Leprosy and gender in Brazil: trends in an endemic area of the Northeast region, 2001–2014

OBJECTIVE: To analyze, stratifield by gender, trends of the new case leprosy detection rates in the general population and in children; of grade 2 disability, and of proportion of multibacillary cases, in the state of Bahia, Brazil from 2001 to 2014. METHODS: A time series study based on leprosy data from the National Information System for Notifiable Diseases. The time trend analysis included Poisson regression models by infection points (Joinpoint) stratified by gender. RESULTS: There was a total of 40,054 new leprosy cases with a downward trend of the overall detection rate (Average Annual Percent Change [AAPC = -0.4, 95%CI -2.8–1.9] and a nonsignificant increase in children under 15 years (AAPC = 0.2, 95%CI -3.9–4.5). The proportion of grade 2 disability among new cases increased significantly (AAPC = 4.0, 95%CI 1.3–6.8), as well as the proportion of multibacillary cases (AAPC = 2.2, 95%CI 0.1–4.3). Stratification by gender showed a downward trend of detection rates in females and no significant change in males; in females, there was a more pronounced upward trend of the proportion of multibacillary and grade 2 disability cases. CONCLUSIONS: Leprosy is still highly endemic in the state of Bahia, with active transmission, late diagnosis, and a probable hidden endemic. There are different gender patterns, indicating the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment, specifically in males without neglecting the situation among females.

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Trend analysis of leprosy indicators in a hyperendemic Brazilian state, 2001–2015

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053000752 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jefferson De Jesus Silva Anchieta ◽

Léa Márcia Melo da Costa ◽

Leonardo Costa Campos ◽

Maurício Dos Remédios Vieira ◽

Osvaldina Silva Mota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Trend Analysis ◽

Regional Differences ◽

Temporal Trend ◽

The State ◽

Downward Trend ◽

Upward Trend ◽

Time Series Study ◽

Series Study ◽

Very High

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the temporal trend of leprosy indicators in a hyperendemic state of Brazil, from 2001–2015. METHODS:This is a time-series study of leprosy indicators in the state of Maranhão, Northeastern region of Brazil. The study used data from the Brazilian National System of Reportable Diseases, for the period between 2001 and 2015. The following indicators were evaluated: (i) detection coefficient in the general population; (ii) detection coefficient in people under 15 years old; (iii) rate of cases with grade 2 physical disability in the diagnosis; (iv) rate of examined contacts, and (v) proportion of healing . The Prais-Winsten regression model was used for trend analysis. Analyses were performed for the state and by each health region. RESULTS: 77,697 leprosy cases were analyzed in the general population and 7,599 in individuals under 15 years old. The detection coefficient in the general population ranged from 80.7/100 thousand inhabitants in 2001 to 51.2/100 thousand inhabitants in 2015. The coefficient in the general population presented a downward trend (annual percentage variation [APV] = -2.98; 95%CI -4.15– -1.79). For the population under 15 years old, the rate was 24.9/100 thousand inhabitants in 2001, and 19.9/100 thousand inhabitants in 2015, with downward trend (APV = -3.07; 95%CI -4.95– -1.15). It was observed upward trend in rate of contacts examined (APV = 2.35; 95%CI 0.58–4.15) and rate of cases with grade 2 disability (APV = 2.19; 95%CI 0.23–4.19). Stationary trend was observed in the proportion of healing (APV = -0.10; 95%CI -0.50–0.30). Regional differences were found in the performance of the indicators. CONCLUSIONS: A downward trend for the detection coefficients in the general population and in individuals under 15 years old was found in Maranhão. Despite this result, the rates are still very high, demanding efforts from all spheres of public administration and health professionals to reduce the burden of the disease in the state.

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Increase in the risk of snakebites incidence due to changes in humidity levels: A time series study in four municipalities of the state of Rondônia

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/0037-8682-0377-2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alex Augusto Ferreira e Ferreira ◽

Valdison Pereira dos Reis ◽

Charles Nunes Boeno ◽

Jaina Rodrigues Evangelista ◽

Hallison Mota Santana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

The State ◽

Time Series Study ◽

Series Study

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Matrix of critical processes of violence against and between young university students: the experience of nursing

Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP ◽

10.1590/s1980-220x2020004303716 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

Author(s):

Melissa dos Reis Pinto Mafra Fialla ◽

Liliana Müller Larocca ◽

Maria Marta Nolasco Chaves ◽

Rafaela Gessner Lourenço

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

University Students ◽

The State ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Public Health Nursing ◽

Time Series Study ◽

Different Types ◽

The Matrix ◽

Health Nursing ◽

Series Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the steps that led to the formulation of a matrix of critical processes as an experience of public health nursing as part of reflections about coping with violence against and between young university students. Method: Mixed methods study. During the quantitative step, a descriptive, retrospective, time series study was carried out with data available in the Brazilian Information System for Notifiable Diseases, which recorded 854 cases of violence against and between young university students, whose ages ranged from 18 to 29 years old, reported in the state of Paraná, Brazil, between 2009 and 2015. 'The qualitative step focused on producing a descriptive study with 68 university students by applying content analysis, supported by the software webQDA. Results: The formulated matrix of critical processes showed protection and attrition processes, as well as weaknesses in their domains and dimensions, which allowed reflection on the interventions necessary to transform the objective reality of violence against and between young university students in the state of Paraná. Conclusion: Formulating the matrix of critical processes as an experience of reflection about coping with different types of violence allowed the application of theoretical and practical dialogue in a dialect of contraries, a principle that is foundational in public health nursing practice.

