scholarly journals Butterfly diversity throughout Midnapore urban area in West Bengal, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 14816-14826
Author(s):  
Surjyo Jyoti Biswas ◽  
Debarun Patra ◽  
Soumyajit Roy ◽  
Santosh Kumar Giri ◽  
Suman Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Total Population ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
Butterfly Community ◽  
Butterfly Communities ◽  
High Diversity

Butterflies have always attracted attention due to their unique colourations.  As most butterflies are highly specific in their niche utilisation, abundance of the species in a locality may advocate status of ecosystem functioning and environmental health.  In recent times, different anthropogenic activities and unscientific management of nature have resulted in a decline of butterfly communities at a rapid rate.  The objective of the present study is to study butterfly diversity in and around Midnapore Town, West Bengal, India.  A total of 82 butterfly species belonging to six families were recorded during the two years of the study period.  Of the six families Nymphalidae is the most abundant family comprising 42.54% of the total population followed by Lycaenidae (22.5%), Pieridae (19.03%), Papilionidae (8.58%), Hesperiidae (7.24%), and Riodinidae (0.11%).  Different diversity indices, Lorenz curve, Whittaker plot, and Gini index show high diversity in the butterfly community structure.  As Midnapore Town is the connecting area between the plains of Bengal and Chota Nagpur Plateau, the present study may be the baseline for further ecological, environmental, and conservation studies. 

scholarly journals Butterfly diversity in heterogeneous habitat of Bankura, West Bengal, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 15804-15816
Author(s):  
Kalyan Mukherjee ◽  
Ayan Mondal
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitats ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitat ◽  
Chotanagpur Plateau ◽  
Bankura District

Butterfly diversity was observed in different habitats of Bankura District, West Bengal, India.  This district is located at the junction of Chotanagpur plateau and Gangetic plain; it contains a variety of transitional habitats.  We found 117 butterfly species from our covered survey area.  The highest species recorded in the present study belonged to family Lycaenidae (30.76%) and Nymphalidae (29.91%) followed by Hesperiidae (16.23%), Pieridae (13.67%), Papilionidae (8.54%), and Riodinidae (0.85%), respectively.  Based on sighting we found that 12.82% of all the butterflies recorded were abundant in nature while 21.36% were very common, 41.88% were frequent, and 23.93% were rare. Cluster analysis and other diversity indices gives us an overall idea about environmental health.  The pattern of diversity change from plain to plateau gradient gives important insight about ecological edge effect.  High species number in relation with low individual numbers were found in forest habitat.  This preliminary study showed that heterogeneous habitats could harbour many butterflies and need proper conservation efforts to sustain it. 

Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) diversity in relation to habitat utilization at Jagannath Kishore College, Purulia, West Bengal (India)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
DIPANWITA DAS
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
Tridax Procumbens ◽  
Eurema Hecabe ◽  
Purulia District ◽  
One Year

Documentation of butterfly diversity is necessary for ecosystem management both at the local and the global scales. The varied types of  functional role of the butterflies qualify them for conservation and thus sustenance of the ecosystem services. Information about the biodiversity of Purulia district as well as arid regions of Chota Nagpur Plateau is insufficient and this necessitates to investigate about the butterfly diversity of Purulia which will provide subsequent information for ecosystem management. On the basis of this proposition, the present study was carried out in the campus of Jagannath Kishore College, Purulia, West Bengal (India). The species richness, species diversity, seasonal variation and habitat utilisation by the butterflies were studied for a period of one year between February 2016 and January 2017 with photographic documentation. A total of seventy-one butterfly species under five families were encountered, of which, the family Nymphalidae represented highest number of species. The butterfly species richness was lower in summer probably due to the scarcity of water, but during monsoon and post-monsoon seasons water availabitity boost up the vegetation and therefore species richness increased to its maximum. Among the different species, Eurema hecabe was the most abundant species throughout the year followed by Leptosia nina, Danaus chrysippus and Catopsilia pomona. In the study area, thirty-one species of herbs and shrubs were identified as nectaring plants for adult butterflies. Among them, Tridax procumbens, Lantana camara, Alternanthera sessilis and Tagetes sp. were recognized as the preferred nectaring plants based on the number of butterflies visiting them. As an effort for conservation of the butterflies, the information on the plants and the species avaialble in the concerned region may be used further. However, long term monitoring of the concerned region is recommended to understand the changes in the environmental quality as reflected through the variations in the butterfly species assemblages. 

scholarly journals Butterfly fauna of Baghmundi, Purulia, West Bengal, India: a preliminary checklist

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 10198
Author(s):  
Supriya Samanta ◽  
Dipanwita Das ◽  
Sudipta Mandal
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Local People ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
First Report ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
Photographic Documentation ◽  
Butterfly Fauna ◽  
Purulia District ◽  
Total Species

The butterfly diversity of Baghmundi, Purulia District (22.600–23.500N & 85.750–86.650E), West Bengal, India was studied from January 2014 to December 2015 with photographic documentation.  A total of 54 butterfly species were recorded representing 39 genera in six families.  Nymphalidae was the most dominant family with 46.3% of the total species.  As this is the first report of butterfly diversity from this region, the present study may help in planning conservation strategies and generate awareness among the local people and government authorities to save wildlife and their habitats.

