scholarly journals Patterns of responses to COVID-19 in selected Latin American countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (40) ◽  
pp. 23-56
Author(s):  
Thiago Brandão Peres ◽  
Adalberto Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Context Constraints ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
United Nation ◽  
Better Than

The article analyses structural and context constraints and opportunities faced by Latin America in the battle against the Covid-19 pandemic. We argue that the number of deaths (and related statistics, such as number of infected or number of tests) as a proportion of the countries’ populations is an important but insufficient measure of the effectiveness of each country’s responses to the SARS-CoV-2. We test the correlation of deaths with typical structural constraints (Gross domestic product, United Nation – Human Development Index, Gini index, expenditure in health, children’s mortality rate, informality rate), and find that between countries’ differences in these measures do not help to understand the number of deaths per million inhabitants. We then move to a more in-depth analysis of 11 selected Latin American countries to show that those that chose collective responsibility (a notion developed in the article) in the management of the responses to the crisis, and that could coordinate the actions of different governing levels, fared much better than those that chose individual responsibility and low levels of coordination, irrespective of existing structural constraints.

Territorial Inequality in Health Service Delivery: Lessons from Latin America’s Federations

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-43
Author(s):  
Agustina Giraudy ◽  
Jennifer Pribble
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Health Service Delivery ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Inequality In Health ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Latin American Countries

ABSTRACTAccess to quality healthcare varies across the national territory inside Latin American countries, with some subnational units enjoying higher-quality care than others. Such territorial inequality is consequential, as residents of particular regions face shorter life spans and an increased risk of preventable disease. This article analyzes trajectories of territorial healthcare inequality across time in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. The data reveal a large decline in Brazil, a moderate decline in Mexico, and low levels of change followed by a moderate decline in Argentina. The article argues that two factors account for these distinct trajectories: the nature of the coalition that pushed health decentralization forward and the existence of mechanisms for central government oversight and management.

Do Canadian Mining Firms Behave Worse Than Other Companies? Quantitative Evidence from Latin America

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Alexander Haslam ◽  
Nasser Ary Tanimoune ◽  
Zarlasht M. Razeq
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Policy Relevance ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Origin Effect ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThe effects of Canadian mining companies on local communities abroad is an increasingly contentious topic as activists and academics, citing case studies, have drawn attention to alleged problems. Despite the policy relevance of this issue, there have been no generalizable analyses of whether mining companies headquartered in Canada behave differently from mining firms headquartered in other countries. This paper conducts the first rigorous statistical analysis of the effect of country of origin, or more specifically, “being Canadian,” on the occurrence of known social conflicts in Latin America. We use an original database of 634 mining properties in five Latin American countries, which allows us to differentiate between a country-of-origin effect and other probable determinants of social conflict in communities near mining properties. We find that Canadian mining firms perform slightly better than other foreign firms, but worse than locally owned firms.

scholarly journals Segregación residencial de los Latinoamericanos residentes en Garrucha (Almería)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibán Rodrigo Mendoza Jumbo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Latin American Countries

Resumen: Este artículo se propone dos objetivos. En primer lugar, medir la segregación residencial de los inmigrantes latinoamericanos de Colombia y Ecuador, en el área urbana de Garrucha (Almería), utilizando, para ello, los índices de disimilitud e interacción. Y, en segundo lugar, se trata de determinar las principales causas de su distribución espacial por el municipio, a partir de los resultados obtenidos en la administración de una encuesta. Los datos muestran por un lado, que estos colectivos presentan unos niveles de segregación relativamente reducidos y, por otro, que los aspectos económicos se erigen como el mejor predictor de la segregación. Abstract: This paper sets our two objectives. Firstly, to measure the degree of residential segregation of the immigrants from the Latin American countries of Colombia and Ecuador within the urban area of Garrucha, Almeria by means of the rate of dissimilarity and interaction. Secondly, it intends to determine the main reasons for the distribution throughout the municipality, from the results of a survey. The data demonstrates relatively low levels of segregation in these groups and also that the principal causes of segregation arise from economical factors.

