scholarly journals Accident vehicle types classification: a comparative study between different deep learning models

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1474
Author(s):  
Mardin A. Anwer ◽  
Shareef M. Shareef ◽  
Abbas M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Convolution Neural Network ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Network Topologies ◽  
Base Network

<span>Classifying and finding type of individual vehicles within an accident image are considered difficult problems. This research concentrates on accurately classifying and recognizing vehicle accidents in question. The aim to provide a comparative analysis of vehicle accidents. A number of network topologies are tested to arrive at convincing results and a variety of matrices are used in the evaluation process to identify the best networks. The best two networks are used with faster recurrent convolution neural network (Faster RCNN) and you only look once (YOLO) to determine which network will identifiably detect the location and type of the vehicle. In addition, two datasets are used in this research. In consequence, experiment results show that MobileNetV2 and ResNet50 have accomplished higher accuracy compared to the rest of the models, with 89.11% and 88.45% for the GAI dataset as well as 88.72% and 89.69% for KAI dataset, respectively. The findings reveal that the ResNet50 base network for YOLO achieved higher accuracy than MobileNetV2 for YOLO, ResNet50 for Faster RCNN with 83%, 81%, and 79% for GAI dataset and 79%, 78% and 74% for KAI dataset.</span>

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Three Improved Deep Learning Architectures for Music Genre Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Quazi Ghulam Rafi ◽  
◽  
Mohammed Noman ◽  
Sadia Zahin Prodhan ◽  
Sabrina Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Recurrent Neural Network ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Neural Net ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Genre Classification ◽  
Music Genre ◽  
Music Genre Classification

Among the many music information retrieval (MIR) tasks, music genre classification is noteworthy. The categorization of music into different groups that came to existence through a complex interplay of cultures, musicians, and various market forces to characterize similarities between compositions and organize collections is known as a music genre. The past researchers extracted various hand-crafted features and developed classifiers based on them. But the major drawback of this approach was the requirement of field expertise. However, in recent times researchers, because of the remarkable classification accuracy of deep learning models, have used similar models for MIR tasks. Convolutional Neural Net- work (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and the hybrid model, Convolutional - Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN), are such prominently used deep learning models for music genre classification along with other MIR tasks and various architectures of these models have achieved state-of-the-art results. In this study, we review and discuss three such architectures of deep learning models, already used for music genre classification of music tracks of length of 29-30 seconds. In particular, we analyze improved CNN, RNN, and CRNN architectures named Bottom-up Broadcast Neural Network (BBNN) [1], Independent Recurrent Neural Network (IndRNN) [2] and CRNN in Time and Frequency dimensions (CRNN- TF) [3] respectively, almost all of the architectures achieved the highest classification accuracy among the variants of their base deep learning model. Hence, this study holds a comparative analysis of the three most impressive architectural variants of the main deep learning models that are prominently used to classify music genre and presents the three architecture, hence the models (CNN, RNN, and CRNN) in one study. We also propose two ways that can improve the performances of the RNN (IndRNN) and CRNN (CRNN-TF) architectures.

Comparative Analysis of Multivariable Deep Learning Models for Forecasting in Smart Grids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Escobar Avalos ◽  
M. A. Rodriguez Licea ◽  
H. Rostro Gonzalez ◽  
A. Espinoza Calderon ◽  
A.I. Barranco Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Learning Models

scholarly journals Anomaly Detection Using Deep Neural Network for IoT Architecture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7050
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Ahmad ◽  
Adnan Shahid Khan ◽  
Kashif Nisar ◽  
Iram Haider ◽  
Rosilah Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
Entry Points

The revolutionary idea of the internet of things (IoT) architecture has gained enormous popularity over the last decade, resulting in an exponential growth in the IoT networks, connected devices, and the data processed therein. Since IoT devices generate and exchange sensitive data over the traditional internet, security has become a prime concern due to the generation of zero-day cyberattacks. A network-based intrusion detection system (NIDS) can provide the much-needed efficient security solution to the IoT network by protecting the network entry points through constant network traffic monitoring. Recent NIDS have a high false alarm rate (FAR) in detecting the anomalies, including the novel and zero-day anomalies. This paper proposes an efficient anomaly detection mechanism using mutual information (MI), considering a deep neural network (DNN) for an IoT network. A comparative analysis of different deep-learning models such as DNN, Convolutional Neural Network, Recurrent Neural Network, and its different variants, such as Gated Recurrent Unit and Long Short-term Memory is performed considering the IoT-Botnet 2020 dataset. Experimental results show the improvement of 0.57–2.6% in terms of the model’s accuracy, while at the same time reducing the FAR by 0.23–7.98% to show the effectiveness of the DNN-based NIDS model compared to the well-known deep learning models. It was also observed that using only the 16–35 best numerical features selected using MI instead of 80 features of the dataset result in almost negligible degradation in the model’s performance but helped in decreasing the overall model’s complexity. In addition, the overall accuracy of the DL-based models is further improved by almost 0.99–3.45% in terms of the detection accuracy considering only the top five categorical and numerical features.

scholarly journals Validating Deep Neural Networks for Online Decoding of Motor Imagery Movements from EEG Signals

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zied Tayeb ◽  
Juri Fedjaev ◽  
Nejla Ghaboosi ◽  
Christoph Richter ◽  
Lukas Everding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Feature Engineering ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Learning Methods

