scholarly journals Four Core Concepts in Psychiatric Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Leonardo Zaninotto ◽  
Andrea Altobrando
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Encounter ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Phenomenological Perspective ◽  
Engagement And Disengagement ◽  
The Relationship

In the present article, we aimed at describing the diagnostic process in Psychiatry through a phenomenological perspective. We have identified 4 core concepts which may represent the joints of a phenomenologically oriented diagnosis. The “tightrope walking” attitude refers to the psychiatrist’s ability to swing between 2 different and sometimes contrasting tendencies (e.g., engagement and disengagement). The “holistic experience” includes all those intuitive, nonverbal, and pre-thematic elements that emerge in the early stages of the clinical encounter as an emanation of the atmospheric quality of the intersubjective space. The “co-construction of symptoms” regards the hermeneutic process behind psychiatric symptoms, involving both the patient as a self-interpreting agent and the clinician as a translator of his/her experience. Finally, by the “evolving typification” we mean that the closer the relationship becomes with the patient, the more specific and nuanced becomes the typification behind psychiatric diagnosis. Each of these concepts will be accompanied by an extract from a clinical case deriving from one of the authors’ most recent clinical experiences.

Perceptions of Health Intervene in the Relationship Between Psychiatric Symptoms and Quality of Life for Individuals in Supportive Housing

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Matejkowski ◽  
Sungkyu Lee ◽  
Benjamin Henwood ◽  
Jonathon Lukens ◽  
Lara Carson Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Supportive Housing ◽  
The Relationship

Quality of Life in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: Comparison of Self-report and Proxy Assessment

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.-J. Kim ◽  
S.-J. Kim ◽  
H.-S. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Disorder Patient ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
The Relationship

Aims:There is little data to indicate whether or not patients with chronic mental illness can provide self-report QOL data or if informant reports can substitute the patients’ ratings. We evaluated patient-proxy agreement in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and compared levels of agreement according to the relationship between patient-proxies.Method:WHOQOL-BREF and SF-36, two of the most popular quality of life instrument were administered to 82 schizophrenia-proxy and 50 bipolar disorder patient-proxy pairs.Results:Proxies of schizophrenia patients rated patients’ QOL lower than the patients themselves. Agreement between patients and proxies on the four main domains of QOL was moderate to good. Moreover, the agreement between patients’ and proxies’ ratings was higher when the proxy was a mother or spouse compared to father.Conclusion:These findings suggest that proxy rating of QOL can be used as a reasonable estimate of the patients’ rating of QOL in schizophrenia and bipolar patients, at least in Korea. Knowing which domains of QoL are affected in specific psychiatric disorders can help clinicians focus on particular QoL domains during the diagnostic process and to define adequate treatment goals. Therefore, the assessment of QoL may be an important part of the diagnostic process because it can give insight into the areas of functioning in which a patient is suffering the most.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Quality of Sleep and Geographical Directions during Sleeping Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mohamad Moosavi ◽  
Mahshid Ahmadi ◽  
Javad Setareh ◽  
Mani B.Monajemi
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Sleep has been one of God’s most precious blessings since human’s existence and it is vital for both body and soul. External and internal factors like age, sex, drug, illness, psychological pressure, job, life style and Earth’s magnetic field influence quality of sleep drastically. In this study we tended to find the relationship between geographical direction during sleeping process and quality of sleep. Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive study, 200 students from university of Iran, Mazandaran province were selected arbitrarily. After exclusion, based on exclusion criteria, the number of research’s samples reached to 153. Tools used regarding collecting data were standard Pittsburg sleep quality inventory (PSQI) in order to assess the quality of the sleep. Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL- 90-R) was used in order to study psychiatric symptoms and an anonymous demographic questionnaire was used to record personal information, filled by individuals. Software Spss17 with chi-square were used for statistical analysis procedure. Results: 30.7%(47cases) slept in north-south direction, 22.8%(35) in south north, 26.2%(40) in east west and 20.3%(31) in west east. Among PSQI sleep scales, there was a strong relationship between difficulties in falling asleep with geographical directions of sleep (p<0.001). No significant relationship between sleep directions and other scales has been found. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of sleep difficulties and strong relationship between geographical directions and quality of sleep. With respect to this study, sleep in north-south position can be advised to improve sleep quality and it necessary in order to maintain sleep hygiene.

scholarly journals Sleep disturbance: a potential target to improve symptoms and quality of life in those living with psychosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Boland ◽  
P. Gallagher ◽  
M. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Sleep has been shown to impact on both physical and mental health, and sleep problems present a considerable burden for individuals and society. There appears to be a complex bidirectional relationship between sleep disturbance and psychiatric symptoms, each potentially influencing the other. In particular, sleep disorders have been associated with more severe symptoms and are predictive of relapse in those with psychotic disorders. This article discusses the relationship between psychosis and insomnia, sleep apnoea, nightmares, circadian rhythm abnormalities and the impact of medications on these relationships. We also discuss the clinical implications of the relationship between sleep disturbance and psychotic disorders along with potential targets for intervention.

