scholarly journals Green Tea-Derived Epigallocatechin Gallate Inhibits Acid Production and Promotes the Aggregation of Streptococcus mutans and Non-Mutans Streptococci

2021 ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Sili Han ◽  
Yuki Abiko ◽  
Jumpei Washio ◽  
Yufang Luo ◽  
Linglin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Cell Aggregation ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Sugar Uptake ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Short Term

It has been suggested that green tea-derived epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which has antimicrobial properties, might help prevent dental caries. However, the detailed properties of EGCG remain unclear. In this study, the antimicrobial properties of EGCG were evaluated by examining its bactericidal activity, its inhibitory effects against bacterial growth, acid production, acidic end-product formation, and sugar uptake (phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system, PEP-PTS activity), and its effects on bacterial aggregation, using monocultured planktonic cells of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and non-mutans streptococci. Coincubating <i>S. mutans</i> with EGCG (1 mg/mL) for 4 h had no bactericidal effects, while it decreased the growth and acid production of <i>S. mutans</i> by inhibiting the activity of the PEP-PTS. EGCG (2 mg/mL) caused rapid bacterial cell aggregation and had reduced the optical density of <i>S. mutans</i> cell suspension by 86.7% at pH 7.0 and 90.7% at pH 5.5 after 2 h. EGCG also reduced the acid production of non-mutans streptococci, including <i>S. sanguinis</i>, <i>S. gordonii</i>, and <i>S. salivarius</i>, and promoted the aggregation of these non-mutans streptococci. Furthermore, these antimicrobial effects of short-term EGCG treatment persisted in the presence of saliva. These results suggest that EGCG might have short-term antibacterial effects on caries-associated streptococci in the oral cavity.

Recovery of Acid Production in Streptococcus mutans Biofilms after Short-Term Fluoride Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh-Huy Dang ◽  
Ji-Eun Jung ◽  
Dae-Woo Lee ◽  
Kwang-Yeob Song ◽  
Jae-Gyu Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Period ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Linear Pattern ◽  
Hygiene Measures

Fluoride is commonly used as an ingredient of topical oral hygiene measures. Despite the anti-acidogenic activities of fluoride against cariogenic biofilms, the recovery of the biofilms from fluoride damage is unclear. Herein, we investigated the recovery of acid production in Streptococcus mutans biofilms after short-term or during periodic 1-min fluoride treatments. For this study, 46-hour-old S. mutans biofilms were treated with fluoride (0-2,000 ppm F-) for 1-8 min and then incubated in saliva for 0-100 min. The 74-hour-old biofilms were also periodically treated with the fluoride concentration during biofilm formation (1 min/treatment). Changes in acidogenicity and viability were determined via pH drop and colony-forming unit assays, respectively. In this study, acid production after a 1-min fluoride treatment was recovered as saliva incubation time increased, which followed a linear pattern of concentration dependence (R = 0.99, R2 = 0.98). The recovery pattern was in a biphasic pattern, with an initial rapid rate followed by a second slow recovery. Furthermore, recovery from fluoride damage was retarded in a concentration-dependent manner as treatment time increased. In periodic 1-min fluoride treatments, acid production in the biofilms was not diminished during the non-fluoride treatment period; however, it was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner during the fluoride treatment period. The viability of the biofilm cells did not change, even at high fluoride concentrations. Collectively, our results suggest that brief fluoride treatment does not sustain anti-acidogenic activity against S. mutans in biofilms since the damage is recoverable with time.

scholarly journals Effects of the Licorice Isoflavans Licoricidin and Glabridin on the Growth, Adherence Properties, and Acid Production of Streptococcus mutans, and Assessment of Their Biocompatibility

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Katy Vaillancourt ◽  
Geneviève LeBel ◽  
Geneviève Pellerin ◽  
Amel Ben Lagha ◽  
Daniel Grenier
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Oral Keratinocytes ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Cariogenic Bacterium