scholarly journals The Catch-up Process in a Global Economy: An Analytical Approach

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Irfan ul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Economics Profession ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Better Than

The diverse growth experience of economies across the globe is perhaps the most intriguing question that the economics profession faces. The economies of East Asia have grown rapidly over the past three decades, while the economic performance of the South Asian and Latin American countries has been relatively mediocre, although better than that of the African countries, where the per capita incomes have been generally declining. Among the developed countries also, there has been considerable diversity of economic performance.

scholarly journals A New Index for Public Investment Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Antonio Rojas Canela ◽  
Juan Carlos Moreno-Brid
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Investment Management ◽  
Alternative Algorithm ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Better Than

The objective of this article is to improve the most widely used indicator of quality in public investment management (the PIMI). The methodology was to use an alternative algorithm to build a new version of the PIMI and calculate it for sixteen Latin American countries. The result is a New PIMI that appears better than the original one, as it has a positive correlation with an objective indicator of the efficiency of public investment, which is not achieved by the original PIMI. We recommend the use of the New PIMI, proposed here, as a control variable in studies on aggregated public investment and its impacts on economic growth and social welfare. One limitation of the New PIMI is that it reflects the quality of public investment management at the aggregate level and based on de jure criteria, thus not capturing key differences that occur at a more disaggregated or informal level. Even so, the relevance, originality and replicability of the New PIMI make it a significant contribution to knowledge in this field.

scholarly journals Output-inflation Trade-offs: The Latin American Experience

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 327-344
Author(s):  
Krishna R. Akkina
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Natural Rate ◽  
American Experience ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The One ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Better Than

This paper investigates the natural rate hypothesis, using the Lucas and Hanson approaches for ten Latin American countries. The pl,lIpose of using two methods to test this hypothesis is to ascertain the robustness of the results to the underlying differences in the assumptions of these methods. The evidence strongly supports the natural rate hypothesis and the predictions of the Lucas model. The results of the Hanson method are in general consistent with the natural rate hypothesis, but they are not as conclusive as the results of the Lucas method. The evidence from the Hanson model suggests that the monetary growth predicted by past inflation performs better than the one predicted by past monetary growth.

scholarly journals Global Crime Patterns: An Analysis of Survey Data from 166 Countries Around the World, 2006–2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan van Dijk ◽  
Paul Nieuwbeerta ◽  
Jacqueline Joudo Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
The Past ◽  
European North ◽  
Criminal Opportunities ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Latin American Countries

Abstract Objectives This article explores the merits of commercially-based survey data on crime through cross-validation with established crime metrics. Methods Using unpublished data from 166 countries covering the period between 2006 and 2019, the article describes the geographical distribution across global regions and trends over time of three types of common crime, homicide, and organised crime. The article then explores possible determinants of the geographical distributions through regressing prevalence rates against indices of poverty, inequality, proportion of youth, presence of criminal opportunities (wealth and urbanisation), and governance/rule of law. Results The results show that African and Latin American countries suffer from the highest levels of various types of crime across the board, followed by countries in Asia. European, North American and Australian countries experience intermediate or relatively low levels of most types of crime. Levels of common crime have dropped or stabilized globally except in Africa where they went up. Homicides have fallen almost universally. Trends in organised crime are diverging. Conclusions Dimensions of governance emerged as powerful determinants of levels of all types of crime. Important determinants of common crime besides governance were poverty, inequality, and proportion of youth. To some extent changes in these same characteristics of countries were found to be correlated with changes in levels of crime over the past fifteen years. The article concludes with a discussion of the study’s limitations and suggestions for further research.

scholarly journals Intercultural Latin American research on abuse in couple relationships of young university

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. e1441
Author(s):  
Maricela Osorio Guzmán ◽  
Carlos Prado Romero ◽  
Mario Morales Navarro ◽  
Horacio Maldonado ◽  
Julio Cesar Carozzo Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
American Psychological Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Dating Abuse ◽  
American Research ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Latin American Countries