Non-invasive, electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) on motor imagery movements translate the subject’s motor intention into control signals through classifying the EEG patterns caused by different imagination tasks, e.g., hand movements. This type of BCI has been widely studied and used as an alternative mode of communication and environmental control for disabled patients, such as those suffering from a brainstem stroke or a spinal cord injury (SCI). Notwithstanding the success of traditional machine learning methods in classifying EEG signals, these methods still rely on hand-crafted features. The extraction of such features is a difficult task due to the high non-stationarity of EEG signals, which is a major cause by the stagnating progress in classification performance. Remarkable advances in deep learning methods allow end-to-end learning without any feature engineering, which could benefit BCI motor imagery applications. We developed three deep learning models: (1) A long short-term memory (LSTM); (2) a spectrogram-based convolutional neural network model (CNN); and (3) a recurrent convolutional neural network (RCNN), for decoding motor imagery movements directly from raw EEG signals without (any manual) feature engineering. Results were evaluated on our own publicly available, EEG data collected from 20 subjects and on an existing dataset known as 2b EEG dataset from “BCI Competition IV”. Overall, better classification performance was achieved with deep learning models compared to state-of-the art machine learning techniques, which could chart a route ahead for developing new robust techniques for EEG signal decoding. We underpin this point by demonstrating the successful real-time control of a robotic arm using our CNN based BCI.

scholarly journals Efficient Facial Emotion Recognition Model using Deep Convolutional Neural Network and Modified Joint Trilateral Filter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Kumari ◽  
Rekha Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Recognition Model ◽  
Trilateral Filter

Abstract Facial emotion recognition extracts the human emotions from the images and videos. As such, it requires an algorithm to understand and model the relationships between faces and facial expressions, and to recognize human emotions. Recently, deep learning models are extensively utilized enhance the facial emotion recognition rate. However, the deep learning models suffer from the overfitting issue. Moreover, deep learning models perform poorly for images which have poor visibility and noise. Therefore, in this paper, a novel deep learning based facial emotion recognition tool is proposed. Initially, a joint trilateral filter is applied to the obtained dataset to remove the noise. Thereafter, contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) is applied to the filtered images to improve the visibility of images. Finally, a deep convolutional neural network is trained. Nadam optimizer is also utilized to optimize the cost function of deep convolutional neural networks. Experiments are achieved by using the benchmark dataset and competitive human emotion recognition models. Comparative analysis demonstrates that the proposed facial emotion recognition model performs considerably better compared to the competitive models.

scholarly journals Nowcasting of Lumber Futures Price with Google Trends Index Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Mingtao He ◽  
Wenying Li ◽  
Brian K. Via ◽  
Yaoqi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Neural Network Model ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Futures Price

Abstract Firms engaged in producing, processing, marketing, or using lumber and lumber products always invest in futures markets to reduce the risk of lumber price volatility. The accurate prediction of real-time prices can help companies and investors hedge risks and make correct market decisions. This paper explores whether Internet browsing habits can accurately nowcast the lumber futures price. The predictors are Google Trends index data related to lumber prices. This study offers a fresh perspective on nowcasting the lumber price accurately. The novel outlook of employing both machine learning and deep learning methods shows that despite the high predictive power of both the methods, on average, deep learning models can better capture trends and provide more accurate predictions than machine learning models. The artificial neural network model is the most competitive, followed by the recurrent neural network model.

scholarly journals Covid-19 detection via deep neural network and occlusion sensitivity maps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Aminu ◽  
Mohd Halim Mohd Noor
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Color Images ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Sensitivity Maps

Deep learning approaches have attracted a lot of attention in the automatic detection of Covid-19 and transfer learning is the most common approach. However, majority of the pre-trained models are trained on color images, which can cause inefficiencies when fine-tuning the models on Covid-19 images which are often grayscale. To address this issue, we propose a deep learning architecture called CovidNet which requires a relatively smaller number of parameters. CovidNet accepts grayscale images as inputs and is suitable for training with limited training dataset. Experimental results show that CovidNet outperforms other state-of-the-art deep learning models for Covid-19 detection.

scholarly journals SeqEnhDL: sequence-based classification of cell type-specific enhancers using deep learning models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yupeng Wang ◽  
Rosario B. Jaime-Lara ◽  
Abhrarup Roy ◽  
Ying Sun ◽  
Xinyue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Sequence Features ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Different Cell Types

AbstractWe propose SeqEnhDL, a deep learning framework for classifying cell type-specific enhancers based on sequence features. DNA sequences of “strong enhancer” chromatin states in nine cell types from the ENCODE project were retrieved to build and test enhancer classifiers. For any DNA sequence, sequential k-mer (k=5, 7, 9 and 11) fold changes relative to randomly selected non-coding sequences were used as features for deep learning models. Three deep learning models were implemented, including multi-layer perceptron (MLP), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). All models in SeqEnhDL outperform state-of-the-art enhancer classifiers including gkm-SVM and DanQ, with regard to distinguishing cell type-specific enhancers from randomly selected non-coding sequences. Moreover, SeqEnhDL is able to directly discriminate enhancers from different cell types, which has not been achieved by other enhancer classifiers. Our analysis suggests that both enhancers and their tissue-specificity can be accurately identified according to their sequence features. SeqEnhDL is publicly available at https://github.com/wyp1125/SeqEnhDL.

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