Effects of the Licorice Isoflavans Licoricidin and Glabridin on the Growth, Adherence Properties, and Acid Production of Streptococcus mutans, and Assessment of Their Biocompatibility

Pharmacological studies have linked a number of human health benefits with licorice due to its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of licoricidin and glabridin, two major licorice isoflavans, on growth and virulence properties (biofilm formation, acid production, dextran production, adherence) of the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans. Moreover, the biocompatibility of these licorice compounds was assessed in an in vitro model of oral keratinocytes. We used a broth microdilution assay to show that licoricidin and glabridin exhibit a marked antibacterial activity against S. mutans. Glabridin and, to a lesser extent, licoricidin reduced the biofilm viability of S. mutans. In addition, glabridin decreased the production of dextran by S. mutans. The two licorice isoflavans attenuated the adherence of S. mutans to a saliva-coated hydroxylapatite surface, and reduced acid production from glucose. Lastly, depending on the concentrations tested, the two licorice isoflavans showed no or low toxicity toward oral keratinocytes. Within the limitations of this study, our data suggest that licoricidin and glabridin may be promising agents for controlling dental caries.

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Isolation and Characterisation of Probiotics for Antagonising Cariogenic Bacterium Streptococcus mutans and Preventing Biofilm Formation

10.20944/preprints201610.0102.v1 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Pei-Pei Lin ◽

You-Miin Hsieh ◽

Cheng-Chih Tsai

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Lactobacillus Pentosus ◽

Chewing Gums ◽

Dependent Cell ◽

Cariogenic Bacterium

Consumption of refined foods and beverages high in sugar make the teeth susceptible to the formation of biofilm, and lead to dental caries and diseases of the oral cavity such as periodontitis and periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the ability of selected probiotics to inhibit growth and biofilm formation by the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans in vitro. We screened strains of latic acid bacteria (LAB) (n=120) from the Bioresources Collection and Research Center (BCRC), saliva of healthy adults and infant stool. The antimicrobial activity of LAB in vitro was evaluated by agar spot culture and co-culture of the S. mutans strains. We determined the effect of heating and dilution factors (2- and 4-fold) on the antagonistic activity of LAB. Antagonistic substances in the spent culture suspensions (SCS) of LAB were precipitated by extraction with ammonium sulphate and chloroform to characterise the protein and lipophilic fractions. Results of co-culturing show that the SCS of the three LAB strains (Lactobacillus pentosus 13-1, 13-4 and Lactobacillus crispatus BCRC 14618) subjected to heat treatment showed significantly high antimicrobial activity. We found that substances produced by L. pentosus 13-4 which have the potential to exhibit antimicrobial properties might be lipophilic proteins. Additionally, we infer that the mechanism of reducing biofilm formation by Lactobacillus strains is associated with sucrose-dependent cell–cell adhesion and the gtfC level of glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) in the biofilm. Native LAB strains screened in our study may be used in chewing gums and other processed foods for preventing tooth decay.

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Protective Effect of Vitamin E on Immune Triggered, Granulocyte Mediated Endothelial Injury

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1661027 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 51 (01) ◽

pp. 089-092 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

M A Boogaerts ◽

J Van de Broeck ◽

H Deckmyn ◽

C Roelant ◽

J Vermylen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Umbilical Vein ◽

Endothelial Damage ◽

Endothelial Injury ◽

Mediated Effects ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Endothelial Cell Cultures ◽

Vitro Model

SummaryThe effect of alfa-tocopherol on the cell-cell interactions at the vessel wall were studied, using an in vitro model of human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures (HUEC). Immune triggered granulocytes (PMN) will adhere to and damage HUEC and platelets enhance this PMN mediated endothelial injury. When HUEC are cultured in the presence of vitamin E, 51Cr-leakage induced by complement stimulated PMN is significantly decreased and the enhanced cytotoxicity by platelets is completely abolished (p <0.001).The inhibition of PMN induced endothelial injury is directly correlated to a diminished adherence of PMN to vitamin E- cultured HUEC (p <0.001), which may be mediated by an increase of both basal and stimulated endogenous prostacyclin (PGI2) from alfa-tocopherol-treated HUEC (p <0.025). The vitamin E-effect is abolished by incubation of HUEC with the irreversible cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, acetylsalicylic acid, but the addition of exogenous PGI2 could not reproduce the vitamin E-mediated effects.We conclude that vitamin E exerts a protective effect on immune triggered endothelial damage, partly by increasing the endogenous anti-oxidant potential, partly by modulating intrinsic endothelial prostaglandin production. The failure to reproduce vitamin E-protection by exogenously added PGI2 may suggest additional, not yet elucidated vitamin E-effects on endothelial metabolism.

