scholarly journals Solar energy as a potential contributor to help bridge the gap between electricity supply and growing demand in Iraq: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Sulala Al-Hamadani
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Potential Contributor ◽  
To Come ◽  
Sustainable Electricity ◽  
Key Industries

<p><span>The pivotal role of electricity is as an enabler for every other sector in any economy. Adequate electricity supply is a vital input for the economic growth and in a range of key industries. Unfortunately, the electricity sector in Iraq has been an unsustainable fiscal burden on successive Iraqi governments yet it has not been able to meet the growing demand. Iraq’s electricity sector and government’s decision makers should look for a long-term solutions and strategies to meet the current and future demand, by taking important steps towards fostering a reliable, affordable, and sustainable electricity system in the years and decades to come. Also, Iraqi government and ministry of electricity in particular should understand that electricity is basic service and right of Iraqis, and many nations have overcome this kind of problem decades ago. Overcoming this problem will help refueling Iraqi economy and enable it to stand on its feet again. Renewable energy resources, and solar in particular could be part of the solution. This paper aims to highlight the importance of solar energy in Iraq as a potential contributor to help bridge the gap between electricity supply and growing demand. Also, it discusses the solar energy opportunities with challenges facing other renewable energy sources in Iraq.</span></p>

scholarly journals TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF AN OFF-GRID HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM WITH HOMER PRO

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Ahmet Erhan AKAN
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Economic Point

The decrease in fossil-based energy sources and increasing environmental problems increase the tendency to renewable energy sources day by day. The potential of renewable energy sources differs according to the region where the energy will be produced. For this reason, it is crucial to conduct a good feasibility study that deals with the selected systems from a technical and economic point of view before making an investment decision on energy conversion systems based on renewable energy sources. In this study, the most suitable equipment and capacities were investigated by examining the techno-economic analysis of a hybrid system created with wind-solar renewable energies for a detached house, which is considered off-grid, in a rural area of Tekirdağ province (40o58.7ı N, 27o30.7ı E). Investigations were carried out using the HOMER Pro (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable) program. The wind and solar energy potential of Tekirdağ province were obtained from the NASA renewable energy resources database added to the HOMER Pro program. The daily electricity requirement of the sample house was chosen as 11.27 kWh, and the current peak electrical load was chosen as 2.39 kW. A wind turbine is connected to the AC busbars, solar collectors and battery group connected to the DC busbars, and a converter that converts energy between AC and DC busbars in the energy conversion system. In order to determine the optimum capacities of the system elements, 27486 different simulations were performed by HOMER Pro. The selection of the most suitable system among these was determined according to the lowest net present cost (NPC) value. In addition, the energy production capacities that will occur in the case of different wind speeds were also investigated. Accordingly, the system to be installed with a solar panel with a capacity of 6.25 kW, PV-MPPT with a capacity of 1 kW, 2 wind turbines with a capacity of 1 kW, 8 Lithium-ion batteries with a capacity of 6V-167 Ah, and a converter with a capacity of 2.5 kW has been determined will generate electrical energy of 5433 kWh per year. In addition, it has been determined that 61.8% of this produced energy will be obtained from solar energy and 38.2% from wind energy, and the simple payback period of the investment will be 14 years. It is thought that this study will provide valuable information to researchers and investors.

scholarly journals Towards Zero-Energy Housing in Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Hala Abdelmoez Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Zero Energy

As the Egyptian population is increasing at a huge rate, the yearly housing demand is increasing in an equivalent rate. In addition, the whole world is suffering from an energy crises caused by the rapidly increasing consumption of world’s traditional energy resources, so the obvious solution is to go green, and depend much more on renewable energy resources. According to the statistical data available in Egyptian governmental authorities, the accumulated housing demand till 2014 was about 2,400,000 units. On the other hand, the yearly housing supply from private and public sectors is about 150,000 to 200,000 unit, Egyptian authorities declared that at summer 2010 air-conditioning devices increased to reach 3.000.000 ( three million) devices all over Egypt, mostly working from early mornings till 2 am next day to adjust temperatures that reach up to (45C) and more outside buildings to reach (25 C) or less inside. This behavior increased electricity consumption rapidly. Consequently, the electricity consumption rate in Egypt had increased by 13% more than 2009, which exceeds the maximum capacity power of the high dam by 7% to 8%, ministry of electricity announcements declared that to fill that gab we need 3000 megawatts at peak hours which costs the electricity sector up to 16.000.000.000 l.E. Accordingly, a new architectural design concept is proposed (Zero-Energy Housing Unit) to rely on the surrounding environmental conditions and new Green Architecture Techniques in order to provide human comfort based on renewable energy sources, provided that the common current governmental energy sources will be a backup system for the meanwhile.

scholarly journals Estimated View of Renewable Resources as a Sustainable Electrical Energy Source, Case Study

