scholarly journals Allele and genotype frequency for milk beta-casein in dairy cattle in the northern region of Tocantins State, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. e186603
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Olinto Rotoli Garcia Oliveira ◽  
Minos Esperandio de Carvalho ◽  
Matheus Henrique Dias Rodrigues ◽  
Mirele Daiana Poleti ◽  
José Bento Sterman Ferraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Sequence Detection ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Quality Of Milk

At present, there is a concern about the quality of milk and diseases related to its consumption, as it can generate discomfort and allergic reactions in some individuals due to its protein components. Thus, the present study was developed to identify the allele and genotype frequencies of genes for β casein, A1 and A2, in dairy herds in the region of Araguaína-TO, Brazil. Genetic material from 421 animals (crossbred dairy cattle in lactation) was used. All animals were numbered for identification, and DNA samples were extracted from hair bulbs. Samples for two markers from the polymorphic regions were characterized and confirmed by real time PCR using the ABI Prism® 7500 Sequence Detection System (Applied Biosystems). Allele and genotype frequencies were determined using the TaqMan™ detection system, where the primer and probe release different fluorescence signals for each allele of the polymorphism. The sampled herd showed frequencies of 28.27% for the A1 allele and 71.73% for the A2 allele. Genotype frequencies were 52.96% (223/421) for A2A2; 37.53% (158/421) for the A1A2 genotype; and 9.50% (40/421) for the A1A1 genotype. The frequency of the A1 allele for β-casein in dairy herds from the northern region of Tocantins was low and is per the results of previous studies. Although the A2A2 genotype of β-casein had a high relative frequency, the A1A2 genotype is still rather frequent, warranting greater selection pressure.

scholarly journals Design of Free Stalls for Dairy Herds: A Review

Ruminants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Frank van Eerdenburg ◽  
Lars Ruud
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
High Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Productive Life ◽  
To Come ◽  
Available Information

Lying is an important behavior of dairy cattle. Cows should spend more than 50% of a day lying as it has a high impact on their milk yield and animal welfare. The design, size, and flooring properties of the free stalls influence the time cows spend lying, the way they lie down, and their rising movements. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the currently available information with the aim to assist farmers and advisors to come to an optimal design of the free stalls. The design of the free stalls should enable the cows to move and lie in positions as natural as possible. Cows should rest, with all parts of the body, on a clean, dry and soft bed, be able to stretch their front legs forward, lie on their sides with unobstructed space for their neck and head, and rest with their heads against their flanks without hindrance from a partition. When they stand, they should not be hindered by neck rails, partitions, or supports. A comfortable place for cows to lie down helps cows to stay healthy, improve welfare, and increase milk yield. Hence, the probability of a longer productive life for the cows increases and the number of replacements per year decreases.

Detection of A1 and A2 Alleles at Beta-casein Locus in Bargur and Umblachery (Indian Zebu) Cattle Breeds by Allele-specific PCR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Raja ◽  
R. Rajendran ◽  
P. Ganapathi
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Polymorphism Information Content ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Allele Specific Pcr

Background: Many genetic variants of beta-casein in different breeds of cattle have been reported. The A1 and A2 are the most common variants. The breeds of Zebu cattle have high frequency of A2 allele or monomorphic for A2 allele. The current study aimed to screen Indian Zebu cattle breeds, Bargur and Umblachery, for A1 and A2 alleles at beta-casein locus.Methods: A total of 48 Bargur and 42 Umblachery cattle were genotyped for β-casein (CSN2) gene using allele-specific PCR. The gene and genotype frequencies were estimated. The theoretical heterozygosity (Heexp), experimental heterozygosity (Heobs), polymorphism information content (PIC), expected homozygosity (E), effective number of alleles (ENA) and level of possible variability realization (V%) were calculated.Result: The investigation revealed the presence of both A1 and A2 alleles at beta-casein locus in both Bargur and Umblachery cattle breeds. The A1A1 genotype was not observed in both the breeds. The frequencies of A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes were 0.125 and 0.875 respectively in Bargur and 0.050 and 0.950 respectively in Umblachery breed. The study indicated the predominance of A2 variant in both the breeds. The frequencies of A1 and A2 alleles were 0.063 and 0.937 respectively in Bargur and 0.02 and 0.98 respectively in Umblachery breed. The values of experimental heterozygosity (Heobs), theoretical heterozygosity (Heexp), polymorphism information content (PIC), expected homozygosity (E), effective number of alleles (ENA), level of possible variability realization (V%) were 0.125, 0.1163, 0.1095,0.8837, 1.131 and 11.88 respectively in Bargur breed. These values were 0.048, 0.0468, 0.0458, 0.9532, 1.049 and 4.79 respectively in Umblachery population. The observed heterozygosity and PIC values revealed the existence of very low genetic variability in the tested populations. The present work will be a contribution to the study on beta-casein locus in Indian zebu cattle.

