scholarly journals Changes in Cerebral Volume and White Matter Integrity in Adults on Hemodialysis and Relationship to Cognitive Function

Nephron ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Wesley T. Richerson ◽  
Laura G. Umfleet ◽  
Brian D. Schmit ◽  
Dawn F. Wolfgram
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Matter Volume

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Patients on hemodialysis (HD) have a significant burden of cognitive impairment. Characterizing the cerebral structural changes in HD patients compared to healthy controls and evaluating the relationship of cerebral structural integrity with cognitive performance in HD patients can help clarify the pathophysiology of the cognitive impairment in HD patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this cross-sectional study, in-center HD patients ≥50 years of age underwent brain structural and diffusion MRIs and cognitive assessment using the NIH Toolbox cognition battery. The cerebral imaging measures of the HD participants were compared to imaging from age-matched controls. Gray matter volume, white matter volume, and white matter integrity determined by diffusion tensor imaging parameters (including fractional anisotropy [FA]) were measured in both cohorts to determine differences in the cerebral structure between HD participants and healthy controls. The association between cognitive performance on the NIH Toolbox cognition battery and cerebral structural integrity was evaluated using multiple linear regression models. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We compared imaging measures form 23 HD participants and 15 age-matched controls. The HD participants had decreased gray matter volumes (526.8 vs. 589.5 cm<sup>3</sup>, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01) and worsened white matter integrity overall (FA values of 0.2864 vs. 0.3441, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01) within major white matter tracts compared to healthy controls. Decreases in white matter integrity in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus was associated with lower executive function scores (<i>r</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> = 0.24, <i>p</i> = 0.02) and inferior longitudinal fasciculus with lower memory scores (<i>r</i> = 0.25 and <i>p</i> = 0.03 for left and <i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.21 and <i>p</i> = 0.03 for right). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> HD patients have a pattern of decreased white matter integrity and gray matter atrophy compared to controls. Decreases in white matter integrity were associated with decreased cognitive performance in the HD population.

scholarly journals MRI Markers for Mild Cognitive Impairment: Comparisons between White Matter Integrity and Gray Matter Volume Measurements

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. e66367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Norbert Schuff ◽  
Monica Camacho ◽  
Linda L. Chao ◽  
Thomas P. Fletcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Volume Measurements

scholarly journals Altered Default Mode Network Is Associated With Cognitive Impairment in Cadasil as Revealed by Multimodal Neuroimaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panlong Li ◽  
Qi Huang ◽  
Shiyu Ban ◽  
Yuan Qiao ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Matter Volume

Abstract Background: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) caused by mutations in NOTCH3 gene is a hereditary cerebral small vessel disease, manifesting with stroke, cognitive impairment and mood disturbances. Functional or structural changes in the default mode network (DMN), which plays important roles in cognitive and mental maintenance, have been found in a number of neurological and mental diseases. However, it is still unclear whether DMN is altered in CADASIL patients.Methods: Multimodal imaging methods, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), were applied to evaluate the functional, structural and metabolic characteristics of DMN in 25 CADASIL patients and 42 healthy controls.Results: Compared to controls, CADASIL patients had decreased nodal efficiency and degree centrality of the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampal formation within DMN. Structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) showed decreased gray matter volume and fiber tracks presented in the bilateral hippocampal formation. Meanwhile, PET imaging showed decreased metabolism within the whole DMN in CADASIL. Furthermore, correlation analyses showed that these nodal characteristics, gray matter volume, and metabolic signals of DMN were related to cognitive scores in CADASIL.Conclusions: Our results suggested that altered network characteristics of DMN may play important roles in cognitive deficits of CADASIL.

Cognitive impairment in MS: Impact of white matter integrity, gray matter volume, and lesions

Neurology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1025-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Hulst ◽  
M. D. Steenwijk ◽  
A. Versteeg ◽  
P. J. W. Pouwels ◽  
H. Vrenken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Matter Volume

Cognition and gray and white matter characteristics of presymptomatic C9orf72 repeat expansion

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 1256-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne M. Papma ◽  
Lize C. Jiskoot ◽  
Jessica L. Panman ◽  
Elise G. Dopper ◽  
Tom den Heijer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Repeat Expansion ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Presymptomatic Stage ◽  
And Diffusion

