BSA might serve as a diagnostic tool for detection of high-risk patients.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E virus in Italy: molecular analysis of travel-related and autochthonous cases

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1617-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina La Rosa ◽  
Michele Muscillo ◽  
Valentina Spuri Vennarucci ◽  
Anna Rosa Garbuglia ◽  
Patrizia La Scala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
The Body ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Acute Hepatitis E

Human hepatitis E virus (HEV) is considered an emerging pathogen in industrialized countries. The aim of the present study was to contribute to the body of knowledge available on the molecular epidemiology of acute hepatitis E in Italy. Three sets of HEV-specific primers targeting the ORF1 and ORF2 were used to examine serum samples collected from acute hepatitis patients positive for anti-HEV IgG and/or IgM, between 2007 and 2010. Seventeen patients (39.5 %) tested HEV RNA-positive: 12 infections, due to genotype 1, were associated with travel to endemic areas (Bangladesh, India and Pakistan), while five infections, due to genotype 3, were presumably autochthonous. Risk factors identified in this group included exposure to raw seafood, pork liver sausages and wild boar. Results from the present study confirm that human HEV infection in Italy is caused by different genotypes, depending on whether the infection is travel-related or autochthonous.

Whole-body measurement of radioactivity as a means of following in vivo the degradation of I131-labeled proteins in mice

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (6) ◽  
pp. 1355-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geronimo Terres ◽  
W. L. Hughes ◽  
W. Wolins
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Body Measurement ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Secular Equilibrium

Mice were injected with I131-labeled human or bovine serum albumin and determinations made of the rate of loss of radioactivity a) from the whole body ( in vivo counting), b) from the blood (serum samples), and c) from the total trichloroacetic acid precipitable mouse proteins (following homogenization). Measurements by each method made more than 8 hours post-injection gave the same half life (14.5 ± 0.5 hr.) for I131 bovine serum albumin (I131 BSA) when the level of circulating iodide was sufficient to prevent thyroidal accumulation (I131 HSA had a half time of 21 hr.). The variations observed between the methods in the first 24 hours can be explained in terms of times required for the several compartments to reach secular equilibrium, and therefore whole-body measurements in vivo can be safely used to measure the rate of degradation of this protein when allowance for these factors is made.

A COST REDUCTIVE METHOD FOR THE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF PLASMA ANDROSTENEDIONE. A COMPARISON OF ANTISERA AND THE EFFECTS OF CHROMATOGRAPHY

1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Hennam ◽  
William P. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Assay Tube ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Process Effects ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Potential Use

ABSTRACT A method is described and evaluated for the determination of androstenedione (A) in peripheral venous plasma. The potential use of antisera to A-6-carboxymethyl thioether-bovine serum albumin and A-11α-succinyl-bovine serum albumin has been evaluated. The same plasma samples have been analysed before and after chromatography on a micro column of Sephadex LH-20. A dye, azobenzene is used to locate the fraction containing androstenedione. The results show that there is no significant difference in the values of apparent A using either antisera (overall mean 3.2 ng/ml plasma from men and 2.8 ng/ml from women). After chromatography these values are reduced by 62 and 42% respectively to 1.2 and 1.6 ng/100 ml. A new method using a mixture of ammonium and calcium sulphates is described for the separation of steroid bound to antibody. The precipitate is then resuspended and the amount of radioactivity determined, directly in the assay tube, by liquid scintillation counting. This process effects a 68 % reduction in the cost of the assay of each plasma sample.

scholarly journals A Valuable Antigen Detection Method for Diagnosis of Acute Hepatitis E

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 782-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui-Ping Wen ◽  
Zi-Min Tang ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Wen-Fang Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Acute Hepatitis E ◽  
Capture Antibody

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a serious public health problem. The commonly used tests that are specific for current HEV infection diagnosis include the detection of anti-HEV IgM and HEV RNA. Here, we report an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for HEV antigen detection with a linear range equivalent to 6.3 × 103to 9.2 × 105RNA copies per ml. The monoclonal antibody (MAb) 12F12, a high-ability MAb that binds HEV virus, was selected as the capture antibody from a panel of 95 MAbs. The positive period of HEV antigenemia in infected monkeys using this test was, on average, 3 weeks longer than previously reported and covered the majority of the acute phase. The positive detection rates of IgM, RNA, and new antigen from the first serum samples collected from 16 confirmed acute hepatitis E patients were 81% (13/16), 81% (13/16), and 100% (16/16), respectively. In three patients, the initial serum specimens that tested negative for IgM, despite the presence of symptoms of acute hepatitis and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, were positive for HEV antigen and HEV RNA. In contrast, the serum samples of the three RNA-negative patients were antigen positive (and IgM positive), possibly due to the degradation of HEV nucleic acids. Our results suggest that this new antigen detection method has acceptable concordance with RNA detection and could serve as an important tool for diagnosing acute hepatitis E.