Butterflies (Lepidoptera - Rhopalocera) of coastal areas of Southern West Bengal, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-290
Author(s):  
Arajush Payra
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Wildlife Protection ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
First Time

The present study was carried out to prepare a checklist of butterflies in the Coastal areas of Purba Medinipur District of southern West Bengal between January 2014 and February 2016. A total of 112 butterfly species belonging to 74 genera under 14 subfamilies and five families were recorded during the study period. Nymphalidae and Lycaenidae were the most dominant family, whereas Papilionidae was the least dominant family. Among 112 butterfly species recorded, 9 species were legally protected under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. A total of 59 species were newly recorded in the study area. Suastus minuta Moore, 1877 was recorded for the first time in West Bengal. The present results also provide a detailed comparison of butterfly diversity among different studies conducted in southern West Bengal.   Citation: Payra A., Mishra R. K., Mondal K., 2017. Butterflies (Lepidoptera - Rhopalocera) of coastal areas of Southern West Bengal, India. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 39(3): 276-390. DOI: 10.15625/0866-7160/v39n3.9243. Received 21 February 2017, accepted 10 March 2017 *Corresponding author: [email protected] 

scholarly journals Butterfly diversity and abundance with reference to habitat heterogeneity in and around Neora Valley National Park, West Bengal, India

Our Nature ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utpal Singha Roy ◽  
Mayukh Mukherjee ◽  
S. K. Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Anthropogenic Intervention

Butterfly diversity in and around Neora Valley National Park (NVNP), West Bengal, India was studied from three different habitat types that included thick vegetation assemblage with closed canopy cover, edges of forest and areas of human intervention during April – May 2010. A total of 30 butterfly species belonging to the families of Hespeririidae (3.33%), Papilionidae (16.65%), Pieriidae (13.32%), Nymphalidae (53.28%) and Lycaenidae (13.32%) were identified in the present investigation. Highest butterfly diversity and abundance was recorded from areas of forest edges (54.83% of individuals represented by 16 different species), while dense forest (30.64 % of individuals represented by 11 different species) and areas with human habitats (14.52 % of individuals represented by 8 different species) showed lower butterfly diversity and abundance. Accordingly highest Shannon Weiner diversity score of 2.32 was recorded from areas of forest edges. The butterflies that showed high occurrences were Indian Tortoise Shell (Aglais cashmiriensis), Yellow Coster (Acraea issoria) and Himalayan Five Ring (Ypthima sakra). Only 1 butterfly species, Yellow Coster (A. issoria) was found to co-occur in all the three sites. Accelerating human civilizations has lead to destruction of much of the global natural habitats while it has often been found to exert adverse effects on biodiversity. Findings made during this study also indicate negative influence of anthropogenic intervention on overall butterfly diversity from the present location.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7751

scholarly journals Local Habitat Characteristics Determine Butterfly Diversity and Community Structure in a Threatened Kihansi Gorge Forest, Southern Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfan Abeid Rija
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitats ◽  
Udzungwa Mountains ◽  
Butterfly Community ◽  
Butterfly Communities ◽  
Local Habitat

Abstract Background Many species inhabiting Kihansi gorge ecosystem in Southern Udzungwa mountains, Tanzania are threatened with extinction due to habitat loss caused by constructed hydropower plant that diverted over 90% of the water off the Kihansi River. Understanding ecological correlates and structure of an animal community in perturbed ecosystems is an important way to enhancing species conservation particularly in this system where several species are already threatened with extinction. This study assessed influences of local habitat characteristics on the butterfly abundance, species richness and diversity and examined how the butterfly community structures across three structurally heterogeneous habitats in the Kihansi gorge forest. Butterfly abundance data were collected using baited traps and measured environmental variables in the field where trapping occurred. To understand the diversity and butterfly richness, these parameters were computed under Primer software. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and analysis of community similarity were used to analyse the butterfly community structure. Further, the generalized linear models were used to assess how the measured variables explained observed species diversity, abundance, and richness. Results In total, 72 species of butterfly in five families were recorded. Butterfly, species diversity and richness did not vary across the habitat types or elevation gradient but showed strong correlation with some habitat characteristics. Also, there was evidence of butterfly communities structuring into distinct groups that showed greater separation associated with the habitat characteristics they utilise. Further, across the study area, butterfly species diversity was mostly likely to increase in high canopy and in trees with smaller diameter at breast height and at lower ground cover. Similarly, abundance significantly increased in the woodland and wooded grassland habitats, where there was high canopy and where tree density was high. Furthermore, butterfly species richness was strongly positively associated with high canopy cover and was mostly likely to increase in sites closer to water source. Conclusion Assessing habitat correlates of the butterfly communities provide important information on what components of the habitats are most useful to target when planning conservation especially in threatened ecosystems. This also helps to reveal existing gaps in important knowledge that would be useful to improving long-term monitoring of biodiversity in in fragile systems such as the Kihansi gorge forest.

