scholarly journals Interactions of Carbohydrate Intake and Physical Activity with Regulatory Genes Affecting Glycaemia: A Food4Me Study Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Santiago Navas-Carretero ◽  
Rodrigo San-Cristobal ◽  
Ismael Alvarez-Alvarez ◽  
Carlos Celis-Morales ◽  
Katherine M. Livingstone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Carbohydrate intake and physical activity are related to glucose homeostasis, both being influenced by individual genetic makeup. However, the interactions between these 2 factors, as affected by genetics, on glycaemia have been scarcely reported. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> We focused on analysing the interplay between carbohydrate intake and physical activity levels on blood glucose, taking into account a genetic risk score (GRS), based on SNPs related to glucose/energy metabolism. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 1,271 individuals from the Food4Me cohort, who completed the nutritional intervention, were evaluated at baseline. We collected dietary information by using an online-validated food frequency questionnaire, a questionnaire on physical activity, blood biochemistry by analysis of dried blood spots, and by analysis of selected SNPs. Fifteen out of 31 SNPs, with recognized participation in carbohydrate/energy metabolism, were included in the component analyses. The GRS included risk alleles involved in the control of glycaemia or energy-yielding processes. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Data concerning anthropometric, clinical, metabolic, dietary intake, physical activity, and genetics related to blood glucose levels showed expected trends in European individuals of comparable sex and age, being categorized by lifestyle, BMI, and energy/carbohydrate intakes, in this Food4Me population. Blood glucose was inversely associated with physical activity level (β = −0.041, <i>p</i> = 0.013) and positively correlated with the GRS values (β = 0.015, <i>p</i> = 0.047). Interestingly, an interaction affecting glycaemia, concerning physical activity level with carbohydrate intake, was found (β = −0.060, <i>p</i> = 0.033), which also significantly depended on the genetic background (GRS). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The relationships of carbohydrate intake and physical activity are important in understanding glucose homeostasis, where a role for the genetic background should be ascribed.

scholarly journals Early-menarche as Determinant Factor for Metabolic-risks: An Epidemiology Perspectives among Adolescent Girls aged 13-15 years old in Jakarta-Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Ririn Hariani ◽  
Vikie Nouvrisia ◽  
Dhevinia Yustikarani ◽  
Saptawati Bardosono ◽  
Noorwati Sutandyo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Early Menarche ◽  
Determinant Factor

Background and Objectives:Early menarche predicts higher body mass index (BMI) and adiposity in adult life, and it has been associated with risk factors of cardiometabolic diseases such as elevated triglycerides and waist circumferences also higher risk of adult diabetes. This study aims to explore early-menarche as determinant factor for metabolic-risks among adolescent girls aged 13-15 years old.Methods and Study Design:This cross-sectional study was undertaken in adolescent girls aged 13-15 years in all five municipalities in Jakarta-Indonesia, from January 2014 to Mei 2016. Data collected by using standardized measures for dietary intake, nutritional status indicators, physical activity level, blood pressure, blood glucose and lipid profile, and statistically analyzed by independent-t or Mann-Whitney test, and Pearson or Spearman correlation test.Results and Conclusions:A total of 194 adolescent girls were participated in this study. Early menarche was found in 22.68% of all subjects. There was no association between menarche status and daily macronutrients intake pattern and physical activity level score. Early menarche subjects had significantly higher BMI (p<0.001), CDC-percentile (p<0.001), WHO Z-score (p<0.001), and waist circumference values (p=0.02). Furthermore, early menarche subjects also had higher systolic blood pressure (p=0.035), total cholesterol level (p=0.028), LDL-cholesterol level (p=0.013), and triglyceride level (p=0.026). There was no association between menarche status and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HDL-C level, lipid profile ratio. In conclusion, early menarche is an important determinant factor of metabolic risks, and balance between dietary intake and physical activity level should be prioritized among them. 

Self-Referent Thoughts in Exercise: The Self-Perception in Exercise Questionnaire

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marit Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
English Language ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Social Comfort ◽  
And Gender

Adherence to lifestyle changes - beginning to exercise, for example - is assumed to be mediated by self-referent thoughts. This paper describes a pilot study and three studies conducted to develop and validate a questionnaire for adults to determine their self-perceptions related to health-oriented exercise. The pilot study identified items pertinent to the domains considered important in this context, and began the process of selecting items. Study 2 examined the factor structure, reduced the number of items, determined the internal consistency of the factors, and explored the discriminative validity of the questionnaire as to physical activity level and gender. Four factors with a total of 24 items were accepted, measuring mastery of exercise, body perception, social comfort/discomfort in the exercise setting, and perception of fitness. All subscales had acceptable internal consistencies. Preliminary validity was demonstrated by confirming hypothesized differences in scores as to gender, age, and physical activity level. The third study examined and demonstrated convergent validity with similar existing subscales. The fourth study examined an English-language version of the questionnaire, confirming the existence of the factors and providing preliminary psychometric evidence of the viability of the questionnaire.

Physical Activity Level and Motor Aptitude: Motor Domains and Identification Capacity of Brazilian Insufficiently Active Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Maria Andreis ◽  
Fernando de Aguiar Lemos ◽  
Lorenna Walesca de Lima Silva ◽  
Cassiana Luiza Pistorello Garcia ◽  
Gabrielli Veras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
General Motor ◽  
Body Scheme ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Global Coordination

Background: A decrease in the physical activity level in old age is common, which results in an increase in the number of falls and chronic conditions. Associated with that occurs the decline in motor skills as a result of the deficit in the interaction of cognitive and motor processes. Physical activity level can be associated differently with each motor domains. Objective: We analyzed the relationship between physical activity level and motor aptitude, and to identify which motor domains were most sensitive to detect insufficiently active level in older adults. Methods: Participated in the study 385 elderly people of both sexes. For the evaluation of the subjects were adopted the International Questionnaire on Physical Activity and the Motor Scale for Older Adults. Results: The majority of the elderly were active. In the comparison of motor aptitude between active and insufficiently active (IAC) elders a significant difference was found in the Global Coordination, Balance, Body Scheme and General Motor Aptitude. From the analysis of the area under the curve (AUC), we verified that these domains also were the ones that presented adequate diagnostic accuracy to identify IAC elderly. Besides that active elderly have presented the General Motor Aptitude classified within normality while the IAC below the normal. Conclusion: Our data suggest that IAC older adults present lower motor aptitude than the active elderly, especially in the domains of Global Coordination, Balance, Body Scheme and General Motor Aptitude, and that these domains were sensitive to indicate IAC older adults.

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