Separation of serum prednisolone and prednisolone-21-hemisuccinate by extraction and their concurrent determination by radioimmunoassay.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1301-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Yanagibashi ◽  
A Mizuchi ◽  
H Yotsumoto ◽  
Y Miyachi
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Serum Samples

Abstract We describe a simple, sensitive, and reliable radioimmunoassay for prednisolone and prednisolone-21-hemisuccinate in serum. The antiserum produced in rabbits to prednisolone-21-hemisuccinate/bovine serum albumin was specific for prednisolone and prednisolone-21-hemisuccinate. A simple dichloromethane extraction permitted the separation of prednisolone from prednisolone-21-hemisuccinate in the serum samples. Interference by cortisol, although not insignificant, is minimized in this assay. We used the method to measure prednisolone and prednisolone-21-hemisuccinate concentrations after a bolus injection of prednisolone-21-hemisuccinate into human beings and mice.

Radioimmunoassay of osteocalcin with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies.

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1408-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Power ◽  
J P Gosling ◽  
P F Fottrell
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Assay Precision

Abstract We have developed and thoroughly validated radioimmunoassays (RIAs) for osteocalcin in plasma and serum, demonstrating independence of volume and determining the recovery of added standard and within- and between-assay precision. Antibodies were raised in rabbits and mice by immunization with either osteocalcin adsorbed to polyvinylpyrrolidone or osteocalcin conjugated to bovine serum albumin. In both species, use of the conjugated osteocalcin was more efficacious. Correlation of the results obtained when groups of plasma or serum samples were analyzed by RIAs with different antibodies (two polyclonal and one monoclonal) indicated that the normal range observed for osteocalcin concentrations in serum depends on the antibody used. These findings may account for the wide range of "normal" osteocalcin values reported by different groups.

scholarly journals Th1/Th2 Cells and Associated Cytokines in Acute Hepatitis E and Related Acute Liver Failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jian Wu ◽  
Yurong Guo ◽  
Xuan Lu ◽  
Fen Huang ◽  
Feifei Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Acute Liver Failure ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acute Hepatitis E ◽  
Ifn Γ

Background and Aims. The involvement of cellular immunity in the development of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is rare. We aimed to study the roles of viral load and Th cell responses in acute hepatitis E (AHE) and HEV-related acute liver failure (HEV-ALF). Methods. We evaluated viral load and Th1/Th2 cytokine levels in 34 patients with HEV infection, including 17 each with AHE or HEV-ALF. Seventeen healthy controls (HCs) were also included who were negative for anti-HEV IgM and IgG. Results. There was no significant difference in viral load and HEV RNA in the AHE and HEV-ALF groups (both P > 0.05 ). The Th lymphocyte levels (CD3+, CD4+) in the AHE and HEV-ALF groups were significantly higher than those in the HC group (both P < 0.05 ), but there was no significant difference between the AHE and HEV-ALF groups ( P > 0.05 ). Both IFN-γ and IL-10 showed gradual upward trend from the HC group to the AHE (both P < 0.01 ), but IFN-γ showed a sharp downward trend from the AHE group to the HEV-ALF group ( P < 0.01 ) and IL-4 showed gradual upward trend from the AHE group to the HEV-ALF group ( P < 0.01 ).There was no significant difference in Th1 and Th2 cytokines between the HEV RNA(+) group and HEV RNA(-) group (all P > 0.05 ). Th2 bias was observed from the AHE ( ratio = 58.65 ) to HEV-ALF ( ratio = 1.20 ) groups. The level of IFN-γ was associated with the outcome of HEV-ALF patients. Conclusions. HEV viral load was not associated with aggravation of AHE, and the HEV-ALF patients showed significant Th2 bias, which may be involved in the aggravation of AHE.

MC3T3-E1 Cell Response to Hydroxyapatite and Alpha-Type Alumina Adsorbed with Bovine Serum Albumin

2012 ◽  
Vol 529-530 ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumpei Hayashi ◽  
Kawashita Masakazu ◽  
Toshiki Miyazaki ◽  
Tada Aki Kudo ◽  
Hiroyasu Kanetaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coated Disc ◽  
Alpha Type ◽  
Cell Adhesion And Proliferation

MC3T3-E1 cell responses, such as cell adhesion and proliferation, to original and bovine serum albumin (BSA) coated disc (original-disc, BSA-disc) of hydroxyapatite (HA) or alpha-type alumina (α-Al2O3) was studied. There was no significant difference in the cell proliferation between BSA-discs and original-discs even after incubated for 14 days, but the cell number at day 14 tended to be higher (p = 0.054) on the BSA-discs of HA than on the original-discs of HA. Incidentally, the amount of adsorbed protein was higher on BSA-discs than on original-discs only until incubated in culture medium for 3 h. BSA adsorption might influence the MC3T3-E1 cell adhesion to HA, as a result the specific adsorption of albumin on HA is likely to affect the expression of the osteoconductivity of materials.

Improvement of an artificial test substrate technique for evaluation of em immunocytochemical labeling

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 762-763
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Artificial Substrate ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
As If

We recently described an artificial substrate system which could be used to optimize labeling parameters in EM immunocytochemistry (ICC). The system utilizes blocks of glutaraldehyde polymerized bovine serum albumin (BSA) into which an antigen is incorporated by a soaking procedure. The resulting antigen impregnated blocks can then be fixed and embedded as if they are pieces of tissue and the effects of fixation, embedding and other parameters on the ability of incorporated antigen to be immunocyto-chemically labeled can then be assessed. In developing this system further, we discovered that the BSA substrate can also be dried and then sectioned for immunolabeling with or without prior chemical fixation and without exposing the antigen to embedding reagents. The effects of fixation and embedding protocols can thus be evaluated separately.

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