Pharmacological studies have linked a number of human health benefits with licorice due to its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of licoricidin and glabridin, two major licorice isoflavans, on growth and virulence properties (biofilm formation, acid production, dextran production, adherence) of the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans. Moreover, the biocompatibility of these licorice compounds was assessed in an in vitro model of oral keratinocytes. We used a broth microdilution assay to show that licoricidin and glabridin exhibit a marked antibacterial activity against S. mutans. Glabridin and, to a lesser extent, licoricidin reduced the biofilm viability of S. mutans. In addition, glabridin decreased the production of dextran by S. mutans. The two licorice isoflavans attenuated the adherence of S. mutans to a saliva-coated hydroxylapatite surface, and reduced acid production from glucose. Lastly, depending on the concentrations tested, the two licorice isoflavans showed no or low toxicity toward oral keratinocytes. Within the limitations of this study, our data suggest that licoricidin and glabridin may be promising agents for controlling dental caries.

scholarly journals Characterization of Streptococcus mutans Strains Deficient in EIIABMan of the Sugar Phosphotransferase System

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 4760-4769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Abranches ◽  
Yi-Ywan M. Chen ◽  
Robert A. Burne
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Sugar Uptake ◽  
Uptake System ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Phosphotransferase System

ABSTRACT The phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) is the major sugar uptake system in oral streptococci. The role of EIIABMan (encoded by manL) in gene regulation and sugar transport was investigated in Streptococcus mutans UA159. The manL knockout strain, JAM1, grew more slowly than the wild-type strain in glucose but grew faster in mannose and did not display diauxic growth, indicating that EIIABMan is involved in sugar uptake and in carbohydrate catabolite repression. PTS assays of JAM1, and of strains lacking the inducible (fruI) and constitutive (fruCD) EII fructose, revealed that S. mutans EIIABMan transported mannose and glucose and provided evidence that there was also a mannose-inducible or glucose-repressible mannose PTS. Additionally, there appears to be a fructose PTS that is different than FruI and FruCD. To determine whether EIIABMan controlled expression of the known virulence genes, glucosyltransferases (gtfBC) and fructosyltransferase (ftf) promoter fusions of these genes were established in the wild-type and EIIABMan-deficient strains. In the manL mutant, the level of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity expressed from the gtfBC promoter was up to threefold lower than that seen with the wild-type strain at pH 6 and 7, indicating that EIIABMan is required for optimal expression of gtfBC. No significant differences were observed between the mutant and the wild-type background in ftf regulation, with the exception that under glucose-limiting conditions at pH 7, the mutant exhibited a 2.1-fold increase in ftf expression. Two-dimensional gel analysis of batch-grown cells of the EIIABMan-deficient strain indicated that the expression of at least 38 proteins was altered compared to that seen with the wild-type strain, revealing that EIIABMan has a pleiotropic effect on gene expression.

scholarly journals Seven-day Green Tea Supplementation Revamps Gut Microbiome and Caecum/Skin Metabolome in Mice from Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Sung Jung ◽  
Jong il Park ◽  
Hyunjoon Park ◽  
Wilhelm Holzapfel ◽  
Jae Sung Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Uv Stress ◽  
Tea Extract

AbstractGreen tea supplementation has beneficial health effects. However, its underlying mechanisms, such as effects on modulating the intestinal microbiome and endogenous metabolome, particularly following short-term supplementation, are largely unclear. We conducted an integrative metabolomics study to evaluate the effects of short-term (7-day) supplementation of green tea extract (GTE) or its components, epigallocatechin gallate, caffeine, and theanine, on the caecum microbiota and caecum/skin metabolome in mice. Further, we established an integrative metabolome-microbiome model for correlating gut and skin findings. The effects of short-term supplementation with dietary compounds were evaluated with respect to UV stress response, with GTE showing the most remarkable effects. Biplot analysis revealed that Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus spp. were considerably influenced by short-term GTE supplementation, while Clostridium butyricum was significantly increased by UV stress without supplementation. GTE supplementation helped the skin metabolome defend against UV stress. Interestingly, a significant positive correlation was observed between caecum bacteria (Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus spp.) and metabolites including skin barrier function-related skin metabolites, caecal fatty acids, and caecal amino acids. Overall, 7-day GTE supplementation was sufficient to alter the gut microbiota and endogenous caecum/skin metabolome, with positive effects on UV stress response, providing insight into the mechanism of the prebiotic effects of GTE supplementation.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Commercial and Enriched Green Tea Extracts on the Growth of Brochothrix thermosphacta, Pseudomonas putida and Escherichia coli

