Association between Cardiac Outcomes and Indoxyl Sulfate Levels in Hemodialysis Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Objective Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a protein-bound uremic toxin that is associated with cardiovascular events and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, the factors affecting the levels of IS are currently unclear. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing serum IS concentrations in HD patients. Methods We included 100 HD patients from Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital. Baseline characteristics, including sex, age, clinical features, duration of HD, echocardiography findings, electrocardiogram results, and biochemical indicators, were collected and analyzed in relation to serum total-form IS levels. Results Among all 100 patients, serum IS levels were significantly higher in patients aged ≥ 60 years, males, and patients with mitral regurgitation and inadequate dialysis. Among patients aged < 60 years, IS levels were significantly higher among patients with mitral regurgitation compared with those without. Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis identified sex, age, ventricular septal thickness, and mitral regurgitation as factors independently associated with serum IS (STDβ = −0.475, 0.162, −0.153, 0.142, and 0.136, respectively; all P < 0.05) adjusted for body mass index, smoking, and fasting plasma glucose. Conclusions Male sex, age ≥ 60 years, ventricular septal thickness, and mitral regurgitation are factors associated with high total serum IS concentrations in Chinese HD patients. Elevated IS levels may play a role in the process of mitral regurgitation in HD patients < 60 years old.

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Effects of Just Culture and Empowerment on Patient Safety Activities of Hospital Nurses

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9101324 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1324

Author(s):

Bo Bae Kim ◽

Soyoung Yu

Keyword(s):

Patient Safety ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Self Report ◽

Hospital Nurses ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Just Culture ◽

Nurses Perceptions

This study investigated the relationship among hospital nurses’ perceptions of a just culture, empowerment, and patient safety activities. It also determined the factors affecting the patient safety activities of nurses. This cross-sectional study included 189 nurses from four hospitals in South Korea. The survey was conducted from October to December 2019 using self-report questionnaires including items on socio-demographic characteristics, just culture, empowerment, and patient safety activities. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 25.0. Patient safety activities correlated positively with just culture (r = 0.369, p < 0.000) and empowerment (r = 0.38, p < 0.000). Additionally, empowerment (β = 0.213, p = 0.001) and just culture (β = 0.442, p < 0.000) had statistically significant effects on patient safety activities and explained about 19.5% of the variance in patient safety activities (F = 16.170, p < 0.001). The patient safety at medical institutions can be improved by cultivating a work environment that embraces a just culture and empowers nurses.

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Factors affecting burden of main caregivers in children with epilepsy

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.193 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S130-S131

Author(s):

M.D. Kim ◽

B.H. Yoon ◽

D.I. Jon ◽

K. Lee ◽

Y.J. Kwon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Multiple Linear Regression ◽

Caregiver Burden ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting

ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to evaluate burden of main caregivers in children with epilepsy and to identify factors associated with caregiver burden.MethodMain caregivers of pediatric patients with epilepsy were enrolled four general hospitals in several cities of Korea. One hundred and twenty-fou caregivers of patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Sociodemograhic/clinical characteristics of patients and sociodemographic characteristics of caregivers were collected. The caregivers were assessed using the Korean version Zarit burden Interview (ZBI), Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale (CES-D) and social support/conflict scale. Multiple linear regression methods were used to evaluate factors contributing to burden of caregivers.ResultsOf the 124 participants, 98(81.7%) were the mothers. The mean score on the ZBI and CES-D were 23.66 (± 19.15) and 13.87 (± 12.95) points, respectively. Factors affecting of caregiver burden were the number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), which patients are taking, and CES-D score by multiple linear regression analysis.ConclusionsHigher number of AEDs prescribed and depression of caregivers are main factors contributing to burden of caregivers in children with epilepsy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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The Clinical Investigation of Disparity of Utility Values Associated with Gallstone Disease: A Pilot Study

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2013/216957 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chung-Te Hsu ◽

Yi Liao ◽

Jorn-Hon Liu ◽

Tao-Hsin Tung

Keyword(s):

Clinical Investigation ◽

Gallstone Disease ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Older Age ◽

Outpatient Clinics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Utility Values ◽

Utility Evaluation

Purpose. The utility evaluation was an effective method to incorporate all of the contributing variables for multiple diseases into one outcome measure. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the utility values associated with varying states of gallstone disease among outpatient clinics participants at a teaching hospital in Taipei, Taiwan.Methods. The utility values were measured by using time trade-off method. A total of 120 outpatient clinics participants (30 subjects with no gallstone disease, 30 subjects with single stone, 30 subjects with multiple stones, and 30 subjects with cholecystectomy) evaluated utility values from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2006. The diagnosis of gallstone disease was performed by a panel of specialists using ultrasound sonography.Results. The overall mean utility value was0.89±0.13(95% CI: 0.87–0.91) indicating that study participants were willing to trade about 11% (95% CI: 9–13%) of their remaining life in return for being free of gallstone disease perpetually. The significant associated factors of utility values based on the multiple linear regression analysis were older age and different degrees of gallstone disease.Conclusion. Our results found that in addition to older age, multiple stones and cholecystectomy could influence utility values from the patient’s preference-based viewpoint.

