Serum Myostatin Levels Are Higher in Fitter, More Active, and Non-Frail Long-Term Nursing Home Residents and Increase after a Physical Exercise Intervention

Gerontology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haritz Arrieta ◽  
Gotzone Hervás ◽  
Chloe Rezola-Pardo ◽  
Fátima Ruiz-Litago ◽  
Miren Iturburu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Activity Level

Background: Myostatin has been proposed as a candidate biomarker for frailty and sarcopenia. However, the relationship of myostatin with these conditions remains inconclusive. Objective: To determine the association of serum myostatin concentration with body composition, physical fitness, physical activity level, and frailty in long-term nursing home residents. We also aimed to ascertain the effect of an exercise program on myostatin levels. Methods: We obtained study data on 112 participants from long-term nursing homes. Participants were randomly assigned to a control or an intervention group and performed a 6-month multicomponent exercise program. Serum myostatin levels were analyzed by ELISA. Assessments also included body composition (anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance), physical fitness (Senior Fitness Test), physical activity level (accelerometry), and frailty (Fried frailty criteria, Clinical Frailty Scale, and Tilburg frailty indicator). Results: The concentration of myostatin at baseline was positively correlated with: a leaner body composition (p < 0.05), and a higher number of steps per day and light and moderate-vigorous physical activity in women (p < 0.005); greater upper and lower limb strength, endurance, and poorer flexibility (p < 0.05) in men; and better performance (less time) in the 8-ft timed up-and-go test in both women (p < 0.01) and men (p < 0.005). We observed higher concentrations of serum myostatin in non-frail than in frail participants (p < 0.05). Additionally, we found that the implemented physical exercise intervention, which was effective to improve physical fitness, increased myostatin concentration in men (p < 0.05) but not in women. The improvements in physical condition were related with increases in serum myostatin only in men (p < 0.05–0.01). Conclusions: Higher serum levels of myostatin were found to be associated with better physical fitness. The improvements in physical fitness after the intervention were positively related to increases in myostatin concentrations in men. These results seem to rule out the idea that high serum myostatin levels are indicative of frailty in long-term nursing home residents. However, although the direction of association was opposite to that expected for the function of myostatin, the use of this protein as a biomarker for physical fitness, rather than frailty, merits further study.

Long-Term Effects of Individually Tailored Physical Training and Activity on Physical Function, Well-Being and Cognition in Scandinavian Nursing Home Residents: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Gerontology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 571-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Frändin ◽  
Helena Grönstedt ◽  
Jorunn L. Helbostad ◽  
Astrid Bergland ◽  
Mette Andresen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Physical Functions

Background: The preservation of physical functions such as muscle strength, balance and mobility is fundamental to maintaining independence in activities of daily living (ADL). The physical activity level of most nursing home residents is very low, which implies that they are often subject to a decline in health, mobility, autonomy and social contacts and are also at risk of suffering a decline in mental well-being. In a previous study, we demonstrated that transfers, balance and physical activity level improved after 3 months of individually tailored intervention in nursing home residents. Objective: To evaluate the long-term effects on ADL, balance function, physical activity level, physical performance, falls-related self-efficacy, well-being and cognitive function 3 months after the completion of our intervention in nursing home residents. Methods: The study was a multicenter randomized, controlled clinical trial with a parallel-group design. It was conducted in nursing homes in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, with an intervention period lasting 3 months and a follow-up at 6 months. Initially, 322 nursing home residents with a mean age of 85 years were included; 85 from Sweden, 171 from Norway and 66 from Denmark. Of these, 241 [129 intervention group (IG), 112 control group (CG)] were eligible for the 6-month follow-up tests. The level of dependence in ADL, physical activity level, several dimensions of physical function, well-being, falls-related self-efficacy and cognitive function were assessed with reliable and valid instruments at baseline, immediately after 3 months of intervention and 3 months later at the 6-month follow-up. Results: After 3 months of intervention and an additional period of 3 months without intervention, only the following 2 variables demonstrated significant group differences: social and cognitive function, measured by the Functional Independence Measure n-r, where the IG deteriorated while the CG was almost stable. However, regarding transfers, the IG deteriorated significantly less than the CG. Conclusion: Without supervised physical exercise that challenged the individuals' capability, gains in ADL function, balance and transfer ability deteriorated during the 3 months following the intervention period. Thus, continuous, individually adjusted and supported physical activity seems crucial for the maintenance of physical functions in these vulnerable elderly persons.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Daily Fitness Test in Nursing Home Residents and Community-Dwelling Residents Elderly Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-415
Author(s):  
Min-Hwa Suk ◽  
Hee-Seung Jang ◽  
Jin-Wook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Fitness Test

PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to compare the daily fitness tests of nursing home residents and community-dwelling elderly women after 16 weeks program.METHODS:Thirty elderly women living in a nursing home (n=14) or community (n=16) participated in the study. The program was assigned 1 hour twice a week for 16 weeks to improve the physical activity for the elderly women. The daily fitness test assessed the physical fitness levels for elderly. The tests performed the 2-min step test, chair stand test, arm curl test, chair sit and reach test, backscratch test, 244-cm up and go test.RESULTS:A result of the study show that the daily physical fitness of the elderly women living in the community is higher than those living in nursing homes. After the program which induced physical activity, 2-min step test (<i>p</i><.05) and 244-cm up and go test (<i>p</i><.05) were much improved in the elderly living in nursing homes.CONCLUSIONS:Although the daily fitness of nursing home residents was lower than community-dwelling residents, there was a significant improvement after exercise program.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Physical Activity Level With Body Composition And Physical Fitness Of Students From Ilhabela, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 914
Author(s):  
José Matheus O. Estivaleti ◽  
Carolina Gonzalez ◽  
Tatiane Figueiredo ◽  
Maurício dos Santos ◽  
Luís Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Activity Level

