scholarly journals Lightning Effect on Scaled Protected and un-Protected Building Structures and the Air Terminal Bypasses

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irshad Ullah ◽  
MNR Baharom ◽  
H. Ahmad ◽  
H.M. Luqman ◽  
Zainab Zainal
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Electric Field Intensity ◽  
Electric Field Effect ◽  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Thunder Storm

Lightning strikes affect the building structures by producing high electric field on the surface and around the building structure. Lightning air terminal is a traditional enemy of the thunder storm as it captures the lightning flashes. Effect of lightning flash on the building structure when the lightning air terminal was not installed and when it was installed on different building structure was studied in this paper.  Similarly most of the time Lightning Air Terminal (LAT) bypasses take palce on different building structures and thus a lot of building structures get damage. The phenomenon of bypasses was also studied in this paper. When thunder storm strikes a building the electric field effect is propagated throughout the building surface and it damages the entire building. When the air terminal is places on the corners/edges it captures the lightning flashes on certain points and discharges it into the ground and the building remains safe. This phenomenon was studied in detail in this paper and it was proved that by installing the air terminal the remaining building structure was safe and the electric field intensity was concentrated on the installed air terminal rather than the whole roof top and the rest of the building.

scholarly journals Study of The Electric Field Between Horizontal and Vertical Configuration Pole under 150 KV High Voltage Transmission Line (SUTT 150 KV)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Ngurah Amrita
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Electric Field Intensity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electric Field Effect ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Limit Values

Distribution of electrical energy from a plant to a substation or from a substation to other substations usually uses a transmission line. In Bali, type of transmission line that is usually implemented is SUTT 150 kV. The magnitude of the applied voltage is an attempt to reduce power loss for long distance distribution. However, distributing electrical energy with increasing stress affects the increase of electric field around the transmission line. The negative impact of electricity distribution has been an environmental problem for PT. PLN (Persero), especially where there is conversion from an open area to be a residential. This problem has been the main reason for conducting this research. IRPA / INIRC recommendation states that exposure time is not limited to the electric field effect in work environment and public area including a residential area at frequency of 50/60 Hz is 5 kV/m.  This recommendation is in accordance with SNI 04-6950-2003, on Threshold Limit Values ??Electric Field under SUTT and high-voltage wires. The first problem of this research is how large the intensity of the electric field between two poles of SUTT 150 kV with vertical and horizontal constructions which are built side by side? The second problem is what the characteristic of the electric field intensity between the two poles which are built side by side? From the analysis, it can be seen that the intensity of the electric field that occurs between the conductor of the vertical and horizontal pole configurations are still below the IRPA/INIRC and SNI 04-6950-2003 recommendation i.e. 1 up to 1.5 kV/m and at a distance of 18 meters to 25 meters there is an interaction of electric field intensity that occurs at these two configurations.

High-speed isotachophoresis. Analytical aspects of the steady-state longitudinal temperature profiles

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbyněk Ryšlavý ◽  
Petr Boček ◽  
Miroslav Deml ◽  
Jaroslav Janák
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Electric Field Intensity ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Longitudinal Temperature ◽  
Continuous Character

The problem of the longitudinal temperature distribution was solved and the bearing of the temperature profiles on the qualitative characteristics of the zones and on the interpretation of the record of the separation obtained from a universal detector was considered. Two approximative physical models were applied to the solution: in the first model, the temperature dependences of the mobilities are taken into account, the continuous character of the electric field intensity at the boundary being neglected; in the other model, the continuous character of the electric field intensity is allowed for. From a comparison of the two models it follows that in practice, the variations of the mobilities with the temperature are the principal factor affecting the shape of the temperature profiles, the assumption of a discontinuous jump of the electric field intensity at the boundary being a good approximation to the reality. It was deduced theoretically and verified experimentally that the longitudinal profiles can appreciably affect the longitudinal variation of the effective mobilities in the zone, with an infavourable influence upon the qualitative interpretation of the record. Pronounced effects can appear during the analyses of the minor components, where in the corresponding short zone a temperature distribution occurs due to the influence of the temperatures of the neighbouring zones such that the temperature in the zone of interest in fact does not attain a constant value in axial direction. The minor component does not possess the steady-state mobility throughout the zone, which makes the identification of the zone rather difficult.

