scholarly journals Stress induced experimental colitis

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Stein ◽  
L. Keegan ◽  
L.-J. Auguste ◽  
B. Bailey ◽  
L. Wise
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cold Restraint

Stress induces chemical changes in the central nervous system which alters the biochemistry and physiology of the digestive tract. The present study determines arachidonic acid oxidation and damage in the colon following stress. Ten rats were stressed by the cold-restraint method; ten were controls. Stress induced 0.5 ± 0.7 (S.D.) mucosal erosions whereas controls had none. Subepithelial hemorrhage and erosions occurred only in the proximal two-thirds of the colon. Prostaglandin E2synthesis was increased after stress compared to the control (381 ± 130 vs. 1610 ± 372 ng/g/min). Leukotriene C4synthesis also increased after stress (4217 ± 994 vs. 11300 ± 1662 ng/g/min). Synthesis of prostaglandin E2increased (r = 0.9381) with leukotriene C4. The response of the colon to stress is less severe than that in the stomach and may be related to regional regulation of prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis.

scholarly journals Adiponectin Controls Nutrient Availability in Hypothalamic Astrocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1587
Author(s):  
Nuri Song ◽  
Da Yeon Jeong ◽  
Thai Hien Tu ◽  
Byong Seo Park ◽  
Hye Rim Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Adiponectin, an adipose tissue-derived hormone, plays integral roles in lipid and glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues, such as the skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver. Moreover, it has also been shown to have an impact on metabolic processes in the central nervous system. Astrocytes comprise the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system and actively participate in metabolic processes between blood vessels and neurons. However, the ability of adiponectin to control nutrient metabolism in astrocytes has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of adiponectin on multiple metabolic processes in hypothalamic astrocytes. Adiponectin enhanced glucose uptake, glycolytic processes and fatty acid oxidation in cultured primary hypothalamic astrocytes. In line with these findings, we also found that adiponectin treatment effectively enhanced synthesis and release of monocarboxylates. Overall, these data suggested that adiponectin triggers catabolic processes in astrocytes, thereby enhancing nutrient availability in the hypothalamus.

Rapid release of free arachidonic acid in the central nervous system due to stimulation

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás G. Bazán ◽  
Marta I. Aveldño de Caldironi ◽  
Elena B. Rodríguez de Turco
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Rapid Release ◽  
Free Arachidonic Acid ◽  
The Central Nervous System

RET-protooncogene variants in patients with sporadic neoplasms of the digestive tract and the central nervous system

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 835-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Rückert ◽  
Heike Görgens ◽  
Ines Richter ◽  
Dietmar Krex ◽  
Gabriele Schackert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Ret Protooncogene ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Arachidonic Acid Derivatives and Neuroinflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Era Gorica ◽  
Vincenzo Calderone
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Derivatives

: Neuroinflammation is characterized by dysregulated inflammatory responses localized within the brain and spinal cord. Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the onset of several neurodegenerative disorders and is considered a typical feature of these disorders. Microglia perform primary immune surveillance and macrophage-like activities within the central nervous system. Activated microglia are predominant players in the central nervous system response to damage related to stroke, trauma, and infection. Moreover, microglial activation per se leads to a proinflammatory response and oxidative stress. During the release of cytokines and chemokines, cyclooxygenases and phospholipase A2 are stimulated. Elevated levels of these compounds play a significant role in immune cell recruitment into the brain. Cyclic phospholipase A2 plays a fundamental role in the production of prostaglandins by releasing arachidonic acid. In turn, arachidonic acid is biotransformed through different routes into several mediators that are endowed with pivotal roles in the regulation of inflammatory processes. Some experimental models of neuroinflammation exhibit an increase in cyclic phospholipase A2, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins such as prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin D2, or prostacyclin. However, findings on the role of the prostacyclin receptors have revealed that their signalling suppresses Th2-mediated inflammatory responses. In addition, other in vitro evidence suggests that prostaglandin E2 may inhibit the production of some inflammatory cytokines, attenuating inflammatory events such as mast cell degranulation or inflammatory leukotriene production. Based on these conflicting experimental data, the role of arachidonic acid derivatives in neuroinflammation remains a challenging issue.

scholarly journals Preservation of nautilid soft parts inside and outside the conch interpreted as central nervous system, eyes, and renal concrements from the Lebanese Cenomanian

2021 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Klug ◽  
Alexander Pohle ◽  
Rosemarie Roth ◽  
René Hoffmann ◽  
Ryoji Wani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Chamber ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Anatomical Detail

AbstractNautilid, coleoid and ammonite cephalopods preserving jaws and soft tissue remains are moderately common in the extremely fossiliferous Konservat-Lagerstätte of the Hadjoula, Haqel and Sahel Aalma region, Lebanon. We assume that hundreds of cephalopod fossils from this region with soft-tissues lie in collections worldwide. Here, we describe two specimens of Syrionautilus libanoticus (Cymatoceratidae, Nautilida, Cephalopoda) from the Cenomanian of Hadjoula. Both specimens preserve soft parts, but only one shows an imprint of the conch. The specimen without conch displays a lot of anatomical detail. We homologise the fossilised structures as remains of the digestive tract, the central nervous system, the eyes, and the mantle. Small phosphatic structures in the middle of the body chamber of the specimen with conch are tentatively interpreted as renal concrements (uroliths). The absence of any trace of arms and the hood of the specimen lacking its conch is tentatively interpreted as an indication that this is another leftover fall (pabulite), where a predator lost parts of its prey. Other interpretations such as incomplete scavenging are also conceivable.

Arachidonic acid as a messenger in the central nervous system

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Attwell ◽  
Barbara Miller ◽  
Monique Sarantis
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
The Central Nervous System
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