Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Ethnicity, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes of Adults in Urban Populations of Central America

<table width="593" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2" valign="top" width="387">The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the impact of ethnicity and obesity as it relates to Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) in specific Central American countries. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the association of ethnicity, obesity, and T2D. Four studies that qualified for inclusion were identified by searching MEDLINE and PubMed databases. The studies on the association of ethnicity and T2D had a combined population resulted in 265,858 study participants. Two studies on the association of obesity and T2D had 197,899 participants. An analysis of the data was conducted utilizing the relative risk ration, odds ratio, and forest plots. The comparison of the relative risk of T2D across ethnic categories by studies range for Blacks was 1.59 to 2.74, Asians was 1.43 to 2.08, and Hispanics .92 to 2.91. The ethnic difference in the prevalence of diabetes was almost two-fold higher in all ethnic groups than among the Caucasians with a significance level of 95%. A comparison of relative risk of T2D across weight categories was significantly higher among those with a diagnosed of diabetes in all reported areas. The odds ratio was very close to the risk ratio in both ethnicity and obesity to the development of T2D. The meta-analysis findings documented that an association does exist between ethnicity and obesity to the development of type 2 diabetes.</td><td width="0" height="85"> </td></tr><tr><td width="0" height="82"> </td></tr></tbody></table>

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Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Ethnicity, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes of Adults in Urban Populations of Central America

International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) ◽

10.11591/ijphs.v5i3.4796 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 274

Author(s):

William G Wuenstel ◽

James A. Johnson ◽

James Humphries ◽

Cheryl Samuel

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Central American ◽

Significance Level ◽

Study Participants ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the impact of ethnicity and obesity as it relates to Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) in specific Central American countries. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the association of ethnicity, obesity, and T2D. Four studies that qualified for inclusion were identified by searching MEDLINE and PubMed databases. The studies on the association of ethnicity and T2D had a combined population resulted in 265,858 study participants. Two studies on the association of obesity and T2D had 197,899 participants. An analysis of the data was conducted utilizing the relative risk ration, odds ratio, and forest plots. The comparison of the relative risk of T2D across ethnic categories by studies range for Blacks was 1.59 to 2.74, Asians was 1.43 to 2.08, and Hispanics .92 to 2.91. The ethnic difference in the prevalence of diabetes was almost two-fold higher in all ethnic groups than among the Caucasians with a significance level of 95%. A comparison of relative risk of T2D across weight categories was significantly higher among those with a diagnosed of diabetes in all reported areas. The odds ratio was very close to the risk ratio in both ethnicity and obesity to the development of T2D. The meta-analysis findings documented that an association does exist between ethnicity and obesity to the development of type 2 diabetes.

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Ethnicity, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes of Adults in Urban Populations of Central America

International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) ◽

10.11591/ijphs.v6i1.6529 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

William G Wuenstel ◽

James A. Johnson ◽

James Humphries ◽

Cheryl Samuel

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Ethnic Difference ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Central American ◽

Significance Level ◽

Study Participants ◽

The Impact

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the impact of ethnicity and obesity as it relates to Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) in specific Central American countries. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the association of ethnicity, obesity, and T2D. Four studies that qualified for inclusion were identified by searching MEDLINE and PubMed databases. The studies on the association of ethnicity and T2D had a combined population resulted in 265,858 study participants. Two studies on the association of obesity and T2D had 197,899 participants. An analysis of the data was conducted utilizing the relative risk ration, odds ratio, and forest plots. The comparison of the relative risk of T2D across ethnic categories by studies range for Blacks was 1.59 to 2.74, Asians was 1.43 to 2.08, and Hispanics .92 to 2.91. The ethnic difference in the prevalence of diabetes was almost two-fold higher in all ethnic groups than among the Caucasians with a significance level of 95%. A comparison of relative risk of T2D across weight categories was significantly higher among those with a diagnosed of diabetes in all reported areas. The odds ratio was very close to the risk ratio in both ethnicity and obesity to the development of T2D.The meta-analysis findings documented that an association does exist between ethnicity and obesity to the development of type 2 diabetes.