Designs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Heyam Al-Najjar ◽  
Christoph Pfeifer ◽  
Rafat Al Afif ◽  
Hala J. El-Khozondar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Coastal Waves

Renewable energy resources for energy generation in the Gaza Strip (GS) emerge as a complementary resource, not only to meet the need of society for energy in various forms, but also to find available, sustainably, and less costly resources for institutions as with individuals. These resources could provide safety in use, increase energy security, and address environmental concerns. This work aimed to assess the renewable energy potential in the GS, which has few natural resources and a real crisis in energy supply. Therefore, an integrated evaluation methodology is assumed for renewable energy potential; the methodology comprises mathematical as well as software programming to assess the renewable energy. The results reveal the assessment of the existing four renewable energy sources: solar, wind, wave, and biomass. The estimations exhibit that the solar and biomass resources are dominant. The methodology consists of mathematical models for calculating the energy outputs from different resources in the study area. ArcGIS 10.1 software used for calculating solar radiation, WindSim 9.0.0 software for estimating wind energy and OpenWEC software tool for evaluating the force stored in coastal waves. The potential of each energy and the integration of all are depicted in individual maps by ArcGIS. It was found that if anaerobic digestion technology is applied, 65.15 MW electric power could be produced from about one-and a third million tons/year of biomass. Depending on the available statistical data due to the specified annual time period and the household electric demand that is about 120 MW at the corresponding time, this means that the energy from biomass can cover more than half of the demand. In addition, solar energy potentials were estimated to reach 1195 GWh/year. Therefore, the existing power may be replaced by biomass and solar energy. It also demonstrates that the energy potential maps can be used as metrics for possible sustainability projects in the GS.

An Improved Strategy for High-Efficiency Multistage PV Module Using MPPT Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 3297-3303
Author(s):  
Rahul Tiwary
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Grid Current ◽  
Pv Module

Renewable energy supplies are renewable energy sources that are of great benefit to the world today. Among the most commonly used renewable energy resources, solar energy is used to produce electricity, clean water supplies, respectively in every area of our lives. Photovoltaic cell transforms solar energy into electricity type, which includes solar cells. Some MPPT systems have been suggested to obtain optimum efficiency out of this system under different weather conditions. For an efficient operation and power extracted from a PV module, an MPPT is necessary. To improve the accuracy of the Solar Panel, a variety of approaches are used, the most common of which is MPPT or P&O. The basic goal of full power point tracking is to interpret the voltage and current from the solar panel, measure the power, and then display the power to its limit. Multi-stage DC-DC converter manages MPPT, and PWM controls grid current from Inverter. The inverter circuit provides all the activities in a single phase that involve MPPT and grid current power. In this proposed work, the DC / AC converter will be intended to ensure the system's safe interconnection and procedure and to retain the utility grid's power quality, so both MPPT techniques will be analyzed, established and contrasted via a converter to convert the highest energy from PV to the grid.

scholarly journals Solar Charging Station for Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 316-325
Author(s):  
Bugatha Ram Vara Prasad ◽  
T. Deepthi ◽  
N. Satyavathi ◽  
V. Satish Varma ◽  
R. Hema Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Solar Powered

This paper describes design of solar powered charging station for charging of electric vehicle that solves the key downside of fuel and pollution. While EV charging has traditionally been grid-based, use of solar powered chargers has emerged as an interesting opportunity. As worlds resources are diminishing, government agencies and non-government organization are pushing greener solution through the use of renewable energy sources. In order to reduce the pollution through the motor vehicles, there is a large scope of increase in electric vehicles all over the world. To run the electric vehicle the fuel required is the electricity which can be storable through the use of solar energy. Electric vehicles that run on the Electric vehicle smart charging station which is the promising alternative and environmentally sustainable solution to meet up the energy crisis. This paper investigates the possibility of charging the battery of electric vehicles at a various working place like offices, colleges, hospitals, universities etc in India using solar energy. In this paper, the charging station successfully developed as desired features for electric vehicle from renewable energy resources with solar panel, solar charge controller, batteries storage and DC-DC converter. A laboratory-scale experimental prototype was also developed, and the performance of the proposed charging station was investigated.

scholarly journals Using Biofuels for Highly Renewable Electricity Systems: A Case Study of the Jatropha curcas

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 3028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Procházka ◽  
Luboš Smutka ◽  
Vladimír Hönig
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Electricity Systems