Discrepancies between self- and other-report of psychiatric symptomatology: Effects of dismissing attachment strategies

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Dozier ◽  
Spring W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Case Managers ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Psychopathological Disorders ◽  
Expert Ratings ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between psychiatric symptomatology and the representations of attachment relationships held by adults with serious psychopathological disorders. Psychiatric symtomatology was assessed by self-report and three sets of expert ratings. Seventy-six persons with serious psychopathological disorders were included as participants. As expected, persons relying on hyperactivating strategies of attachment reported generally more psychiatric symptoms than did those relying on deactivating strategies of attachment. However, the three sets of experts rated persons relying on deactivating strategies as more symptomatic than others. More specifically, interviewers who conducted Quality of Life Interviews rated dismissing subjects as exhibiting looser thinking than others. Interviewers who conducted Attachment Interviews rated dismissing subjects as experiencing more delusions, hallucinations, and suspiciousness, and case managers rated dismissing subjects as generally more psychotic. These findings suggest that, although greater preoccupation with attachment issues is associated with more acknowledgment of distress generally and symptoms specifically, greater reliance on deactivating strategies may be associated with greater symptomatology observed by others.

scholarly journals The relationship between genotype, psychiatric symptoms and quality of life in adult patients with sickle cell disease in São Paulo, Brazil: a cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Érika Bergamini Mastandréa ◽  
Fátima Lucchesi ◽  
Marcela Mayumi Gomes Kitayama ◽  
Maria Stella Figueiredo ◽  
Vanessa de Albuquerque Citero
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Role Physical ◽  
The Relationship

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) may be worsened in sickle cell patients due to the presence of psychiatric disorders. The aims of this study were to describe the psychiatric symptoms in Brazilian sickle cell patients and to evaluate the relationship of these symptoms to the genotype of the disease and the subject's HRQoL. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted at the hematology outpatient clinic, Hospital São Paulo. METHODS: Adult patients with sickle cell disease completed the Medical Outcome Study - Short Form 36 and the Patients' Health Questionnaire. Clinical data were gathered from their medical files. Linear regression models were developed to study the dependency of HRQoL domains on the genotype controlling for psychiatric symptoms. RESULTS: In the study period, 110 patients were evaluated. The most frequent psychiatric symptom was depression (30%), followed by anxiety (12.7%) and alcohol abuse (9.1%). Patients with the more severe genotype (SS and Sβthal0) showed lower scores for the "general health" and "role-physical" HRQoL domains, without interference from psychiatric symptoms. In the "role-physical" domain, the more severe genotype operated as a protective factor for HRQoL (β = 0.255; P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: The more severe genotypes worsened HRQoL in two domains of physical health (general health and role-physical), but they did not have any influence on mental health, thus suggesting that physicians should be more attentive to aspects of HRQoL relating to the functionality of sickle cell disease patients, so as to be aware of the limitations that these patient live with.

Jealousy: A Community Study

1994 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Mullen ◽  
J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Community Study ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Sexual Jealousy ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Romantic Attachments ◽  
The Relationship

This study represents the first attempt to study sexual jealousy in a random community sample. Jealousy was reported by all subjects. Men, when jealous, were particularly concerned about the potential loss of the partner, whereas women were more concerned with the effects of infidelity on the quality of the relationship. Behaviours such as searching the partner's belongings or inspecting their clothes for signs of sexual activity correlated with unusually intense jealousy. Men tended to cope with jealousy by using denial and avoidance, whereas women were more likely to express their distress and to try to make themselves more attractive to their erring partner. Greater jealousy concerns were expressed by young men who had either married early or were now living without a partner. Heavy drinkers and those reporting more psychiatric symptoms were also more prone to jealousy. A clear correlation emerged between lowered self-esteem and increased jealousy, which was particularly marked in women, for whom robust self-esteem was virtually incompatible with high jealousy concerns. The study supported the prosaic notion that those who are satisfied with their romantic attachments are less prone to jealous suspicions. This study offers a starting point for the clinician seeking information about the experience of jealousy in the community.

Elaborating the AAIDD Public Policy Framework

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rud Turnbull ◽  
Matthew J. Stowe
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The AAIDD's 11th edition of Intellectual Disability: Definition, Classification, and Systems of Support describes a framework for understanding the relationship between public policy and practice. The framework incorporates three inputs into public policy and practice affecting quality-of-life outcomes for individuals and families, society, and systems. The inputs are social factors, the core concepts of disability policy, and changing conceptualizations of disability. We accept the framework's basic premises, but we propose amendments to make the framework more useful for its stated purposes of elaborating on the “context” (Schalock et al., 2010, p. 17) that affects people with intellectual disability and “promot[ing] changes in public policy that will lead to the achievement of desired policy outcomes” (Schalock et al., 2010, p. 171).

The Relationship Between Interoception and Metacognition

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Meessen ◽  
Verena Mainz ◽  
Siegfried Gauggel ◽  
Eftychia Volz-Sidiropoulou ◽  
Stefan Sütterlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Metacognitive Awareness ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Heartbeat Perception ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Recently, Garfinkel and Critchley (2013) proposed to distinguish between three facets of interoception: interoceptive sensibility, interoceptive accuracy, and interoceptive awareness. This pilot study investigated how these facets interrelate to each other and whether interoceptive awareness is related to the metacognitive awareness of memory performance. A sample of 24 healthy students completed a heartbeat perception task (HPT) and a memory task. Judgments of confidence were requested for each task. Participants filled in questionnaires assessing interoceptive sensibility, depression, anxiety, and socio-demographic characteristics. The three facets of interoception were found to be uncorrelated and interoceptive awareness was not related to metacognitive awareness of memory performance. Whereas memory performance was significantly related to metamemory awareness, interoceptive accuracy (HPT) and interoceptive awareness were not correlated. Results suggest that future research on interoception should assess all facets of interoception in order to capture the multifaceted quality of the construct.

The relationship between optimism, personal control and quality of life of patients with COPD

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Arnold ◽  
A. V. Ranchor ◽  
N. H. T. ten Hacken ◽  
G. H. Koeter ◽  
V. Otten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
The Relationship
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document