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Use of an in vitro model of hepatic steatosis for studying the anti-oxidant and antisteatotic effects of fucoidan polysaccharides

Biomedical Science and Engineering ◽

10.4081/bse.2019.109 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zeinab El Rashed ◽

Hala Khalife ◽

Adriana Voci ◽

Elena Grasselli ◽

Laura Canesi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Marine Algae ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Terrestrial Plants ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Vitro Model ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is characterised by fat accumulation in hepatocytes in the form of triacyglycerols (TAGs) within cytosolic lipid droplets. Fucoidans (FUs) are biologically active polysaccharides usually isolated from brown marine algae, but recently identified also in terrestrial plants. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-oxidant and anti-steatotic effects of FUs purified from C. compressa, F. hermonis, and E. globulus. To this aim, we used a validated NAFLD in vitro model consisting of rat hepatoma FaO cells exposed to an oleate/palmitate mixture. Such a model is suitable for rapid investigation of direct effects of natural and artificial compounds, together with satisfying the strategy of 3Rs for laboratory use of animals. Our results indicated that all FUs display anti-oxidant and anti-steatotic activities. Steatotic FaO cells may be employed to further study the biological effects of FUs.

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Beneficial effects of nontoxic ozone on H2O2-induced stress and inflammation

Biochemistry and Cell Biology ◽

10.1139/bcb-2016-0033 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (6) ◽

pp. 577-583 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Altug Kucukgul ◽

Suat Erdogan ◽

Ramazan Gonenci ◽

Gonca Ozan

Keyword(s):

Cell Loss ◽

Alveolar Cells ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Ozone Pretreatment ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Vitro Model

In this study, the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy of ozone oxidative preconditioning (OOP) were investigated on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced human lung alveolar cells. In MTT and trypan blue viability tests, while 100 μmol/L H2O2caused a 17.3% and 21.9% decrease in the number of living cells, respectively, ozone at 20 μmol/L regenerated cell proliferation and prevented 9.6% and 11.0% of cell loss, respectively. In addition, H2O2decreased the transcription levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) 5.43-, 2.89-, and 5.33-fold, respectively, while it increased Bax, NF-κβ, TNF-α, and iNOS expression 1.57-, 1.32-, 1.40-, and 1.41-fold, respectively. Ozone pretreatment, however, increased CAT, GPx, and SOD transcription levels 7.08-, 5.17-, and 6.49-fold and decreased Bax, NF-κβ, TNF-α, and iNOS transcriptions by 1.25-, 0.76-, 3.63-, and 7.91-fold, respectively. Moreover, intracellular glutathione (GSH) level and SOD activity were decreased by 46.2% and 45.0% in the H2O2treatment group, and OOP recovered 58.5% and 20.1% of the decreases caused by H2O2. H2O2also increased nitrite levels 7.84-fold, and OOP reduced this increase by half. Consequently, OOP demonstrated potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on in vitro model of oxidative stress-induced lung injury.

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An experimental in vitro model for evaluating drugs against protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x00012426 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 343-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rodolfo Lorenzini ◽

Anna Ruggieri

Keyword(s):

Propylene Glycol ◽

Echinococcus Granulosus ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Pharmacological Studies ◽