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Ethnicity, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes of Adults in Urban Populations of Central America

International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) ◽

10.11591/.v6i1.6529 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

William G Wuenstel ◽

James A. Johnson ◽

James Humphries ◽

Cheryl Samuel

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Ethnic Difference ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Central American ◽

Significance Level ◽

Study Participants ◽

The Impact

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the impact of ethnicity and obesity as it relates to Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) in specific Central American countries. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the association of ethnicity, obesity, and T2D. Four studies that qualified for inclusion were identified by searching MEDLINE and PubMed databases. The studies on the association of ethnicity and T2D had a combined population resulted in 265,858 study participants. Two studies on the association of obesity and T2D had 197,899 participants. An analysis of the data was conducted utilizing the relative risk ration, odds ratio, and forest plots. The comparison of the relative risk of T2D across ethnic categories by studies range for Blacks was 1.59 to 2.74, Asians was 1.43 to 2.08, and Hispanics .92 to 2.91. The ethnic difference in the prevalence of diabetes was almost two-fold higher in all ethnic groups than among the Caucasians with a significance level of 95%. A comparison of relative risk of T2D across weight categories was significantly higher among those with a diagnosed of diabetes in all reported areas. The odds ratio was very close to the risk ratio in both ethnicity and obesity to the development of T2D.The meta-analysis findings documented that an association does exist between ethnicity and obesity to the development of type 2 diabetes.

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Effect of metabolites levels on type 2 diabetes mellitus and glycemic traits: a Mendelian randomization study

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgab581 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yue Sun ◽

Ya-Ke Lu ◽

Hao-Yu Gao ◽

Yu-Xiang Yan

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Mendelian Randomization ◽

Causal Effect ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Significance Level ◽

Inverse Variance ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Objective To assess the causal associations of plasma levels of metabolites with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and glycemic traits. Methods Two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted to assess the causal associations. Genetic variants strongly associated with metabolites at genome-wide significance level (P < 5 × 10 −8) were selected from public GWAS, and SNPs of Outcomes were obtained from the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) consortium for T2DM and from the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium (MAGIC) for the fasting glucose, insulin and HbA1c. The Wald ratio and inverse-variance weighted methods were used for analyses, and MR-Egger was used for sensitivity analysis. Results The β estimates per 1 SD increasement of arachidonic acid (AA) level was 0.16 (95% CI: 0.078, 0.242; P<0.001). Genetic predisposition to higher plasma AA levels were associated with higher FG levels (β 0.10 [95%CI: 0.064, 0.134], P<0.001), higher HbA1c levels (β 0.04 [95%CI: 0.027, 0.061]) and lower FI levels (β -0.025 [95%CI: -0.047, -0.002], P=0.033). Besides, 2-hydroxybutyric acid (2-HBA) might have positive causal effect on glycemic traits. Conclusions Our findings suggest that AA and 2-HBA may have the causal associations on T2DM and glycemic traits. It is beneficial for clarifying the pathogenesis of T2DM, which would be valuable for early identification and prevention for T2DM.

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Microbiota, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: protocol of an observational study

Journal of Translational Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12967-019-02130-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Benedetta M. Motta ◽

Christoph Grander ◽

Martin Gögele ◽

Luisa Foco ◽

Vladimir Vukovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Liver Stiffness ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Study Participants ◽

The Relationship ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by triglyceride accumulation in the hepatocytes in the absence of alcohol overconsumption, commonly associated with insulin resistance and obesity. Both NAFLD and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are characterized by an altered microbiota composition, however the role of the microbiota in NAFLD and T2D is not well understood. To assess the relationship between alteration in the microbiota and NAFLD while dissecting the role of T2D, we established a nested study on T2D and non-T2D individuals within the Cooperative Health Research In South Tyrol (CHRIS) study, called the CHRIS-NAFLD study. Here, we present the study protocol along with baseline and follow-up characteristics of study participants. Methods Among the first 4979 CHRIS study participants, 227 individuals with T2D were identified and recalled, along with 227 age- and sex-matched non-T2D individuals. Participants underwent ultrasound and transient elastography examination to evaluate the presence of hepatic steatosis and liver stiffness. Additionally, sampling of saliva and faeces, biochemical measurements and clinical interviews were carried out. Results We recruited 173 T2D and 183 non-T2D participants (78% overall response rate). Hepatic steatosis was more common in T2D (63.7%) than non-T2D (36.3%) participants. T2D participants also had higher levels of liver stiffness (median 4.8 kPa, interquartile range (IQR) 3.7, 5.9) than non-T2D participants (median 3.9 kPa, IQR 3.3, 5.1). The non-invasive scoring systems like the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) suggests an increased liver fibrosis in T2D (mean − 0.55, standard deviation, SD, 1.30) than non-T2D participants (mean − 1.30, SD, 1.17). Discussion Given the comprehensive biochemical and clinical characterization of study participants, once the bioinformatics classification of the microbiota will be completed, the CHRIS-NAFLD study will become a useful resource to further our understanding of the relationship between microbiota, T2D and NAFLD.

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