scholarly journals Enhanced In vitro and In vivo Cytotoxicity of Combined Reovirus and Radiotherapy

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 912-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Twigger ◽  
Laura Vidal ◽  
Christine L. White ◽  
Johann S. De Bono ◽  
Shreerang Bhide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Cytotoxicity

scholarly journals Advanced Functional Materials Based on Nanocellulose for Pharmaceutical/Medical Applications

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1125
Author(s):  
Raluca Nicu ◽  
Florin Ciolacu ◽  
Diana E. Ciolacu
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Bacterial Nanocellulose ◽  
Green Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Vivo Cytotoxicity

Nanocelluloses (NCs), with their remarkable characteristics, have proven to be one of the most promising “green” materials of our times and have received special attention from researchers in nanomaterials. A diversity of new functional materials with a wide range of biomedical applications has been designed based on the most desirable properties of NCs, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and their special physicochemical properties. In this context and under the pressure of rapid development of this field, it is imperative to synthesize the successes and the new requirements in a comprehensive review. The first part of this work provides a brief review of the characteristics of the NCs (cellulose nanocrystals—CNC, cellulose nanofibrils—CNF, and bacterial nanocellulose—BNC), as well as of the main functional materials based on NCs (hydrogels, nanogels, and nanocomposites). The second part presents an extensive review of research over the past five years on promising pharmaceutical and medical applications of nanocellulose-based materials, which have been discussed in three important areas: drug-delivery systems, materials for wound-healing applications, as well as tissue engineering. Finally, an in-depth assessment of the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of NCs-based materials, as well as the challenges related to their biodegradability, is performed.

Repurposing celecoxib analogues as leads for antibiotics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baowei Yang ◽  
Yicheng Mei ◽  
Qianhui Li ◽  
Mengyuan Zhang ◽  
Huiling Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Mild Improvement ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assessment ◽  
Improvement In Survival ◽  
In Vivo Cytotoxicity ◽  
Further Development

There is an urgent need for new antibiotics and alternative strategies to combat bacterial pathogens. Molecular docking, antibacterial evaluation in vitro and in vivo, cytotoxicity assessment and enzyme inhibition analyses were performed. Compound 12 exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 4 μg/ml), various clinically isolated strains of MRSA (MIC: 4–16 μg/ml) and Acinetobacter baumannii (MIC: 4 μg/ml) when combined with subinhibitory concentrations of colistin B. Compound 12 (20 mg/kg) yielded mild improvement in survival of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected mice. Additionally, enzyme inhibition tests showed that compound 12 exhibited inhibitory effects against S. aureus dihydrofolate reductase (105.1 μg/ml) and DNA gyrase (122.8 μg/ml). Compound 12 is a promising antibacterial candidate for further development.

scholarly journals Prediction of in Vivo Cytotoxicity of Chemotherapeutic Agents by Their Effect on Malignant Leukocytes in Vitro

Blood ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN J. CLINE
Keyword(s):  
Test System ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
In Vivo Cytotoxicity

Abstract In order to develop a test system for predicting the response to chemotherapeutic agents, leukocytes from patients with leukemia and leukolymphosarcoma were cultured in vitro and the effect of several drugs on the incorporation of H3-uridine into ribonucleic acid was measured. Cortisol, vincristine and cytosine arabinoside at concentrations near the therapeutic range produced inhibition of H3-uridine incorporation in sensitive leukocytes. The in vitro effects of 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate were variable. In 39 trials on 25 patients with leukemia or lymphosarcoma, the in vitro test was used successfully to predict the response to treatment with prednisone and vincristine. It was concluded that the in vitro test system can predict the in vivo cytotoxicity of certain drugs for malignant cells, although it cannot be used to predict the likelihood of the induction of remissions with these drugs.

scholarly journals Mycotoxins: Biotransformation and Bioavailability Assessment Using Caco-2 Cell Monolayer

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Van Nguyen Tran ◽  
Jitka Viktorová ◽  
Tomáš Ruml
Keyword(s):  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Transport ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
In Vivo Cytotoxicity

The determination of mycotoxins content in food is not sufficient for the prediction of their potential in vivo cytotoxicity because it does not reflect their bioavailability and mutual interactions within complex matrices, which may significantly alter the toxic effects. Moreover, many mycotoxins undergo biotransformation and metabolization during the intestinal absorption process. Biotransformation is predominantly the conversion of mycotoxins meditated by cytochrome P450 and other enzymes. This should transform the toxins to nontoxic metabolites but it may possibly result in unexpectedly high toxicity. Therefore, the verification of biotransformation and bioavailability provides valuable information to correctly interpret occurrence data and biomonitoring results. Among all of the methods available, the in vitro models using monolayer formed by epithelial cells from the human colon (Caco-2 cell) have been extensively used for evaluating the permeability, bioavailability, intestinal transport, and metabolism of toxic and biologically active compounds. Here, the strengths and limitations of both in vivo and in vitro techniques used to determine bioavailability are reviewed, along with current detailed data about biotransformation of mycotoxins. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of mycotoxin effects is also discussed regarding the disorder of intestinal barrier integrity induced by mycotoxins.

scholarly journals Hyperthermia-Induced Controlled Local Anesthesia Administration Using Gelatin-Coated Iron–Gold Alloy Nanoparticles

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1097
Author(s):  
Chien-Kun Ting ◽  
Udesh Dhawan ◽  
Ching-Li Tseng ◽  
Cihun-Siyong Alex Gong ◽  
Wai-Ching Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Gold Alloy ◽  
Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Alloy Nanoparticles ◽  
Anesthetic Drug ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
In Vivo Cytotoxicity ◽  
High Frequency Induction

The lack of optimal methods employing nanoparticles to administer local anesthesia often results in posing severe risks such as non-biocompatibility, in vivo cytotoxicity, and drug overdose to patients. Here, we employed magnetic field-induced hyperthermia to achieve localized anesthesia. We synthesized iron–gold alloy nanoparticles (FeAu Nps), conjugated an anesthetic drug, Lidocaine, and coated the product with gelatin to increase the biocompatibility, resulting in a FeAu@Gelatin–Lidocaine nano-complex formation. The biocompatibility of this drug–nanoparticle conjugate was evaluated in vitro, and its ability to trigger local anesthesia was also evaluated in vivo. Upon exposure to high-frequency induction waves (HFIW), 7.2 ± 2.8 nm sized superparamagnetic nanoparticles generated heat, which dissociated the gelatin coating, thereby triggering Lidocaine release. MTT assay revealed that 82% of cells were viable at 5 mg/mL concentration of Lidocaine, indicating that no significant cytotoxicity was induced. In vivo experiments revealed that unless stimulated with HFIW, Lidocaine was not released from the FeAu@Gelatin–Lidocaine complex. In a proof-of-concept experiment, an intramuscular injection of FeAu@Gelatin–Lidocaine complex was administered to the rat posterior leg, which upon HFIW stimulation triggered an anesthetic effect to the injected muscle. Based on our findings, the FeAu@Gelatin–Lidocaine complex can deliver hyperthermia-induced controlled anesthetic drug release and serve as an ideal candidate for site-specific anesthesia administration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document