scholarly journals TEMPORAL TRENDS IN THE DETECTION RATES OF HEPATITIS B IN THE SANTA CATARINA STATE, BRAZIL

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaiana Esmeraldino Mendes Marcon ◽  
Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider ◽  
Jefferson Traebert
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Time Series Study ◽  
Series Study

Hepatitis B is a serious public health problem. The state of Santa Catarina presents areas of high endemicity. The aim of this study was to describe temporal trends in detection rates of hepatitis B in the period from 2002 to 2009 in Santa Catarina and in its regions. A time series study was carried out. Crude rates were calculated and standardized by age using the direct method. Annual variation percentages were estimated by Joinpoint regression. There were two distinct and significant trends in Santa Catarina. From 2002 to 2006 a significant increase of 5.9% per year was observed. From 2006, there was a significant decrease of 6.4% per year. In this same period the southern and far-western regions had significant increases of 15.9% and 4.6% and significant decreases of 7.5% and 4.8%, respectively. Greater Florianópolis and Northeast also showed significant increases until 2006, of 15.4% and 17.4%, respectively. In the following period, non-significant decreases of 5.8% and 9.8% respectively were observed. Foz do Rio Itajaí and Planalto Serrano showed non-significant increases up to half of the studied period of 21.1% and 12.0%, respectively and after, significant decreases of 21.5% and 18.0%, respectively. Vale do Itajaí showed a significant decrease of 9.7%; Planalto Norte showed a non-significant decrease of 0.6% and Midwest a non-significant increase of 2.7% per year, in the period from 2002 to 2009.

scholarly journals Leprosy and gender in Brazil: trends in an endemic area of the Northeast region, 2001–2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Amorim de Souza ◽  
Anderson Fuentes Ferreira ◽  
Reagan Nzundu Boigny ◽  
Carlos Henrique Alencar ◽  
Jorg Heukelbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Time Series Study ◽  
Gender Patterns ◽  
And Gender ◽  
National Information ◽  
Series Study

OBJECTIVE: To analyze, stratifield by gender, trends of the new case leprosy detection rates in the general population and in children; of grade 2 disability, and of proportion of multibacillary cases, in the state of Bahia, Brazil from 2001 to 2014. METHODS: A time series study based on leprosy data from the National Information System for Notifiable Diseases. The time trend analysis included Poisson regression models by infection points (Joinpoint) stratified by gender. RESULTS: There was a total of 40,054 new leprosy cases with a downward trend of the overall detection rate (Average Annual Percent Change [AAPC = -0.4, 95%CI -2.8–1.9] and a nonsignificant increase in children under 15 years (AAPC = 0.2, 95%CI -3.9–4.5). The proportion of grade 2 disability among new cases increased significantly (AAPC = 4.0, 95%CI 1.3–6.8), as well as the proportion of multibacillary cases (AAPC = 2.2, 95%CI 0.1–4.3). Stratification by gender showed a downward trend of detection rates in females and no significant change in males; in females, there was a more pronounced upward trend of the proportion of multibacillary and grade 2 disability cases. CONCLUSIONS: Leprosy is still highly endemic in the state of Bahia, with active transmission, late diagnosis, and a probable hidden endemic. There are different gender patterns, indicating the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment, specifically in males without neglecting the situation among females.

scholarly journals Long-Term Trend of Liver Cancer Mortality in Serbia, 1991–2015: An Age-Period-Cohort and Joinpoint Regression Analysis

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 283
Author(s):  
Irena Ilic ◽  
Sandra Sipetic Grujicic ◽  
Jovan Grujicic ◽  
Djordje Radovanovic ◽  
Ivana Zivanovic Macuzic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
The World

Background and Objectives: Trends of liver cancer mortality vary widely around the world. The purpose of this study was to assess the trend of liver cancer mortality in Serbia. Material and Methods: Descriptive epidemiological study design was used in this research. The age-standardized rates (ASRs, per 100,000) were calculated using the direct method, according to the World standard population. Temporal trends were assessed using the average annual percent change (AAPC) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI), according to joinpoint regression. An age-period-cohort analysis was used to evaluate the underlying factors for liver cancer mortality trends. Results: In Serbia from 1991 to 2015, over 11,000 men and nearly 8000 women died from liver cancer. The trend in liver cancer mortality significantly decreased both in men (AAPC = −1.3%; 95% CI = −1.7 to −0.9) and women (AAPC = −1.5%; 95% CI = −1.9 to −1.1). For liver cancer mortality, statistically significant cohort and period effects were observed in both genders. Conclusions: The downward trends in liver cancer mortality in Serbia are recorded during the past decades.