POLARON IN A QUANTUM DOT UNDER AN ELECTRIC FIELD

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 1635-1642
Author(s):  
MIAN LIU ◽  
WENDONG MA ◽  
ZIJUN LI
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Ground State Energy ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Electric Field Intensity ◽  
State Energy ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Transformation Methods

We conducted a theoretical study on the properties of a polaron with electron-LO phonon strong-coupling in a cylindrical quantum dot under an electric field using linear combination operator and unitary transformation methods. The changing relations between the ground state energy of the polaron in the quantum dot and the electric field intensity, restricted intensity, and cylindrical height were derived. The numerical results show that the polar of the quantum dot is enlarged with increasing restricted intensity and decreasing cylindrical height, and with cylindrical height at 0 ~ 5 nm , the polar of the quantum dot is strongest. The ground state energy decreases with increasing electric field intensity, and at the moment of just adding electric field, quantum polarization is strongest.

scholarly journals Effects of Flash Sintering Parameters on Performance of Ceramic Insulator

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1157
Author(s):  
Yong Liu ◽  
Xingwang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electric Field Intensity ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Ceramic Insulator ◽  
Flash Sintering ◽  
Ceramic Insulators

Ceramic outdoor insulators play an important role in electrical insulation and mechanical support because of good chemical and thermal stability, which have been widely used in power systems. However, the brittleness and surface discharge of ceramic material greatly limit the application of ceramic insulators. From the perspective of sintering technology, flash sintering technology is used to improve the performance of ceramic insulators. In this paper, the simulation model of producing the ceramic insulator by the flash sintering technology was set up. Material Studio was used to study the influence of electric field intensity and temperature on the alumina unit cell. COMSOL was used to study the influence of electric field intensity and current density on sintering speed, density and grain size. Obtained results showed that under high temperature and high voltage, the volume of the unit cell becomes smaller and the atoms are arranged more closely. The increase of current density can result in higher ceramic density and larger grain size. With the electric field intensity increasing, incubation time shows a decreasing tendency and energy consumption is reduced. Ceramic insulators with a higher uniform structure and a smaller grain size can show better dielectric performance and higher flashover voltage.

scholarly journals Electric field effect on the thermal conductivity of wurtzite GaN

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (16) ◽  
pp. 162110
Author(s):  
Yujie Quan ◽  
Sheng-Ying Yue ◽  
Bolin Liao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Electric Field Effect

scholarly journals Frequency-Tunable Terahertz Plasmonic Structure Based on the Solid Immersed Method for Sensing

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1419
Author(s):  
Toshio Sugaya ◽  
Yukio Kawano
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Electric Field Intensity ◽  
Wavelength Region ◽  
Diffraction Limit ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Plasmonic Structure ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Frequency Tunable ◽  
Bull's Eye

Terahertz waves are located in the frequency band between radio waves and light, and they are being considered for various applications as a light source. Generally, the use of light requires focusing; however, when a terahertz wave is irradiated onto a small detector or a small measurement sample, its wavelength, which is much longer than that of visible light, causes problems. The diffraction limit may make it impossible to focus the terahertz light down to the desired range by using common lenses. The Bull’s Eye structure, which is a plasmonic structure, is a promising tool for focusing the terahertz light beyond the diffraction limit and into the sub-wavelength region. By utilizing the surface plasmon propagation, the electric field intensity and transmission coefficient can be enhanced. In this study, we improved the electric field intensity and light focusing in a small region by adapting the solid immersion method (SIM) from our previous study, which had a frequency-tunable nonconcentric Bull’s Eye structure. Through electromagnetic field analysis, the electric field intensity was confirmed to be approximately 20 times higher than that of the case without the SIM, and the transmission measurements confirmed that the transmission through an aperture had a gap of 1/20 that of the wavelength. This fabricated device can be used in imaging and sensing applications because of the close contact between the transmission aperture and the measurement sample.

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