Dating or falling in love implies a romantic experience of bonding, commitment and support between the members of a couple within the framework of a socio-cultural context. This kind of relationship contributes to the psychosocial well-being providing people with socio-emotional development. However, in this dating period, many partners deal with situations of violence. The aim of current work was to analyze and to describe the presence, type and level of abuse in dating relationships in four Latin American countries. Method: the target group involved 1195 secondary, high school and university students aged 12 to 30 years from Argentina, Chile, Mexico and Peru. The Questionnaire Dating Abuse (CMN; Osorio-Guzmán, 2014), which contains 5 areas and α = 0.95, was applied. The study met the ethical standards of the American Psychological Association. Results: the proportion of participants was Argentina (22.9%), Chile (25.3%), Mexico (36.9%) and Peru (15%). The reliability of the instrument ranges from .93 to .95. It was found that more than 90% of the cases report low levels of abuse, and 21.5% reported family violence patterns. Conclusions: the naturalization of dating violence is verified, and it is considered essential to work on its denaturalization.

Racking Performance of Traditional and Non-Traditional Engineered Bamboo Shear Walls

2012 ◽  
Vol 517 ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Juliana Arbelaez ◽  
Juan Francisco Correal
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Structural Behavior ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
The One ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Better Than

Guadua Angustifolia Kunt (G.A.K.) is a bamboo specie that has been considered an alternative material for construction in some of the Latin-American countries. In Colombia, specifically in coffee region, G.A.K. has been used mainly for residential buildings, having bahareque (Split bamboo and mortar connected to a guadua frame) as the preferred structural system for this type of structures. This system has shown an adequate seismic behavior during earthquakes like the one in Armenia (1999), [. Nowadays, there is not a real understanding of the structural behavior of this kind of bamboo shear walls. For that reason, a study on the seismic performance of engineering bahareque shear walls and two kinds of non-conventional G.A.K. shear walls is done. Throughout this article, the preliminary results of this study are presented, based on monotonic tests only. So far, 13 tests have been run on the different types of shear walls. In addition, 6 static tests were performed on the connection of the shear walls to the foundation, to understand the capacity and the behavior of this type of joint. The results show that the structural behavior of engineering bahareque shear walls is both adequate and better than the one observed on the two kinds of non-conventional shear walls. In spite of that, some changes on the constructive details could improve the structural behavior of these two kinds of shear walls. As for the connection of the shear walls to the foundation, it is observable that the capacity of the joint is related to the resistance of cement mortar. Also two types of failure, identified on the study, affect directly the connection behavior.

scholarly journals Dengue after Zika: characterizing impacts of Zika emergence on endemic dengue transmission

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca K. Borchering ◽  
Angkana Huang ◽  
Luis Mier-y-Teran-Romero ◽  
Diana P. Rojas ◽  
Isabel Rodriguez-Barraquer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
Reproduction Numbers ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Latin American Countries

AbstractIn 2015 and 2016, Zika virus (ZIKV) swept through many Latin American countries where dengue virus (DENV) is endemic. Dengue and Zika viruses are of the same family, share a vector and may interact competitively or synergistically through human immune responses. We examine dengue incidence data from Brazil and Colombia from before, during, and after the Zika epidemic. We find evidence that dengue incidence was atypically low in 2017 in both Brazil and Colombia. We investigate whether Zika incidence at the state or department level is associated with changes in dengue incidence and find mixed results. We use simulations to investigate expected impact of cross-protection or enhancement between dengue and Zika. Our simulations show that regardless of the mechanism, low periods of dengue incidence are followed by a resurgence in dengue cases. It is therefore likely that countries currently experiencing low levels of dengue incidence will experience large dengue seasons in the near future. By considering multiple combinations of DENV and ZIKV reproduction numbers, we demonstrate that the mixed results of our statistical models are not entirely unexpected. Correlations in DENV and ZIKV reproduction number could contribute to complicating or masking an association between their case counts.

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