scholarly journals Clinical and epidemiological indicators and spatial analysis of leprosy cases in patients under 15 years old in an endemic area of Northeast Brazil: an ecological and time series study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e023420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Bezerra Santos ◽  
Allan Dantas dos Santos ◽  
Aline Silva Barreto ◽  
Mariana do Rosário Souza ◽  
Marco Aurélio de Oliveira Goes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Physical Disability ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Time Series Study ◽  
Series Study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyse the clinical and epidemiological indicators, temporal trends and the spatial distribution of leprosy in patients under 15 years old in an endemic area of Northeast Brazil.DesignRegional surveillance study of all reported cases.SettingState of Sergipe, endemic area of Northeast Brazil.MethodsAn ecological and time series study was conducted, based on secondary data reported by the Brazilian Information System on Notifiable Diseases for leprosy cases diagnosed in Sergipe state (2002–2015). The analysis of temporal trends was performed using the Joinpoint Regression Programme through Poisson regression. We performed spatial analysis by Kernel estimator and Moran index.ResultsThe incidence rate was reduced from 6.29 to 3.78 cases per 100 000 inhabitants in 2002 and 2015, respectively. However, Sergipe was still classified as highly endemicity in 2015. The mean number of household contacts (HHC) examined was significantly lower than those registered. Clinical data indicated that 21.4% of the patients developed leprosy reactions, and 31.3% presented with some physical disability in the multibacillary groups. Patients diagnosed by examination within the HHC presented better indicators, such as lower percentage of leprosy reaction and physical disability. Spatial analysis showed the most risk areas distributed on the northeast and cities around the capital, Aracaju.ConclusionThe data indicate that there is a persistence of activeMyobacterium lepraetransmission and a delay in disease detection, following a pattern of high endemicity in many municipalities. The early detection by HHC examination is important to stop transmission and also to detect the cases in a less severe state.

scholarly journals Congenital anomalies in Santa Catarina: case distribution and trends in 2010–2018

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Muraro Vanassi ◽  
Gabriel Cremona Parma ◽  
Vivyane Santiago Magalhaes ◽  
Augusto César Cardoso dos Santos ◽  
Betine Pinto Moehlecke Iser
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Infant Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Time Series Study ◽  
Series Study ◽  
Related Mortality ◽  
Case Distribution

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the distribution of cases of congenital anomalies in the state of Santa Catarina by health macro-region, to determine the frequency according to maternal and neonatal variables, to estimate the related mortality, and the trends in the period 2010–2018. Methods: An ecological time-series study with secondary data on congenital anomalies and the sociodemographic and health variables of mothers and newborns living in Santa Catarina, from 2010 to 2018. For temporal trend analysis, generalized linear regression was performed using the Prais-Winsten method with robust variance. Results: The average prevalence of congenital anomalies in the period was 8.9 cases per 1,000 live births, being 9.4 cases by 1,000 live births in 2010 and, in 2018, 8.2/1,000. The trend remained stable in the analyzed period. The major malformations were musculoskeletal, hip, and foot malformations, with a proportion ≥30%. There was a higher prevalence of congenital anomalies in low birthweight, preterm, male livebirths with Apgar≤7, born by cesarean section, mothers of older age (≥40 years), and less educated (less than eight years of study). Infant mortality due to congenital malformations was 2.6 deaths/1,000 live births, representing about 25.8% of the total infant deaths in the period. Conclusions: The frequency of congenital anomalies and the mortality with anomalies was stable in the studied period in Santa Catarina. The presence of anomalies was associated with low birth weight, prematurity, and low Apgar score. The highest proportion of congenital anomalies was in the musculoskeletal system.

scholarly journals TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE AND BLOOD ALCOHOL CONTENT OF SUICIDE VICTIMS IN THE FAR WEST OF SANTA CATARINA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-188
Author(s):  
Eduardo Ottobelli Chielle ◽  
Fagner Genz ◽  
Abel Petter
Keyword(s):  
Tricyclic Antidepressants ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Time Series Study ◽  
Blood Alcohol Content ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Toxicological Profile ◽  
Series Study

Suicide has been a subject of increasing concern and the toxicological and blood alcohol investigate in these victims is little studied. This study investigated the toxicological and blood alcohol profile of suicide victims in 27 municipalities in the extreme west of Santa Catarina. Aggregate time series study, with a survey of epidemiological data and analysis of expert reports by the Medical Legal Institute of all fatal victims of suicide, registered in the period between 2012 to 2016. Results: Males, aged 50-59 years, were the main victims and the hanging the main suicide method. The months of February and November, Sundays and the time of 08:00 to 11:59 were the moments of greater occurrences. Elevated levels of alcohol were observed in 23.97% of the victims and the main drugs found were benzodiazepines and tricyclic antidepressants. The results obtained in this study reinforce the concern regarding cases of suicide and an association between alcohol/drug use and suicidal practices. The data provide subsidies for elaboration and implementation of preventive actions. Professionals should be alert to signs of suicide, so that specialized help becomes a possible option, and is instrumental in reducing the number of suicides.