Recent movements for the decarbonization of the electricity sector have become a priority for many countries around the world and will inevitably lead to the sharp decline of fossil-fuel-based energy. Energy from fossil fuels is to be replaced by renewable energy sources (RES), although the transition will neither be cheap nor smooth. One sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels and which will take a considerable share in the increasing supply of renewable energy resources is biofuels. There are various types of biofuels used in practice; however, biodiesels represent one of the most popular and widespread ones. This paper focuses as a case study on the byproducts of Jatropha curcas, a crop and a plant that is already used for biofuel production and which is subsequently employed in electricity generation in Jatropha curcas producing regions. This paper identifies the limitations and prospects of Jatropha curcas utilization. Also, Jatropha curcas is compared to other materials suitable for biomass generation. An economic analysis for a 2 MW biofuel powerplant was conducted incorporating various market-related risks. The study shows that at current prices, net profitability can be achieved using Jatropha curcas byproducts for producing electricity.

scholarly journals Portfolio optimization of power plants by using renewable energy in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Asra Ahmadi ◽  
Seyed Mojtaba Mirlohi ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi ◽  
Majid Ameri
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Portfolio Optimization ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Capital Costs

Abstract Lack of investment in the electricity sector has created a huge bottleneck in the continuous flow of energy in the market, and this will create many problems for the sustainable growth and development of modern society. The main reason for this lack of investment is the investment risk in the electricity sector. One way to reduce portfolio risk is to diversify it. This study applies the concept of portfolio optimization to demonstrate the potential for greater use of renewable energy, which reduces the risk of investing in the electricity sector. Besides, it shows that investing in renewable energies can offset the risk associated with the total input costs. These costs stem from the volatility of associated prices, including fossil fuel, capital costs, maintenance, operation and environmental costs. This case study shows that Iran can theoretically supply ~33% of its electricity demand from renewable energy sources compared to its current 15% share. This case study confirms this finding and predicts that Iran, while reducing the risk of investing in electricity supply, can achieve a renewable energy supply of ~9% with an average increase in supply costs. Sensitivity analysis further shows that with a 10% change in input cost factors, the percentage of renewable energy supply is only partially affected, but basket costs change according to the scenario of 5–32%. Finally, suggestions are made that minimize risk rather than cost, which will bring about an increase in renewable energy supply.

scholarly journals Scalable Multiport Converter Structure for Easy Grid Integration of Alternate Energy Sources for Generation of Isolated Voltage Sources for MMC

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 1779
Author(s):  
Syed Rahman ◽  
Irfan Khan ◽  
Khaliqur Rahman ◽  
Sattam Al Otaibi ◽  
Hend I. Alkhammash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Multiport Converter ◽  
Detailed Simulation ◽  
The Individual

This paper presents a novel, scalable, and modular multiport power electronic topology for the integration of multiple resources. This converter is not only scalable in terms of the integration of multiple renewable energy resources (RES) and storage devices (SDs) but is also scalable in terms of output ports. Multiple dc outputs of a converter are designed to serve as input to the stacking modules (SMs) of the modular multilevel converter (MMC). The proposed multiport converter is bidirectional in nature and superior in terms of functionality in a way that a modular universal converter is responsible for the integration of multiple RES/SDs and regulates multiple dc output ports for SMs of MMC. All input ports can be easily integrated (and controlled), and output ports also can be controlled independently in response to any load variations. An isolated active half-bridge converter with multiple secondaries acts as a central hub for power processing with multiple renewable energy resources that are integrated at the primary side. To verify the proposed converter, a detailed design of the converter-based system is presented along with the proposed control algorithm for managing power on the individual component level. Additionally, different modes of power management (emulating the availability/variability of renewable energy sources (RES)) are exhibited and analyzed here. Finally, detailed simulation results are presented in detail for the validation of the proposed concepts and design process.

scholarly journals Emergence of blockchain-technology application in peer-to-peer electrical-energy trading: a review

Clean Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-123
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar Thukral
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Trading ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Common

Abstract Renewable-energy resources require overwhelming adoption by the common masses for safeguarding the environment from pollution. In this context, the prosumer is an important emerging concept. A prosumer in simple terms is the one who consumes as well as produces electricity and sells it either to the grid or to a neighbour. In the present scenario, peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is gaining momentum as a new vista of research that is viewed as a possible way for prosumers to sell energy to neighbours. Enabling P2P energy trading is the only method of making renewable-energy sources popular among the common masses. For making P2P energy trading successful, blockchain technology is sparking considerable interest among researchers. Combined with smart contracts, a blockchain provides secure tamper-proof records of transactions that are recorded in distributed ledgers that are immutable. This paper explores, using a thorough review of recently published research work, how the existing power sector is reshaping in the direction of P2P energy trading with the application of blockchain technology. Various challenges that are being faced by researchers in the implementation of blockchain technology in the energy sector are discussed. Further, this paper presents different start-ups that have emerged in the energy-sector domain that are using blockchain technology. To give insight into the application of blockchain technology in the energy sector, a case of the application of blockchain technology in P2P trading in electrical-vehicle charging is discussed. At the end, some possible areas of research in the application of blockchain technology in the energy sector are discussed.

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