Investigation of HAPs Propagation Channel for Wireless Access in a Tropical Region at Ka-Band

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1204
Author(s):  
Felix Obite ◽  
Jafri Din ◽  
Kamaludin Mohammad Yusof ◽  
Basliza M. Noor
Keyword(s):  
Fading Channels ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Rain Attenuation ◽  
Wireless Access ◽  
Rician Fading ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Propagation Channel ◽  
Ka Band ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Budget Analysis

<p>In the last few years, High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) have attracted considerable effort due to their ability to exploit the advantages of satellite and terrestrial-based systems. Rain attenuation is the most dominant atmospheric impairment, especially at such frequency band. This paper addresses the modelling of rain attenuation and describes a propagation channel model for HAPs at Ka-band to provide efficient and robust wireless access for tropical regions. The attenuation due to rain is modeled based on three years measured data for Johor Bahru to estimate the actual effect of rain on signals at Ka band. The radio propagation channel is usually characterized as a random multipath channel. Specifically, a statistical derivation of probability distribution function for Rayleigh and Rician fading channels are presented. The model consists of multiple path scattering effects, time dispersion, and Doppler shifts acting on the HAPs communication link. Simulation results represent the fading signal level variations. Results show perfect agreement between simulation and theoretical, thereby conforming to the multipath structures. The information obtained will be useful to system engineers for HAPs link budget analysis in order to obtain the required fade margin for optimal system performance in tropical regions.</p>

Analysis of Selected Earth-Space Rain Attenuation Models for a Tropical Station

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. O. Yussuff
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Rain Attenuation ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Earth Space ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Link Budget ◽  
Attenuation Models

The restrained use of millimeter bands is due to severe rain attenuation. Attenuation is caused when rain cells intersects radio wave’s propagation path; resulting in deep fades. The effect of rainfall is more severe in tropical regions characterized by heavy rainfall intensity and large raindrops; hence, rain attenuation analyses are essential to study rain fade characteristics for use in earth-space link budget analysis, for outage prediction resulting from rain attenuation. Tropical regions are particularly challenged with signal outage, necessitating the formulation and development of suitable prediction model(s) for the region. Therefore, extensive knowledge of the propagation phenomena mitigating system availability and signal quality in these bands are required. Daily rainfall data were collected from the Nigerian Meteorological Services for Lagos for spanning January to December 2010. Results showed that although, the ITU-R model out-performed the other prediction models under consideration, none of prediction models matched the measurement data.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Ka-Band Rain Attenuation for Satellite Communication in Tropical Regions Through a Measurement of Multiple Antenna Sizes

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 18007-18018 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kalaivaanan ◽  
Aduwati Sali ◽  
Raja Syamsul Azmir Raja Abdullah ◽  
Syamsuri Yaakob ◽  
Mandeep Jit Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Rain Attenuation ◽  
Multiple Antenna ◽  
Ka Band ◽  
Tropical Regions

Performance Analysis of Multi-Hop Multi-Branch Amplify-and-Forward Cooperative Communication Over Rician Fading Channels

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (09) ◽  
pp. 2050148
Author(s):  
Hadi Fathollahi ◽  
Mohammad H. Madani
Keyword(s):  
Fading Channels ◽  
Cooperative Communication ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Asymptotic Expression ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Moment Generating Function ◽  
Maximal Ratio Combining ◽  
Rician Fading ◽  
Amplify And Forward ◽  
Rician Fading Channels

Performance of multi-hop multi-branch amplify and forward (AF) cooperative communication over Rician fading channels is presented in this paper by a novel analysis method. Rician distribution is used to analyze the system because this channel model is useful in aerospace wireless communication channels. We derive an asymptotic expression for the statistics of the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the system under study with well-known moment-generating function (MGF)-based approach with maximal ratio combining (MRC) scheme. Moreover, for comparative analysis in different branches and hops, outage probability and symbol error ratio are derived. Finally, numerical simulation results are provided to confirm the theoretical results. These results are presented to illustrate the considerable performance improvement achieved by the increasing number of branches and hops.

scholarly journals Link Budget Analysis in Designing a Web-application Tool for Military X-Band Satellite Communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
M. Akhtaruzzaman ◽  
S. M. Sadakatul Bari ◽  
Syed Akhter Hossain ◽  
Md. Mahbubur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Web Application ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Rain Attenuation ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Web Tools ◽  
X Band ◽  
Link Budget

In satellite communication, Link Budget analysis is the most important part to determine gains and losses of signals from the transmitter to the receiver. Most importantly, it investigates system performance and optimum power which must be received at the receiver channel. In some cases, this information could be generated, saved for past data analysis, and share with peer users which are not found in existing web tools. Thus, it is obvious to design a new Link Budget calculator with users, database, and data retrieval support. This work focuses on designing a Link Budget web tool for X-band satellite communication through literature study and comparative analysis. The X-Band calculator is designed based on HTML, PHP, Javascript, and MySQL by ensuring several security issues, and can be accessed through mobile devices. This paper also focuses on the necessary equations of Link Budget for Uplink (Tx); Satellite; Downlink (Rx); Azimuth, Elevation, Distance analysis; and Rain attenuation. Though, comparative assessments among various web tools show some fluctuations, overall outputs show satisfactory results with small % of Errors (PoE) ensuring reliability and viability of the proposed X-Band tool for practical use.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF CAPACITY GAINS IN MIMO CORRELATED RICIAN FADING CHANNELS SYSTEMS