Objective:To investigate cognitive function, gray matter volume, and white matter integrity in the presymptomatic stage of chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 repeat expansion (C9orf72RE).Methods:Presymptomatic C9orf72RE carriers (n = 18) and first-degree family members without a pathogenic expansion (healthy controls [HC], n = 15) underwent a standardized protocol of neuropsychological tests, T1-weighted MRI, and diffusion tensor imaging within our cohort study of autosomal dominant frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We investigated group differences in cognitive function, gray matter volume through voxel-based morphometry, and white matter integrity by means of tract-based spatial statistics. We correlated cognitive change with underlying gray or white matter.Results:Our data demonstrate lower scores on letter fluency, Stroop card I, and Stroop card III, accompanied by white matter integrity loss in tracts connecting the frontal lobe, the thalamic radiation, and tracts associated with motor functioning in presymptomatic C9orf72RE compared with HC. In a subgroup of C9orf72RE carriers above 40 years of age, we found gray matter volume loss in the thalamus, cerebellum, and parietal and temporal cortex. We found no significant relationship between subtle cognitive decline and underlying gray or white matter.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that a decline in cognitive functioning, white matter integrity, and gray matter volumes are present in presymptomatic C9orf72RE carriers. These findings suggest that neuropsychological assessment, T1-weighted MRI, and diffusion tensor imaging might be useful to identify early biomarkers in the presymptomatic stage of FTD or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

scholarly journals Decreased White Matter Integrity in Neuropsychologically Defined Mild Cognitive Impairment Is Independent of Cortical Thinning

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 925-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki H. Stricker ◽  
David H. Salat ◽  
Jessica M. Foley ◽  
Tyler A. Zink ◽  
Ida L. Kellison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
White Matter Changes

AbstractImproved understanding of the pattern of white matter changes in early and prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) states such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is necessary to support earlier preclinical detection of AD, and debate remains whether white matter changes in MCI are secondary to gray matter changes. We applied neuropsychologically based MCI criteria to a sample of normally aging older adults; 32 participants met criteria for MCI and 81 participants were classified as normal control (NC) subjects. Whole-head high resolution T1 and diffusion tensor imaging scans were completed. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics was applied and a priori selected regions of interest were extracted. Hippocampal volume and cortical thickness averaged across regions with known vulnerability to AD were derived. Controlling for cortical thickness, the MCI group showed decreased average fractional anisotropy (FA) and decreased FA in parietal white matter and in white matter underlying the entorhinal and posterior cingulate cortices relative to the NC group. Statistically controlling for cortical thickness, medial temporal FA was related to memory and parietal FA was related to executive functioning. These results provide further support for the potential role of white matter integrity as an early biomarker for individuals at risk for AD and highlight that changes in white matter may be independent of gray matter changes. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–13)

Individual differences in white and grey matter structure associated with verbal habits of thought

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin C. Hayes ◽  
Katherine L Alfred ◽  
Rachel Pizzie ◽  
Joshua S. Cetron ◽  
David J. M. Kraemer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Self Report ◽  
White Matter Tracts

Modality specific encoding habits account for a significant portion of individual differences reflected in functional activation during cognitive processing. Yet, little is known about how these habits of thought influence long-term structural changes in the brain. Traditionally, habits of thought have been assessed using self-report questionnaires such as the visualizer-verbalizer questionnaire. Here, rather than relying on subjective reports, we measured habits of thought using a novel behavioral task assessing attentional biases toward picture and word stimuli. Hypothesizing that verbal habits of thought are reflected in the structural integrity of white matter tracts and cortical regions of interest, we used diffusion tensor imaging and volumetric analyses to assess this prediction. Using a whole-brain approach, we show that word bias is associated with increased volume in several bilateral language regions, in both white and grey matter parcels. Additionally, connectivity within white matter tracts within an a priori speech production network increased as a function of word bias. These results demonstrate long-term structural and morphological differences associated with verbal habits of thought.

