Whole-Saliva Fluoride Levels and Saturation Indices in 65+ Elderly during Use of Four Different Toothpaste Regimens

Background: Elderly individuals suffering from subnormal saliva secretion combined with inadequate oral hygiene may develop rampant caries and caries in parts of the dentition not normally affected by caries if preventive measures are not undertaken. Such measures include elevating fluoride levels at the saliva/biofilm/tooth interface. Aim: To analyse whole-saliva fluoride levels and mineral saturation indices during different fluoride toothpaste regimens in home-living elderly. Materials and Methods: Whole saliva was collected from 27 subjects (7 males and 20 females, mean age 73.5 ± 6.1 years) at ten time points covering the whole day during five 2-week periods. During the first period, participants used their normal toothpaste without instructions (baseline). This was followed by TP1: 1,450-ppm NaF toothpaste; TP2: 1,450-ppm monofluorophosphate (MFP) toothpaste with addition of calcium; TP3: 5,000-ppm NaF toothpaste, and TP4: the same toothpaste with additional ‘smearing' of toothpaste on the teeth, twice daily. During TP1-TP4, the participants were instructed to brush 3 times per day using 1.5 g of toothpaste without rinsing. Results: Salivary fluoride levels increased with toothpaste fluoride content (p < 0.001), although major interindividual and intraindividual variations were observed. The highest fluoride values appeared in the morning and at night (p < 0.001). Saturation indices for calcium fluoride were affected by the fluoride content in pastes (p < 0.05). Concerning hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite, indices were highest with the MFP toothpaste and extra calcium (NS to p < 0.05). Conclusions: Use of a high-fluoride toothpaste resulted in significantly increased fluoride levels in whole saliva and mineral saturation indices were indeed influenced by choice of toothpaste.

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Circadian rhythms of S-IgA and cortisol in whole saliva —Compensatory mechanism of oral immune system for nocturnal fall of saliva secretion—

Pediatric Dental Journal ◽

10.1016/s0917-2394(04)70017-8 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 115-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Tetsuo Shirakawa ◽

Masato Mitome ◽

Haruhisa Oguchi

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Circadian Rhythms ◽

Compensatory Mechanism ◽

Saliva Secretion ◽

Whole Saliva

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Teleconferencing: An Avenue for College Coursework in Nursing Home Settings

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development ◽

10.2190/xr0n-rhy9-n0dd-xyj4 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 201-210

Author(s):

Jan L. Stanley-Muchow ◽

Betty Y. Poe

Keyword(s):

Nursing Home ◽

Sense Of Self ◽

Nursing Home Residents ◽

Research Information ◽

Elderly Individuals ◽

Home Life ◽

College Course ◽

Home Living ◽

Future Work

With increasing numbers of elderly individuals facing nursing home living, interest in programs addressing the experienced quality of life in these residences has increased. Educational programs have been identified as one way to improve the experience of nursing home life. Concurrently, technology has developed rapidly and provides new avenues for service delivery. This article describes the use of a growing technology, teleconferencing, to provide a college course to elderly nursing home residents. Students' responses to the course are presented using five individual illustrations, and implications for programs and research are discussed. Preliminary findings are reported and related to three areas: the potential effectiveness of courses offered via teleconferencing to nursing home residents, the importance of nursing home programs which foster residents' sense of self, and a type of research information which appears fruitful for future work in this area.

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High Fluoride Content of Teeth from Communities with Low Fluoride Water Supplies

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/4.3.246 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 246-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

JAMES H. SHAW ◽

OM P. GUPTA ◽

MARGARET E. MEYER

Keyword(s):

Fluoride Content ◽

Water Supplies ◽

High Fluoride

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Salivary Gland Dysfunction in Stroke Patients Is Associated with Increased Protein Glycoxidation and Nitrosative Stress

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2020/6619439 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Mateusz Maciejczyk ◽