2013 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
NIRAV D. PATEL ◽  
VIJAY K. PATEL ◽  
DHARMESH SHAH
Keyword(s):  
Fading Channels ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Rician Fading ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Mimo Channels ◽  
Rician Fading Channel ◽  
Propagation Medium ◽  
Diversity Gains

This paper investigate the effect of Rician fading and correlation on the capacity and diversity of MIMO channels. The use of antenna arrays at both sides of the wireless communication link (MIMO systems) can increase channel capacity provided the propagation medium is rich scattering or Rayleigh fading and the antenna arrays at both sides are uncorrelated. However, the presence of line-of-sight (LOS) component and correlation of real world wireless channels may affect the system performance. Along with that we also investigate power distribution methods for higher capacity gains and effect of CSI at the transmitter on the capacity for range of SNR. Our investigation follows capacity gain as function of number of antennas and signal-to-noise (SNR) power ratio Block and frequency nonselective Rician fading channel is assumed, and the effect of Rician factor (L) and the correlation parameter (ρ) on the capacity and diversity gains of MIMO channels are found. Index.

scholarly journals Communication Link Model using Trellis Coded Modulation for 5G Communication in The Tropical Regions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trilochan Patra ◽  
Swarup Kumar Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Rayleigh Fading ◽  
Coded Modulation ◽  
Rician Fading ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Trellis Coded Modulation ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Trellis Coded ◽  
Link Model

Abstract Signal fading is a major problem in the tropical regions. Here the signals get highly attenuated for torrential rain, hence the signal power diminishes and the bit error rate (BER) increases. To enhance the signal to noise ratio (SNR) or to minimize the BER a communication link model using trellis coded modulation (TCM) for 5G communication has been proposed in this paper for the tropical regions. Various diversity techniques have been applied to minimize BER in the tropical regions. STBC (Space-Time Block Coding) MIMO technique is a spatial diversity technique which has been used in the proposed model in this paper. Bit error rate values are obtained for MIMO multi path fading distributions viz. Rayleigh fading distribution and Rician fading distribution. BER values are also attained in respect of different MIMO techniques (2x2, 3x3 and 4x4). The 4x4 STBC MIMO System has been generated using hardware co-simulation block and the results are implemented in Xilinx kintex-7 FPGA board. From the analysis of the result it is observed that Rayleigh fading distribution reflects better performance than that of Rician fading distribution. 4x4 MIMO Technique renders better result in comparison with that of lower MIMO techniques.

scholarly journals Communication Link Model Using Trellis Coded Modulation for 5G Communication in the Tropical Regions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trilochan Patra ◽  
Swarup Kumar Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Rayleigh Fading ◽  
Coded Modulation ◽  
Rician Fading ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Trellis Coded Modulation ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Trellis Coded ◽  
Link Model

Abstract Signal fading is a major problem in the tropical regions. Here the signals get highly attenuated for torrential rain, hence the signal power diminishes and the bit error rate (BER) increases. To enhance the signal to noise ratio (SNR) or to minimize the BER a communication link model using trellis coded modulation (TCM) for 5G communication has been proposed in this paper for the tropical regions. Various diversity techniques have been applied to minimize BER in the tropical regions. STBC (Space-Time Block Coding) MIMO technique is a spatial diversity technique which has been used in the proposed model in this paper. Bit error rate values are obtained for MIMO multi path fading distributions viz. Rayleigh fading distribution and Rician fading distribution. BER values are also attained in respect of different MIMO techniques (2x2, 3x3 and 4x4). The 4x4 STBC MIMO System has been generated using hardware co-simulation block and the results are implemented in Xilinx kintex-7 FPGA board. From the analysis of the result it is observed that Rayleigh fading distribution reflects better performance than that of Rician fading distribution. 4x4 MIMO Technique renders better result in comparison with that of lower MIMO techniques.

scholarly journals Link Budget Analysis for 5G Communication in the Tropical Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Trilochan Patra ◽  
Swarup Kumar Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mimo System ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Data Sheet ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Link Budget ◽  
5G Communication

In the tropical regions, when a signal is transmitted from a transmitter to a receiver, the signal gets highly attenuated because of heavy rainfall. By using different diversity techniques, this signal attenuation is minimized. The multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is an antenna diversity technique, and in this paper, this technique has been applied to the proposed communication link model designed for 5G communication in the tropical regions. Here, a proposed link budget has been set down to enhance the signal power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver. In this paper, an experimental data sheet has also been adopted to achieve the desired result of the proposed link budget. In fine, a comparison of assumption values of the proposed link budget with practical values obtained from the experimental data sheet has been displayed in the result analysis part.

scholarly journals Slant Path Ka-Band rain attenuation statistics in equatorial Malaysia obtained using stratiform convective-synthetic storm technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.3) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
M M. Yunus ◽  
J Din ◽  
S L. Jong ◽  
H Y. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Rain Attenuation ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Diurnal Variability ◽  
Ka Band ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Sst Model ◽  
Link Availability ◽  
Local Weather

In the design of satellite communication link, rain attenuation statistics is essential information for system designer to realistically determine link availability and provide means to combat system degradation. Due to the limitation of available measured data in equatorial regions especially for high frequencies (Ka-band and above), the prediction model is the best way to obtain rain attenuation statistics. This paper presents statistical analysis of rain attenuation at Ka-band by applying the Stratiform Convective-Synthetic Storm Technique (SC-SST) model taking advantage from local weather features from rain rate time series. The study on seasonal and diurnal variability is also presented in this paper to provide good insight in the design and implementation of fade margin.

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