CHARACTERIZATION OF COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE, GRAY MATTER VOLUME AND WHITE MATTER MICROSTRUCTURE IN COGNITIVELY UNIMPAIRED ADULTS WITH INSOMNIA SYMPTOMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. P207-P209
Author(s):  
Oriol Grau-Rivera ◽  
Grégory Operto ◽  
Carles Falcon ◽  
Raffaele Cacciaglia ◽  
Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Olfactory Function and Diffusion Tensor Imaging as Markers of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Early Stages of Parkinson's Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 155005942110582
Author(s):  
Sophie A. Stewart ◽  
Laura Pimer ◽  
John D. Fisk ◽  
Benjamin Rusak ◽  
Ron A. Leslie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
White Matter Integrity

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is typified by motor signs and symptoms but can also lead to significant cognitive impairment and dementia Parkinson's Disease Dementia (PDD). While dementia is considered a nonmotor feature of PD that typically occurs later, individuals with PD may experience mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) earlier in the disease course. Olfactory deficit (OD) is considered another nonmotor symptom of PD and often presents even before the motor signs and diagnosis of PD. We examined potential links among cognitive impairment, olfactory functioning, and white matter integrity of olfactory brain regions in persons with early-stage PD. Cognitive tests were used to established groups with PD-MCI and with normal cognition (PD-NC). Olfactory functioning was examined using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) while the white matter integrity of the anterior olfactory structures (AOS) was examined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis. Those with PD-MCI demonstrated poorer olfactory functioning and abnormalities based on all DTI parameters in the AOS, relative to PD-NC individuals. OD and microstructural changes in the AOS of individuals with PD may serve as additional biological markers of PD-MCI.

Association of Age at Onset With Gray Matter Volume and White Matter Microstructural Abnormalities in People With Multiple Sclerosis

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012869
Author(s):  
Raffaello Bonacchi ◽  
Alessandro Meani ◽  
Elisabetta Pagani ◽  
Olga Marchesi ◽  
Andrea Falini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Matter Volume

Objective:To investigate whether age at onset influences brain gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter (WM) microstructural abnormalities in adult multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, given its influence on clinical phenotype and disease course.Method:In this hypothesis-driven cross-sectional study, we enrolled 67 pediatric-onset MS (POMS) patients and 143 sex- and disease duration (DD)-matched randomly-selected adult-onset MS (AOMS) patients, together with 208 healthy controls. All subjects underwent neurological evaluation and 3T MRI acquisition. MRI variables were standardized based on healthy controls, to remove effects of age and sex. Associations with DD in POMS and AOMS patients were studied with linear models. Time to reach clinical and MRI milestones was assessed with product-limit approach.Results:At DD=1 year, GMV and WM fractional anisotropy (FA) were abnormal in AOMS but not in POMS patients. Significant interaction of age at onset (POMS vs AOMS) into the association with DD was found for GMV and WM FA. The crossing point of regression lines in POMS and AOMS patients was at 20 years of DD for GMV and 14 for WM FA. For POMS and AOMS patients, median DD was 29 and 19 years to reach Expanded Disability Status Scale=3 (p<0.001), 31 and 26 years to reach abnormal Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task-3 (p=0.01), 24 and 18 years to reach abnormal GMV (p=0.04), and 19 and 17 years to reach abnormal WM FA (p=0.36).Conclusions:Younger patients are initially resilient to MS-related damage. Then, compensatory mechanisms start failing with loss of WM integrity, followed by GM atrophy and finally disability.

scholarly journals Cognitive deficits and white matter abnormalities in never-treated first-episode schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi Yang ◽  
Shan Gao ◽  
Xiangyang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Abstract Cognitive impairment is viewed as a core symptom of schizophrenia (SCZ), but its pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear. White matter (WM) disruption is considered to be a central abnormality that may contribute to cognitive impairment in SCZ patients. However, few studies have addressed the association between cognition and WM integrity in never-treated first-episode (NTFE) patients with SCZ. In this study, we used the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) to evaluate cognitive function in NTFE patients (n = 39) and healthy controls (n = 30), and associated it with whole-brain fractional anisotropy (FA) values obtained via voxel-based diffusion tensor imaging. We found that FA was lower in five brain areas of SCZ patients, including the cingulate gyrus, internal capsule, corpus callosum, cerebellum, and brainstem. Compared with the healthy control group, the MCCB’s total score and 8 out of 10 subscores were significantly lower in NTFE patients (all p < 0.001). Moreover, in patients but not healthy controls, the performance in the Trail Making Test was negatively correlated with the FA value in the left cingulate. Our findings provide evidence that WM disconnection is involved in some cognitive impairment in the early course of SCZ.

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