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Analysis of Corneal Spherical Aberrations in Chinese Bilateral Ectopia Lentis Patients

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.736686 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jiahui Chen ◽

Yating Tang ◽

Qinghe Jing ◽

Yi Lu ◽

Yongxiang Jiang

Keyword(s):

Spherical Aberration ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Individual Measurement ◽

Ectopia Lentis ◽

Corneal Asphericity ◽

Optical Zone ◽

Anterior Posterior

Purpose: To analyze the anterior, posterior, and total corneal spherical aberrations (ASA, PSA, and TSA) in patients with Chinese bilateral ectopia lentis (EL).Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate corneal spherical aberration (CSA) using a Pentacam system at the 6-mm optical zone. Axial length, keratometry, astigmatism, and corneal asphericity were also determined.Results: This study included 247 patients (420 eyes) with a mean age of 18.1 years. The values of ASA, PSA, and TSA were 0.136 ± 0.100 μm, −0.118 ± 0.030 μm, and 0.095 ± 0.095 μm, respectively. In the EL patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS), ASA and TSA were significantly lower than in the non-MFS patients (0.126 ± 0.094 μm vs. 0.155 ± 0.107 μm, P = 0.004 for ASA; 0.085 ± 0.091 μm vs. 0.114 ± 0.099 μm, P = 0.003 for TSA), whereas PSA was not significantly different (P = 0.061). The values of ASA and TSA were significantly higher in the patients with EL aged ≥ 40 years old than in younger patients, whereas ASA and PSA were lower in patients aged <10 years old than in older patients (all P < 0.05). In the multiple linear regression analysis, age, keratometry, astigmatism, anterior asphericity, higher-order aberration (HOA), and lower-order aberration (LOA) were positively or negatively correlated with TSA in the patients with EL (r = 0.681, P < 0.001).Conclusions: Corneal spherical aberration was low in the patients with EL especially for MFS and tended to increase with aging. Preoperatively, individual measurement of CSA was necessary for bilateral EL patients with MFS.

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Association of Salivary Statherin, Calcium, and Proline-Rich Proteins on Oral Hygiene: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2021/1982083 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Deepak Gowda Sadashivappa Pateel ◽

Shilpa Gunjal ◽

Liew Fong Fong ◽

Nur Sulwana Mohd Hanapi

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

Background. Saliva, as a complex biofluid, plays a pivotal role in maintaining oral health and tooth integrity. There has been inconsistent data available on the relationship between salivary parameters and oral health. This study aims to investigate the association between salivary statherin, acidic proline-rich proteins (aPRP), and calcium with oral hygiene status. Methods. One hundred and eighty-eight healthy subjects aged between 18 and 50 years with varying oral hygiene status who gave consent to participate were included in this cross-sectional study. The subjects were recruited from primary oral health care of MAHSA University. Oral hygiene of all the participants was measured using Oral Hygiene Index–Simplified (OHI-S). Stimulated saliva collected using paraffin wax was analyzed for salivary statherin, aPRP, and calcium. The relationship between salivary statherin, aPRP, and calcium levels with OHI-S was assessed using Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficient; the strength of relationship was assessed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results. The study found a weak positive correlation (r = 0.179, p = 0.014) between salivary statherin and OHI-S; weak negative correlation (r = −0.187, p = 0.010) between salivary aPRP and OHI-S; and moderate negative correlation between salivary statherin and salivary aPRP levels (r = −0.50, p < 0.001) which were statistically significant. Conclusion. Poor oral hygiene is associated with increased statherin and reduced aPRP levels in saliva. Thus, these salivary components may have a role in predicting oral hygiene status.

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Difficulties Imposed on the Parent–Child Relationship Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Family Issues ◽

10.1177/0192513x211067527 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0192513X2110675

Author(s):

Iraklis Grigoropoulos

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Predictor Variables ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Parent Child Relationship ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Child Relationship ◽

Family Level ◽

Parent Child

The present study tested whether emotionally burdened parents due to the COVID-19 pandemic might appraise their relationship with their children more negatively. The current cross-sectional study was circulated through social media. A total of 265 respondents took part in the study. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between predictor variables and the parent–child relationship. This study’s results report that older fathers with higher levels of COVID-19 related fear are more likely to appraise negatively their relationship with their children. Therefore, this study suggests the need for family-level strategies to address better the psychological aspects related to the pandemic outbreak.

