RNA expression profiling of normal and tumor cells following photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid–induced protoporphyrin IX in vitro

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is an amino acid derivative and a precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). The photophysical feature of PpIX is clinically used in photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). These clinical applications are potentially based on in vitro cell culture experiments. Thus, conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro 5-ALA PDT experiments is meaningful and may provide opportunities to consider future perspectives in this field. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed to summarize the in vitro 5-ALA PDT experiments and calculated the effectiveness of 5-ALA PDT for several cancer cell types. In total, 412 articles were identified, and 77 were extracted based on our inclusion criteria. The calculated effectiveness of 5-ALA PDT was statistically analyzed, which revealed a tendency of cancer-classification-dependent sensitivity to 5-ALA PDT, and stomach cancer was significantly more sensitive to 5-ALA PDT compared with cancers of different origins. Based on our analysis, we suggest a standardized in vitro experimental protocol for 5-ALA PDT.

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Relative messenger RNA expression profiling of collagenases and aggrecanases in human articular chondrocytes in vivo and in vitro

Arthritis & Rheumatism ◽

10.1002/art.10531 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 46 (10) ◽

pp. 2648-2657 ◽

Cited By ~ 262

Author(s):

Brigitte Bau ◽

Pia M. Gebhard ◽

Jochen Haag ◽

Thomas Knorr ◽

Eckart Bartnik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Expression Profiling ◽

Messenger Rna ◽

Articular Chondrocytes ◽

Human Articular Chondrocytes ◽

Rna Expression ◽

Rna Expression Profiling

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RNA expression profiling in sulfamethoxazole-treated patients with a range of in vitro lymphocyte cytotoxicity phenotypes

Pharmacology Research & Perspectives ◽

10.1002/prp2.388 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. e00388 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jennifer M. Reinhart ◽

Warren Rose ◽

Daniel J. Panyard ◽

Michael A. Newton ◽

Tyler K. Liebenstein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Expression Profiling ◽

Rna Expression ◽

Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity ◽

Rna Expression Profiling

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A vehicle for photodynamic therapy of skin cancer: influence of dimethylsulphoxide on 5-aminolevulinic acid in vitro cutaneous permeation and in vivo protoporphyrin IX accumulation determined by confocal microscopy

Journal of Controlled Release ◽

10.1016/s0168-3659(99)00213-8 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 359-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

Fernanda Scarmato De Rosa ◽

Juliana Maldonado Marchetti ◽

José Antônio Thomazini ◽

Antônio Cláudio Tedesco ◽

Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Confocal Microscopy ◽

Aminolevulinic Acid ◽

Protoporphyrin Ix

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Antimalarial Drugs Enhance the Cytotoxicity of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Based Photodynamic Therapy against the Mammary Tumor Cells of Mice In Vitro

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24213891 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (21) ◽

pp. 3891 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tomohiro Osaki ◽

Kiwamu Takahashi ◽

Masahiro Ishizuka ◽

Tohru Tanaka ◽

Yoshiharu Okamoto

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Mammary Tumor ◽

Aminolevulinic Acid ◽

Annexin V ◽

Resistant Cell ◽

Mammary Tumor Cells ◽

Radiation Resistant

Artemisinin and its derivatives, including artesunate (ART) and artemether (ARM), exert anticancer effects in the micromolar range in drug and radiation-resistant cell lines. Artemisinin has been reported to sensitize cervical cancer cells to radiotherapy. In the present study, we determined whether ART and ARM could enhance the cytotoxicity of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) against the mammary tumor cells of mice. The corrected PpIX fluorescence intensities in the control, 5-ALA, 5-ALA + ART, and 5-ALA + ARM groups were 3.385 ± 3.730, 165.7 ± 33.45, 139.0 ± 52.77, and 165.4 ± 51.10 a.u., respectively. At light doses of 3 and 5 J/cm2, the viability of 5-ALA-PDT-treated cells significantly decreased with ART (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01) and ARM treatment (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01). Besides, the number of annexin V-FITC and ethidium homodimer III-positive cells was greater in the 5-ALA-PDT with ARM group than that in the other groups. N-acetylcysteine could not significantly inhibit the percentages of apoptotic cells or inviable cells induced by 5-ALA-PDT with ARM. These reactive oxygen species-independent mechanisms might enhance cytotoxicity in 5-ALA-PDT with ARM-treated tumor cells, suggesting that the use of 5-ALA-PDT with ARM could be a new strategy to enhance PDT cytotoxicity against tumor cells. However, as these results are only based on in vitro studies, further in vivo investigations are required.