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Seropositivity for Chagas disease in blood donors from the state of Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil: an 11-year time series study

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/0037-8682-0339-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

Author(s):

Sílvia Letícia da Conceição Abreu ◽

Márcio Bezerra-Santos ◽

Flávia Silva Damasceno

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Chagas Disease ◽

Blood Donors ◽

The State ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Time Series Study ◽

Series Study

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Temporal trend of leprosy among the elderly in Brazil, 2001 – 2018

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública ◽

10.26633/rpsp.2020.12 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Margarida Cristiana Napoleão Rocha ◽

Mauricio Lisboa Nobre ◽

Leila Posenato Garcia

Keyword(s):

Elderly People ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Contact Tracing ◽

Annual Percent Change ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Percent Change ◽

Series Study

Objective. To describe the temporal trends of leprosy indicators among the elderly in Brazil in 2001 – 2018. Methods. This was an ecological time-series study of new leprosy cases in the elderly reported to the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Prais-Winsten generalized linear regression was used to estimate temporal variations. Results. There were 687 317 new leprosy cases in Brazil from 2001 – 2018, of which 129 214 (18.8%) were among elderly people. Overall detection rates in the elderly and of new cases with grade-2 disability showed a falling trend, with an annual percent change of -4.6% (95%CI = -5.1 to -4.0) and -3.9% (95%CI = -4.6 to -3.2). New case and new multibacillary case proportions showed an increasing trend, with an annual percent change of 2.9% (95%CI = 2.6 to 3.3) and 1.4% (95%CI = 1.0 to 1.7), respectively. Detection rates for new leprosy cases in elderly people in Brazil are decreasing, but the proportion of new cases and multibacillary cases are trending upwards. Conclusions. New cases are shifting to older age groups, and demographic transition and immunosenescence are an influence. Inadequate reduction of grade-2 disability indicates a high risk of physical disability persists. Improved contact tracing and more effective action are needed in this age group.

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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on coping with Leprosy in Sergipe, Brazil, 2020

10.5327/1516-3180.510 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rômulo Rodrigues de Souza Silva ◽

Thais Silva Matos ◽

Tarcísio Fulgêncio Alves da Silva ◽

Rodrigo Feliciano do Carmo ◽

Márcio Bezerra Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Physical Disability ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

The State ◽

Clinical Form ◽

Time Series Study ◽

Monthly Average ◽

The Impact ◽

Series Study

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the dynamics of other existing diseases in Brazil, such as Leprosy. Objectives: To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on leprosy indicators in the general population and in children under 15 in the state of Sergipe, in 2020. Methods: An ecological time series study was carried out including all new cases of leprosy diagnosed and reported in the state of Sergipe between 2017 and 2020. The variables were analyzed: i. Number of new cases, monthly average and detection coefficient in the general population and in children under 15 years old/ 00 thousand inhabitants, ii. Proportion of ignored / blank / unclassified in the epidemiological variables, iii. Proportion of contacts of new leprosy cases that were examined during the year. A descriptive analysis was conducted. Results: In 2020, there was a 22.2% reduction in the number of new leprosy cases in the general population (325 in 2019; 253 in 2020) and a 44.4% reduction in the general detection coefficient (14.1/100 thousand in 2019; 7.9 cases/100 thousand in 2020). In children under 15 years old, there was a 50.0% decrease in records (22 cases in 2019; 11 cases in 2020) and 49.8% in the detection coefficient (4.2/100 thousand in 2019; 2.1/100 thousand in 2020). The number of municipalities without a record of the disease increased, both in the general population, which went from 25 (33.3%) municipalities in 2019 to 29 (38.6%) in 2020, and in those under 15 years of age, from 63 (84.0%) to 68 (90.7%). There was an increase in the proportion of ignored/ blank/ unclassified fields in the variables race/color, education, clinical form and assessment of physical disability in the diagnosis. The contact examination decreased from 78.7% to 68.9%. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a negative impact in the fight against leprosy in Sergipe. The challenges posed by the pandemic must urgently be considered in the development of mitigation plans and or strategies.

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TEMPORAL TRENDS IN THE DETECTION RATES OF HEPATITIS B IN THE SANTA CATARINA STATE, BRAZIL

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652014000200011 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 151-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chaiana Esmeraldino Mendes Marcon ◽

Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider ◽

Jefferson Traebert

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Annual Variation ◽

Direct Method ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Joinpoint Regression ◽

Santa Catarina ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Time Series Study ◽

Series Study

Hepatitis B is a serious public health problem. The state of Santa Catarina presents areas of high endemicity. The aim of this study was to describe temporal trends in detection rates of hepatitis B in the period from 2002 to 2009 in Santa Catarina and in its regions. A time series study was carried out. Crude rates were calculated and standardized by age using the direct method. Annual variation percentages were estimated by Joinpoint regression. There were two distinct and significant trends in Santa Catarina. From 2002 to 2006 a significant increase of 5.9% per year was observed. From 2006, there was a significant decrease of 6.4% per year. In this same period the southern and far-western regions had significant increases of 15.9% and 4.6% and significant decreases of 7.5% and 4.8%, respectively. Greater Florianópolis and Northeast also showed significant increases until 2006, of 15.4% and 17.4%, respectively. In the following period, non-significant decreases of 5.8% and 9.8% respectively were observed. Foz do Rio Itajaí and Planalto Serrano showed non-significant increases up to half of the studied period of 21.1% and 12.0%, respectively and after, significant decreases of 21.5% and 18.0%, respectively. Vale do Itajaí showed a significant decrease of 9.7%; Planalto Norte showed a non-significant decrease of 0.6% and Midwest a non-significant increase of 2.7% per year, in the period from 2002 to 2009.

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