scholarly journals Analysis of the local resource-based dairy cattle development in Central Java

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
M. Mukson ◽  
H. Setiyawan ◽  
M. Handayani ◽  
A. Setiadi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Local Resource ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Quality Of Milk

The objectives of this research wereto analyze the local resource-based development of dairy cattle in orderto improve the production and quality of milk in Central Java. The research wascarried out by survey method. The research locations (Boyolali and Semarang) were chosen using purposive sampling method.In each regency was determined 2 sub district locations in which having the largest dairy cow population and 3 Dairy Cattle Farmer Associations (DCFA) in every sub district.Dairy farmers were sampled randomly, 10 farmers in every DCFA. Therefore, there were 120 dairy cattle farmers for sample. Data wereanalyzed using descriptive methods, location quotient (LQ) analysis and multiple linear regression statistical model. The dependent variables were yield and quality of milk (Y1,2) and the independent variables were human resources (x1), environmental resources (x2), capital resources (x3), entrepreneurship resources (x4), technology resources (x5), institution resources (x6) and infrastructure resources (x7). The LQ analysis showed that dairy cattle population, availability of forage and agricultural waste, and absorption of labour were very potential (LQ>1). Local resources significantly affected (P<0.01) the production and quality of dairy cattle milk. These results suggest that the development of dairy cattle business needs to consider the potential of local resources in order to improve the production and quality of milk.

scholarly journals Genetic polymorphism of milk protein loci in Argentinian Holstein cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Gloria Bonvillani ◽  
Miguel Angel Di Renzo ◽  
Iván Nicolás Tiranti
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Beta Lactoglobulin

Some alleles of milk protein loci are associated with superior cheese production characteristics. The genetic polymorphism of the milk protein loci alphas1-casein, beta-casein, k-casein and beta-lactoglobulin was examined in Argentinian Holstein cattle. Samples from 12 herds of four regions of Córdoba were analyzed by starch gel electrophoresis. The chi² test was used to assess whether the populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Genotypic diversity was analyzed by the Shannon-Weaver index. The observed genotypic frequencies were analyzed by Hedrick's genetic identity and the genetic distance of Balakrishnan and Sanghvi. The allelic and genotypic frequencies were similar to those of other Holstein populations. The genotypic frequencies of the alphas1-casein and beta-casein loci were in equilibrium, whereas in some populations the k-casein and beta-lactoglobulin loci were not. According to the Shannon-Weaver index the total genetic diversity within each herd was greater than 96%. The high values of identity agreed with the low genetic distances among populations. We conclude that there is extensive genetic homogeneity in Holstein cattle in Córdoba Province and that it would be feasible to select for B alleles at the k-casein and b-lactoglobulin loci in order to improve the quality of milk available for cheese manufacturing.

scholarly journals Species identification of Anguilla japonica by real-time PCR based on a sequence detection system: a practical application to eggs and larvae

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1915-1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Minegishi ◽  
Tatsuki Yoshinaga ◽  
Jun Aoyama ◽  
Katsumi Tsukamoto
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Anguilla Japonica ◽  
Sequence Detection ◽  
Target Region ◽  
System A ◽  
Sequence Variations ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