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In vitro and in vivo matrix metalloproteinase expression after photodynamic therapy with a liposomal formulation of aminolevulinic acid and its methyl ester

Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters ◽

10.2478/s11658-010-0033-1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Beata Osiecka ◽

Kamil Jurczyszyn ◽

Krzysztof Symonowicz ◽

Andrzej Bronowicz ◽

Paweł Ostasiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Aminolevulinic Acid ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Single Cells ◽

Liposomal Formulation ◽

Tumor Bearing

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well-known method for the treatment of malignant tumors, and its principles have been well established over the past 30 years. This therapy involves the application of a chemical called a photosensitizer and its subsequent excitation with light at the appropriate wavelength and energy. Topical photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is an alternative therapy for many malignant processes, including nonmelanoma skin cancers such as basal-cell carcinoma (BCC). Our novel approach for this study was to use a liposomal formulation of 5-ALA and its methyl ester (commercially available as metvix) both in vitro and in vivo, and to check whether the liposome-entrapped precursors of photosensitizers can induce the expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs) in animal tumor cells and in other tissues from tumor-bearing rats and in selected cell lines in vitro. We also checked whether the application of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) has any effect on MMPs in the above-mentioned experimental models, and if they can cause complete inhibition of MMP expression. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that after the PDT, the intensity of expression of MMPs in healthy animals was very low and seen in single cells only. After the PDT in tumor-bearing rats, MMP-3 was expressed in the tumor cells with the highest intensity of staining in the tissues directly adjacent to the tumors, while MMP-2 and -9 were not found. In the control groups, there was no observed expression of MMPs. In vitro studies showed that MMP-3 was expressed in MCF-7 cells after PDT, but MMP-9 was not observed and MMP-2 was only seen in single cases. Our studies confirmed that the application of an MMP-3 inhibitor may block an induction of MMP-3 expression which had previously been initiated by PDT. The preliminary data obtained from cancer patients revealed that new precursors are effective in terms of PDT, and that using MMP inhibitors should be considered as a potential enhancing factor in clinical PDT.

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Targeted Photodynamic Therapy Using Alloyed Nanoparticle-Conjugated 5-Aminolevulinic Acid for Breast Cancer

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13091375 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1375

Author(s):

Hanieh Montaseri ◽

Cherie Ann Kruger ◽

Heidi Abrahamse

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Electrostatic Interactions ◽

Breast Cancer Cells ◽

Bimetallic Nanoparticles ◽

Aminolevulinic Acid ◽

Protoporphyrin Ix ◽

Mcf 7

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been investigated as an effective, non-invasive, and alternative tumor-ablative therapy that uses photosensitizers (PSs) and safe irradiation light in the presence of oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill malignant cancer cells. However, the off-target activation of the PSs can hinder effective PDT. Therefore, an advanced drug delivery system is required to selectively deliver the PS to the therapeutic region only and reduce off-target side effects in cancer treatment. The integration of laser-initiated PDT with nanotechnology has provided new opportunities in cancer therapy. In this study, plasmonic bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared for the targeted PDT (TPDT) of in vitro cultured MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The NPs were functionalized with PEG through Au–thiol linkage to enhance their biocompatibility and subsequently attached to the PS precursor 5-aminolevulinic acid via electrostatic interactions. In order to enhance specific targeting, anti-HER-2 antibodies (Ab) were decorated onto the surface of the nanoconjugate (NC) to fabricate a 5-ALA/Au–Ag-PEG-Ab NC. In vitro studies showed that the synthesized NC can enter MCF-7 cells and localize in the cytoplasm to metabolize 5-ALA to protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Upon light irradiation, PpIX can efficiently produce ROS for the PDT treatment of MCF-7. Cellular viability studies showed a decrease from 49.8% ± 5.6 ** to 13.8% ± 2.0 *** for free 5-ALA versus the NC, respectively, under equivalent concentrations of the PS (0.5 mM, IC50). These results suggest that the active targeted NC platform has an improved PDT effect on MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

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