scholarly journals Nutritional Requirements During Training for Special Operation Forces – An Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Rietjens ◽  
Guy Plasqui ◽  
Deafvon A.M.S.W. Frenken ◽  
Jasper Most
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Test Body ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background: Responses to exercise training can vary greatly between individuals. For special operation forces, low responses to training can hamper performance. In this study, we objectively measured strength and fitness during special operation forces training, and assessed potential determinants of the training response. Methods: Twenty subjects were enrolled, and measurements were taken before and after a 9-week training program. Muscular strength was measured as one-repetition-maximum on four instruments, and physical fitness by the Cooper-test. Body composition was measured using deuterium dilution, physical activity by accelerometry and diet quality by food records. Level of significance was p<0.05.Results: During the 9-week training period, body strength increased by 0.33±0.24 N/kg (+7%, P<0.001, and physical fitness increased by 3.5±3.4 mL/min/kg (+6%, P=0.001). Gains in strength were inversely associated with strength at baseline, and positively with activity intensity during the training program. We observed no effect of training on body weight, but body composition was significantly different at follow-up as compared to baseline (16.9±2.5% to 14.9±2.5% body fat, P=0.03). Energy intake was 4491±506 kcal/d and energy balance was -243±306 kcal/d (P=0.04). Average physical activity level was 2.6±0.2 and the average duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was 5:53±0:36h. Over time, physical activity did not change significantly. After adjustment for underreporting, intakes of vitamin C and D were insufficient on average and for most participants.Conclusions: Improvements in strength were modulated by strength prior to the intervention, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during the training. Thus, compensatory declines in physical activity may hamper the effectiveness of the exercise program.

scholarly journals Estimation of Physical Activity Level in Elderly Nursing Home Residents

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Junko Ohta ◽  
Ayano Fujii ◽  
Akiko Kuwabara ◽  
Kiyoshi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Activity Level

scholarly journals Aptidão física, composição corporal e autopercepção de nível de atividade física em estudantes de Educação Física: um estudo longitudinal (2015-2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Costa Valente ◽  
Gustavo Costa Valente ◽  
Mariana Passini ◽  
Bianca Andrade Ferreira ◽  
Marcelo Conte
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Medicine Ball

Introdução: : Na atualidade, as pessoas são incentivadas a praticar exercícios físicos e a adotar um estilo de vida ativo. Dentre os cursos da área da saúde, a Educação Física é o que apresenta o maior número de universitários com bom nível de atividade física e consequente aptidão física.Objetivo: Comparar a aptidão física, a composição corporal e a autopercepção do nível de atividade física habitual dos alunos do curso de Educação Física da Escola Superior de Educação Física de Jundiaí (ESEF) no primeiro e no último ano de curso.Métodos: Estudo longitudinal com uma amostra por conveniência, do qual participaram 53 alunos do curso de bacharelado em Educação Física, que foram avaliados no primeiro (2015) e no último ano (2018), por meio de anamnese, avaliações em composição corporal e em aptidão física (aptidão cardiorrespiratória, flexibilidade, resistência e força muscular). O teste de t Student pareado foi utilizado para comparar os dados.Resultados: Houve diferenças significativas em peso(kg), +3,8% (p=0,002); IMC(kg/m2) +5% (p=0,00025); RCQ(cm) +4,9% (p= 0,00015); percentual de gordura corporal(%) -14,1%, (p=<0,0001); arremesso de medicine ball(cm) +6,2% (p=0,0006); flexão de braços(repetições) +10,8% (p=0,0051); VO2máx(ml/kg/m), -7,3% (p= 0,0384). Salto Vertical, abdominal(repetições) e flexibilidade não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas.Conclusão: Os alunos apresentaram aumento de massa corporal, redução no percentual de gordura e melhores resultados nos testes de força e resistência muscular dos membros superiores. Entretanto, o desempenho no teste de aptidão cardiorrespiratória piorou ao longo do curso. Os resultados foram discutidos.Physical Fitness, Body Composition and Self-Perception of Physical Activity Level in Physical Education Undergraduates: A Longitudinal Study (2015-2018)Introduction: Nowadays, people are encouraged to exercise and adopt an active lifestyle. Among the courses in the area of health, Physical Education is the one that presents the highest number of university students with a good level of physical activity and consequent physical fitness.Objective: To compare the physical fitness, body composition and self-perception of the habitual physical activity level of the students of the Physical Education course of the Higher School of Physical Education of Jundiaí (ESEF) in the first and last year of the course.Methods: This was a longitudinal study with a sample of convenience, in which 53 students from the baccalaureate degree in Physical Education participated, who were evaluated in the first (2015) and last year (2018), through anamnesis, body composition and physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, endurance and muscular strength). The paired Student t test was used to compare the data.Results: There were significant differences in weight (kg), + 3.8% (p = 0.002); BMI (kg / m2) + 5% (p = 0.00025); RCQ (cm) + 4.9% (p = 0.00015); percentage of body fat (%) -14.1%, (p = <0.0001); medicine ball pitch (cm) + 6.2% (p = 0.0006); arm flexion (repetitions) + 10.8% (p = 0.0051); VO2max (ml / kg / m), -7.3% (p = 0.0384). Vertical jumping, abdominal (repetitions) and flexibility were not statistically significant differences.Conclusion: The students presented increase of body mass, reduction in fat percentage and better results in tests of strength and muscular endurance of the upper limbs. However, performance in the cardiorespiratory fitness test worsened throughout the course. The results were discussed.

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