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elodie Rozoy ◽  
Laurent Bazinet ◽  
Monica Araya-Farias ◽  
Anthony Guernec ◽  
Linda Saucier
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Meat Spoilage ◽  
Brochothrix Thermosphacta

<p>The major catechin found in green tea, called epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), have been reported to have antimicrobial properties. In this study, we examined <em>in vitro </em>the antimicrobial effects of a commercial green tea extract sold in a capsule form, and two prepared green tea extracts enriched in catechins against <em>Brochothrix thermosphacta</em>, <em>Pseudomonsas putida</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em> which have been associated with meat spoilage. The antimicrobial activity of the different tea extracts was evaluated by Spot-On-Lawn and Well Diffusion assays and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was also determined in Brain Heart Infusion broth. The three methods used showed an inhibition of <em>Brochothrix thermosphacta</em>, whereas the inhibition of <em>Pseudomonas putida</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em> was only detected with the MIC assay. The determination of the MIC in broth culture appeared to be the most reliable method to determine the inhibitory activity of catechin compounds. <strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Streptococcus mutans Level Estimation in Saliva before and after Consumption of Chewable Probiotics among School Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Shinjini Dey ◽  
Chanchal Singh ◽  
Ankit Natani ◽  
Hemeshwari Laishram ◽  
Aishwarya Senthilkumar
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
World Health ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Before And After

INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization (WHO) deemed probiotics to be the next most important immune defence system. Also known as the “friendly bacteria”, these lactobacilli-derived food supplements are the current trending weapons to fight against Streptococcus mutans, the prime causative organism for dental caries. AIM: To compare the levels of salivary mutans streptococci in children before and after short-term consumption of dental probiotic chewable containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus salivarius M18. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was performed on 10 healthy subjects in the age group of 6-12 years who were followed for 7 days. The assessment of S. mutans in saliva was done at baseline, 1 hour after consumption of probiotic chewable and after 7-day of intervention period using mitis salivarius bacitracin agar. The colonies of S. mutans were identified and counted using a digital colony counter.RESULTS: A statistically significant reduction of salivary S. mutans was recorded after consumption of the probiotic chewable on the 7th day in the probiotic group. Results were found to be statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) when the differences in the reduction of mutans streptococci counts with probiotic chewable and plain chewable on the 7th day were compared. CONCLUSION: The following study, based on its observations, does conclude that short term consumption of probiotic chewable displays a significant reduction in the level of salivary Streptococcus mutans in children. Thus, keeping in mind the idea that prevention is always better than cure, the awareness regarding probiotics as a therapy to prevent dental caries should be made among both dental practitioners, especially paediatric dentists as well as parents.

Triclosan inhibition of membrane enzymes and glycolysis of Streptococcus mutans in suspensions and biofilms

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 977-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan-Nghia Phan ◽  
Robert E Marquis
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Irreversible Inhibitor ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Inhibition Of Glycolysis

Triclosan was found to be a potent inhibitor of the F(H+)-ATPase of the oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans and to increase proton permeabilities of intact cells. Moreover, it acted additively with weak-acid transmembrane proton carriers, such as fluoride or sorbate, to sensitize glycolysis to acid inhibition. Even at neutral pH, triclosan could inhibit glycolysis more directly as an irreversible inhibitor of the glycolytic enzymes pyruvate kinase, lactic dehydro genase, aldolase, and the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS). Cell glycolysis in suspensions or biofilms was inhibited in a pH-dependent manner by triclosan at a concentration of about 0.1 mmol/L at pH 7, approximately the lethal concentration for S. mutans cells in suspensions. Cells in intact biofilms were almost as sensitive to triclosan inhibition of glycolysis as were cells in suspensions but were more resistant to killing. Targets for irreversible inhibition of glycolysis included the PTS and cytoplasmic enzymes, specifically pyruvate kinase, lactic dehydrogenase, and to a lesser extent, aldolase. General conclusions are that triclosan is a multi-target inhibitor for mutans streptococci, which lack a triclosan-sensitive FabI enoyl-ACP reductase, and that inhibition of glycolysis in dental plaque biofilms, in which triclosan is retained after initial or repeated exposure, would reduce cariogenicity.Key words: triclosan, oral streptococci, glycolysis, biofilms, F-ATPase.

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