Abstract Minegishi, Y., Yoshinaga, T., Aoyama, J., and Tsukamoto, K. 2009. Species identification of Anguilla japonica by real-time PCR based on a sequence detection system: a practical application to eggs and larvae. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1915–1918. To develop a practical method for identifying Japanese eel Anguilla japonica eggs and larvae to species by a sequence detection system using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we examined (i) the sensitivity of the system using samples at various developmental stages, and (ii) influences of intra- and interspecific DNA sequence variations in the PCR target region. PCR amplifications with extracted DNA solution at 7.0 ng µl−1 or lower were efficient at distinguishing A. japonica from other anguillids. A single egg at the gastrula or later developmental stages could also be identified. Two sequence variations in the PCR target region were observed in 2 out of 35 A. japonica collected from three localities, and from four year classes at a single locality. These mutations, however, did not affect the result of species identification achieved by A. japonica-specific PCR primers and probe. The accuracy of this PCR-based method of species identification will help in field surveys of the species.

scholarly journals A stochastic model for the simulation of management decisions in dairy herds, with special reference to reproductive performance.

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-61
Author(s):  
A.A. Dijkhuizen ◽  
S. Hibma ◽  
J.A. Renkema
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Management Decisions

A 15 year simulation was carried out in order to test a model for dairy cattle culling. Provisional results indicate that decreasing max. allowed calving interval from 520 to 360 days decreases herd income due to adverse effects on herd life. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Genetic structure analysis of leaf rust resistant triticale accessions from the VIR collection using gliadin patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
T. I. Peneva ◽  
N. M. Martynenko ◽  
E. Yu. Kudryavtseva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Gliadin Patterns ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Ongoing Formation ◽  
Genotypic Structure

The gliadin banding patterns of important accessions from the collection of the N. I. Vavilov All‑Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) registered in the form of “protein formulas” provide reliable information for the preparation of a “protein passport” for each accession and is convenient for storage and computer processing. It helps to control originality and integrity of accessions during regeneration and their use in breeding. The study involved 17 triticale accessions resistant to leaf rust. The analysis was carried out on single grains of the original accession (a sample of 13–26 kernels) according to the standard protocol adopted by VIR and approved by the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA). The gliadin electrophoretic banding patterns of triticale accessions were registered in the form of “protein formulas”; polymorphism of each accession and genetic diversity within the collection were estimated, and genetic structure of accessions was identified based on the marker protein components. A large variety of the revealed genotypes opens a possibility to identify accessions that combine resistance with other useful traits. Stable and polymorphic accessions including from 2 to 7 biotypes were found. The discovery of interbiotype hybrids and recombinant genotypes in the composition of some polymorphic accessions indicates the instability of their genetic structure and the ongoing formation process. This is due to the heterogeneity of the original parental forms, the tendency to cross‑pollination and insufficiently thorough selection. The data on the triticale genotypic structure can be used in introgressive breeding to control the transfer of rye genetic material to wheat varieties in order to increase their immunity and resistance to adverse factors.

Escherichia coli O157 in Cull Dairy Cows on Farm and at Slaughter

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1386-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL H. RICE ◽  
ERIC D. EBEL ◽  
DALE D. HANCOCK ◽  
THOMAS E. BESSER ◽  
DONALD E. HERRIOTT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cull Cows ◽  
On Farm

Cull dairy cattle both on the farm and at slaughter from herds in the states of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington were surveyed for Escherichia coli O157 by culturing fecal swab samples. A total of 205 cull cows from 19 dairy herds were sampled on the farm of origin; 7 (3.4%) tested positive for E. coli O157. A total of 103 cull cows from 15 dairy herds were sampled at slaughter; 4 (3.9%) were positive for E. coli O157. Eighty-nine cull cows were sampled both at the farm and at slaughter; 2 (2.2%) were positive in both locations, 3 (3.3%) only on the farm, and 2 (2.2%) only at the slaughter plant. Seven (7.9%) of the 89 cull cows tracked from farm to slaughter were positive in at least one location. This suggests a higher prevalence of E. coli O157 in cull dairy cattle than previously has been reported to occur in other ages and classes of cattle.

An automatic lameness detection system for dairy cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Gourab Sen Gupta ◽  
Aaron Dalbeth ◽  
Johann Nel ◽  
Ken Mercer
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Detection System
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