scholarly journals Temporal trends in female breast cancer mortality in Brazil and correlations with social inequalities: ecological time-series study

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Maciel Reis Gonzaga ◽  
Ruffo Freitas-Junior ◽  
Maria-Paula Curado ◽  
Ana-Luiza Lima Sousa ◽  
José-Augusto Souza-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Breast Cancer Mortality ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Female Breast Cancer ◽  
Time Series Study ◽  
Female Breast ◽  
Series Study

scholarly journals Mortality due to cardiovascular diseases in the Americas by region, 2000-2009

2014 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilma Pinheiro Gawryszewski ◽  
Maria de Fatima Marinho de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Time Series Study ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Pan American ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Latin America Countries ◽  
Series Study

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. The aim here was to evaluate trends in mortality due to cardiovascular diseases in three different regions of the Americas. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a time series study in which mortality data from three different regions in the Americas from 2000 to the latest year available were analyzed. METHODS: The source of data was the Mortality Information System of the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO). Data from 27 countries were included. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to analyze trends. RESULTS: During the study period, the age-adjusted mortality rates for men were higher than those of females in all regions. North America (NA) showed lower rates than Latin America countries (LAC) and the Non-Latin Caribbean (NLC). Premature deaths (30-69 years old) accounted for 22.8% of all deaths in NA, 38.0% in LAC and 41.8% in NLC. The trend analysis also showed a significant decline in the three regions. NA accumulated the largest decline. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) and 95% confidence interval was -3.9% [-4.2; -3.7] in NA; -1.8% [-2.2; -1.5] in LAC; and -1.8% [-2.7; -0.9] in NLC. CONCLUSION: Different mortality rates and reductions were observed among the three regions.

scholarly journals Temporal trend of leprosy among the elderly in Brazil, 2001 – 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Margarida Cristiana Napoleão Rocha ◽  
Mauricio Lisboa Nobre ◽  
Leila Posenato Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Series Study

Objective. To describe the temporal trends of leprosy indicators among the elderly in Brazil in 2001 – 2018. Methods. This was an ecological time-series study of new leprosy cases in the elderly reported to the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Prais-Winsten generalized linear regression was used to estimate temporal variations. Results. There were 687 317 new leprosy cases in Brazil from 2001 – 2018, of which 129 214 (18.8%) were among elderly people. Overall detection rates in the elderly and of new cases with grade-2 disability showed a falling trend, with an annual percent change of -4.6% (95%CI = -5.1 to -4.0) and -3.9% (95%CI = -4.6 to -3.2). New case and new multibacillary case proportions showed an increasing trend, with an annual percent change of 2.9% (95%CI = 2.6 to 3.3) and 1.4% (95%CI = 1.0 to 1.7), respectively. Detection rates for new leprosy cases in elderly people in Brazil are decreasing, but the proportion of new cases and multibacillary cases are trending upwards. Conclusions. New cases are shifting to older age groups, and demographic transition and immunosenescence are an influence. Inadequate reduction of grade-2 disability indicates a high risk of physical disability persists. Improved contact tracing and more effective action are needed in this age group.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis forecasting and temporal trends by gender and age in a high endemic city of Northeast Brazil: Are we achieving the disease elimination stage?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Leandro Andrade ◽  
Luiz Arroyo ◽  
Antônio Carlos Ramos ◽  
Marcelino Neto ◽  
Melina Yamamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Time Series Study ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Series Study

Abstract Objective: to describe the temporal trend of tuberculosis cases according to gender and age group and to make forecasts in an endemic municipality of northeast Brazil. Method: This was a Time Series study, carried out in a municipality in the northeast of Brazil. Population was composed of tuberculosis cases among residents of the municipality, reported between the years 2002 and 2018. An exploratory analysis of the monthly rates of tuberculosis detection, smoothed according to gender and age group, was performed. Subsequently, the progression of the trend and predictions of the disease were also characterized according to these aspects. For the trends forecast, the seasonal autoregressive linear integrated moving average – Seasonal ARIMA model and the usual Box-Jenkins method were used to choose the most appropriate models.Results: A total of 1,620 cases of tuberculosis were reported, with an incidence of 49.7 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in men and 34.0 per 100,000 in women. Regarding the incidence for both genders, there was a decreasing trend, which was similar for age. Evidence resulting from the application of the time series shows a decreasing trend between the years 2002–2018, however, it is unlikely that there will be a significant fall in the disease before 2022.

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