Piotr Gerreth ◽

Anna Zalewska ◽

Katarzyna Hojan ◽

Karolina Gerreth

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Salivary Gland ◽

Nitrosative Stress ◽

Salivary Secretion ◽

Protein Glycation ◽

Control Group ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Saliva Secretion ◽

Whole Saliva ◽

Salivary Gland Hypofunction

Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. Despite intensive medical care, many of the complaints directly threatening the patient’s life marginalize their dental needs after the stroke. Recent studies indicate reduced saliva secretion in stroke patients in addition to the increased incidence of caries and periodontal disease. Since oxidative stress plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of salivary gland hypofunction and neurodegenerative disorders (including stroke), this is the first to evaluate the relationship between salivary gland activity and protein glycoxidation and nitrosative damage. The content of glycation and protein oxidation products and nitrosative stress was assessed in nonstimulated (NWS) and stimulated (SWS) whole saliva of stroke patients with normal salivary secretion and hyposalivation (reduced saliva production). The study included 30 patients in the stroke’s subacute phase and 30 healthy controls matched by age and sex. We have shown that stroke patients with hyposalivation show increased contents of protein glycation (↑Amadori products and ↑advanced glycation end products), glycoxidation (↑dityrosine), and nitration (↑nitrotyrosine) products compared to stroke cases with normal salivary secretion and control group. Interestingly, higher oxidative/nitrosative stress was found in NWS, which strongly correlates with salivary flow rate, total protein content, and salivary amylase activity. Such relationships were not observed in the control group. Summarizing, oxidative and nitrosative stress may be one of the mechanisms responsible for the impairment of saliva secretion in stroke patients. However, extraglandular sources of salivary oxidative stress in stroke patients cannot be excluded. Further studies to assess salivary gland hypofunction in stroke cases are necessary.

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Biomarkers for the Assessment of Fluoride Exposure in Children

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000504166 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 134-143

Author(s):

Oladipo S. Idowu ◽

Ralph M. Duckworth ◽

Ruth A. Valentine ◽

Fatemeh Vida Zohoori

Keyword(s):

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Dental Fluorosis ◽

Fluoride Concentration ◽

Strong Correlations ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Validated Questionnaires ◽

Fluoride Exposure ◽

Fluoride Intake ◽

Whole Saliva ◽

High Fluoride

Due to practical difficulties in quantifying fluoride exposure, the ability of various biomarkers to predict exposure has been investigated previously. However, the results are inadequate for validation of their application and usefulness. This study aimed to investigate the association between contemporary/recent biomarkers of fluoride exposure and total daily fluoride intake (TDFI) of children with large differences in fluoride exposure through drinking water. TDFI was assessed in 61 healthy 4- to 5-year-old children who provided at least 1 biomarker sample; 32 lived in a low-fluoride area (0.04 mg F/L) and 29 lived in a high-fluoride area (3.05 mg F/L). Validated questionnaires were administered to evaluate fluoride intake from diets (including water) and toothpaste ingestion. Daily urinary fluoride excretion (UFE) and fluoride concentrations in plasma, fasting whole saliva, hair, and nails (toenails/fingernails) were evaluated and related to total fluoride exposure. TDFI, UFE, and fluoride concentrations of biomarkers were statistically significantly higher in the high-fluoride area than in the low-fluoride area. There was a strong statistically significant positive correlation between TDFI and UFE (ρ = 0.756, p < 0.001); plasma fluoride concentration (ρ = 0.770, p < 0.001); and toenail fluoride concentration (ρ = 0.604, p < 0.001). The statistically significant positive correlation between TDFI and fingernail fluoride concentration (ρ = 470, p < 0.001) as well as between TDFI and fasting whole saliva fluoride concentration (ρ = 0.453, p = 0.001) was moderate, whereas it was weak between TDFI and hair fluoride concentration (ρ = 0.306, p = 0.027). In conclusion, the current study confirmed the suitability of 24-h urine samples for estimating fluoride exposure in children. The strong correlations between TDFI and fluoride in plasma and toenails also suggest these biomarkers may be considered for health risk assessments of fluoride in children who are susceptible to development of dental fluorosis.

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