Human Sera ◽

Human Therapy ◽

Potential Activity ◽

Vitro Model

ABSTRACTPharmacological studies carried out on protoscoleces in vitro to standardize conditions that would permit a preliminary estimate of the efficacy of drugs with potential activity against Echinococcus granulosus are reported. Media such as PBS and Hanks solution, maintenance temperature, different pH values and concentrations of various solvents have been tested to check the effects on protoscolex survival in tubes in vitro. Mebendazole has been used as the pharmacological standard reference. Changes in the viability of protoscoleces have been used to demonstrate pharmacological activity. Best conditions were obtained employing Hanks solution and propylene glycol at low concentrations. Mebendazole was not completely effective at the concentrations achievable in human therapy. Linear, reproducible results demonstrated that Hanks solution provides an ideal medium for pharmacological studies. Among tested solvents, propylene glycol and dimethyl sulphoxide showed no lethal activity at low concentrations. At concentrations similar to those normally obtained in human sera, mebendazole, as in vivo, demonstrated only partial lethality for protoscoleces. The present study represents a new experimental approach to chemotherapy of hydatid disease.

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Evaluation of anti-oxidant treatments in an in vitro model of alkaptonuric ochronosis

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/keq175 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 49 (10) ◽

pp. 1975-1983 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Daniela Braconi ◽

Marcella Laschi ◽

Loredana Amato ◽

Giulia Bernardini ◽

Lia Millucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Model ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Vitro Model

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Green Tea-Derived Epigallocatechin Gallate Inhibits Acid Production and Promotes the Aggregation of Streptococcus mutans and Non-Mutans Streptococci

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000515814 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 205-214

Author(s):

Sili Han ◽

Yuki Abiko ◽

Jumpei Washio ◽

Yufang Luo ◽

Linglin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Green Tea ◽

Acid Production ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Cell Aggregation ◽

Mutans Streptococci ◽

Sugar Uptake ◽

Phosphotransferase System ◽

Short Term

It has been suggested that green tea-derived epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which has antimicrobial properties, might help prevent dental caries. However, the detailed properties of EGCG remain unclear. In this study, the antimicrobial properties of EGCG were evaluated by examining its bactericidal activity, its inhibitory effects against bacterial growth, acid production, acidic end-product formation, and sugar uptake (phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system, PEP-PTS activity), and its effects on bacterial aggregation, using monocultured planktonic cells of Streptococcus mutans and non-mutans streptococci. Coincubating S. mutans with EGCG (1 mg/mL) for 4 h had no bactericidal effects, while it decreased the growth and acid production of S. mutans by inhibiting the activity of the PEP-PTS. EGCG (2 mg/mL) caused rapid bacterial cell aggregation and had reduced the optical density of S. mutans cell suspension by 86.7% at pH 7.0 and 90.7% at pH 5.5 after 2 h. EGCG also reduced the acid production of non-mutans streptococci, including S. sanguinis, S. gordonii, and S. salivarius, and promoted the aggregation of these non-mutans streptococci. Furthermore, these antimicrobial effects of short-term EGCG treatment persisted in the presence of saliva. These results suggest that EGCG might have short-term antibacterial effects on caries-associated streptococci in the oral cavity.

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An in vitro model to measure the effect of a silver fluoride and potassium iodide treatment on the permeability of demineralized dentine to Streptococcus mutans

Australian Dental Journal ◽

10.1111/j.1834-7819.2005.tb00367.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 242-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

GM Knight ◽

JM McIntyre ◽

GG Craig ◽

Mulyani ◽

PS Zilm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Potassium Iodide ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Vitro Model ◽

Silver Fluoride

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Effect of Trace Elements on Dissolution of Hydroxyapatite by Cariogenic Streptococci

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/00220345750540060201 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 1107-1114 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Richard J. Herbison ◽

Stanley L. Handelman

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Bacterial Growth ◽

Acid Production ◽

Culture Media ◽

Broth Culture ◽

Synthetic Hydroxyapatite ◽

Low Levels

The effect of low levels of strontium, boron, lithium, molybdenum, and fluorine, alone and in combination, on hydroxyapatite solubility, bacterial growth, and acid production in five antigenic types of Streptococcus mutans was investigated. Pour Plates containing synthetic hydroxyapatite were used to compare dissolution of hydroxyapatite. The colonies of the five antigenic types of S mutans produced zones of dissolution that were measured. Acid production and growth were studied in broth culture media. The results show that low levels of strontium and fluorine can significantly reduce demineralization of synthetic hydroxyapatite by S mutans in vitro.

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