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Screening for caregiver psychosocial risk in children with medical complexity: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Paediatrics Open ◽

10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000671 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. e000671

Author(s):

Rahul Verma ◽

Yasna Mehdian ◽

Neel Sheth ◽

Kathy Netten ◽

Jean Vinette ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Caregivers ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Psychosocial Risk ◽

Intermediate Risk ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Children With Medical Complexity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical Complexity

ObjectiveTo quantify psychosocial risk in family caregivers of children with medical complexity using the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) and to investigate potential contributing sociodemographic factors.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingFamily caregivers completed questionnaires during long-term ventilation and complex care clinic visits at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.PatientsA total of 136 family caregivers of children with medical complexity completed the PAT questionnaires from 30 June 2017 through 23 August 2017.Main outcome measuresMean PAT scores in family caregivers of children with medical complexity. Caregivers were stratified as ‘Universal’ low risk, ‘Targeted’ intermediate risk or ‘Clinical’ high risk. The effect of sociodemographic variables on overall PAT scores was also examined using multiple linear regression analysis. Comparisons with previous paediatric studies were made using T-test statistics.Results136 (103 females (76%)) family caregivers completed the study. Mean PAT score was 1.17 (SD=0.74), indicative of ‘Targeted’ intermediate risk. Sixty-one (45%) caregivers were classified as Universal risk, 60 (44%) as Targeted risk and 15 (11%) as Clinical risk. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed an overall significant model (p=0.04); however, no particular sociodemographic factor was a significant predictor of total PAT scores.ConclusionFamily caregivers of children with medical complexity report PAT scores among the highest of all previously studied paediatric populations. These caregivers experience significant psychosocial risk, demonstrated by larger proportions of caregivers in the highest-risk Clinical category.

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Do aggregates of multiple questions better capture overall fish consumption than summary questions?

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980007000468 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 196-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kym Mina ◽

Lin Fritschi ◽

Matthew Knuiman

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Fish Consumption ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fresh Fish ◽

Fresh Frozen

AbstractObjectiveTo compare intake estimates, validity and reliability of two summary questions to measure fish consumption with information from a detailed semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) on fish consumption.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional study. Participants completed an FFQ and provided blood samples for erythrocyte membrane eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) analysis. Aggregate measures of consumption of fresh/frozen/canned fish (fresh fish) and smoked/salted/dried fish (preserved fish) were generated from the FFQ and were compared with responses to the summary questions regarding intakes of similar items. Both methods were tested for validity, using correlation and linear regression techniques with EPA, and retest reliability.SettingPerth metropolitan area, Western Australia.SubjectsOne hundred and nine healthy volunteers of both sexes, aged 21–75 years.ResultsThe summary fresh fish measure underestimated frequency and grams per week given by the aggregate question by about 50%, while estimates from the summary preserved fish measure were approximately three times that of the aggregate measure. Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that the aggregates accounted for more of the variation in EPA levels, but the difference was minimal. Intra-class correlations confirmed that both methods were reliable.ConclusionsOur study indicates that extensive questioning results in different absolute intakes of fish compared with brief questioning, but does not add any information if ranking individuals according to overall consumption of fish.

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Knowledge and Practices during the COVID-19 Outbreak in the Middle East: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094699 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4699

Author(s):

Abdallah Y. Naser ◽

Eman Zmaily Dahmash ◽

Zahra Khalil Alsairafi ◽

Hassan Alwafi ◽

Hamad Alyami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Disease Transmission ◽

Online Survey ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Scale Scores

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of the general public in the Middle Eastern countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted between the 19th of March and the 6th of April 2020 in three Middle Eastern countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait) to explore the knowledge and practices of the Middle Eastern population regarding COVID-19. A previously developed questionnaire was adapted and used for this study. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of COVID-19 knowledge. Results: A total of 1208 participants (members of the public) participated from the three countries (Jordan = 389, Saudi Arabia = 433, and Kuwait = 386). The majority of participants (n = 810, 67.2%) were females aged 30 to 49 years (n = 501, 41.5%). Participants had moderate overall COVID-19 knowledge, with a mean (SD) score of 7.93 (±1.72) out of 12 (66.1%). Participants had better knowledge about disease prevention and control (83.0%), whereas the lowest sub-scale scores were for questions about disease transmission routes (43.3%). High education level was an important predictor of greater COVID-19 knowledge scores (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Further public education is needed to address the relatively low level of education regarding the transmission of COVID-19 in the Middle Eastern countries. Policymakers are recommended to develop informative COVID-19 related campaigns that specifically target young people (university students), unemployed individuals, and those with lower levels of education.

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Fatigue in patients with epilepsy and its association with depression and sleep quality

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0004-282x20130075 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 71 (8) ◽

pp. 533-536 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Gisele S. M. Leite Neves ◽

Marleide da Mota Gomes

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Daytime Sleepiness ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tertiary Center ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Patients With Epilepsy

OBJECTIVE: It was to evaluate the relationships between fatigue and excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep quality, depression and anxiety. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study on 98 unselected adult patients with epilepsy (PWE) at a tertiary center. It used clinical-sociodemographic characteristics, fatigue measured by the SF-36 vitality subscale (VsSF-36) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. RESULTS: We observed that our patients presented vitality or fatigue similar to drivers with chronic headaches evaluated in the same city. Fatigue was related to depression, anxiety and sleep quality, but not to daytime sleepiness. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted and we observed that fatigue was independently correlated with depression and quality of sleep. However, no significant difference was observed regarding seizure frequency or number of antiepileptic drugs. CONCLUSION: Fatigue needs to be studied more in PWE, and its risk factors need to be controlled, along with sleep quality and psychiatric disorders.

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