Diversity and community structure of Ephemeroptera in freshwater stream of Megamalai hills, Tamil Nadu, India

ENTOMON ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
S. Barathy ◽  
T. Sivaruban ◽  
Srinivasan Pandiarajan ◽  
Isack Rajasekaran ◽  
M. Bernath Rosi
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Freshwater Stream ◽  
Species Diversity Indices ◽  
High Diversity

In the study on the diversity and community structure of Ephemeroptera in the freshwater stream of Chinnasuruli falls on Megamalai hills, a total of 523 specimens belonging to thirteen genera and five families were collected in six month periods. Of the five families, Teloganodidae and Leptophlebiidae exhibited high diversity and Caenidae showed low diversity. Choroterpes alagarensis (Leptophlebiidae) is the most dominant species. Diversity indices such as Shannon and Simpson indices showed that diversity was maximum in November and December and it was minimum in August and January. Canonical Correspondence Analysis revealed that rainfall, water flow, turbidity, and air temperature were the major stressors in affecting the Ephemeropteran community structure.

scholarly journals Community Structure of Terrestrial Invertebrates Inhabiting a Tidal Marsh Islet in the Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia)

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 861-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Colombini ◽  
L. Chelazzi ◽  
M. Fallaci
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Marsh ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Gulf Of Gabes ◽  
Terrestrial Invertebrates ◽  
Gulf Of Gabès ◽  
Trapping Methods ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
High Diversity

The composition of the terrestrial arthropod community of a tidal marsh islet in the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia) was studied during two seasons (spring, autumn). The study was conducted on a small islet located in an area where the highest tidal excursions of the Mediterranean occur. Standard trapping methods (pitfall traps, mobile cages) were used to evaluate specie richness and abundance in different areas of the islet. Diversity indices were calculated for coleopterans and isopods alone. The structure of the arthropod community varied a great deal from one season to the other and differences were found when seaward areas were compared with landward ones. El Bessila presented a particularly rich beetle community whereas only few isopod species occurred. The moderately high diversity levels found for the beetle indicate the influence of the high tidal excursions in modelling the structure of the community.

scholarly journals Rainfall as a significant contributing factor to butterfly seasonality along a climatic gradient in the neotropics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
María F. Checa ◽  
Elisa Levy ◽  
Jaqueline Rodriguez ◽  
Keith Willmott
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Climatic Gradient ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
Butterfly Communities ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Seasonal Forests

AbstractWe analyzed the dynamics of multi-species butterfly communities along a climatic gradient with varying precipitation regimes for three consecutive years, and determine how climatic variables associate with observed butterfly seasonality. To provide a baseline for future studies of how climate change might affect these butterfly populations, we additionally explored the role of butterfly seasonality as a potential contributing factor for their susceptibility to climate variation. As far as we know, this represents the first study that simultaneously sampled and described seasonality patterns of tropical butterfly communities across ecosystems with varying climatic seasonality. A 3-year survey was carried out at three sites (i.e., wet, transition and dry forests) across a climatic gradient in western Ecuador. Butterflies were sampled using traps baited with rotting banana and prawn every two months from Nov 2010 to Sep 2013. Traps were set up at two heights, in the understory and canopy. In total, 7046 individuals of 212 species were sampled over 180 sampling days.Butterfly communities exhibited conspicuous intra and inter-annual variation in temporal dynamics with certain elements (e.g., maximum abundance recorded) of seasonality patterns likely synchronized in seasonal forests (i.e., transition and dry forest) across years but not in aseasonal forests (i.e., wet forest). In addition, the highest numbers of species and individuals occurred during the wet season across all study sites and years; indeed, rainfall was significantly positively associated with temporal abundance. Likewise, butterfly species displaying stronger seasonality were significantly associated with higher rainfall periods in seasonal forests. Variation in precipitation regimes might significantly affect more seasonal species.

scholarly journals Variation in butterfly diversity and unique species richness along different habitats in Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary, Tripura, northeast India

Check List ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joydeb Majumder ◽  
Rahul Lodh ◽  
B. K. Agarwala
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
Butterfly Communities ◽  
Unique Species

Quantification of butterfly diversity and species richness is of prime importance for evaluating the status of protected areas. Permanent line transect counts were used to record species richness and abundance of butterfly communities of different habitat types in Trishna wildlife sanctuary. A total of 1005 individuals representing 59 species in 48 genera belonging to five families were recorded in the present study. Of these, 23 species belonged to the family Nymphalidae and accounted for 38.98% of the total species and 45.20% of the total number of individuals. Mature secondary mixed moist deciduous forest showed the maximum diversity and species richness, while exotic grassland showed minimum diversity and species richness. Out of 59 species, 31 are new records for Tripura state, while 21 are unique species and nine are listed in the threatened category. This study revealed that mature secondary forests are more important for butterfly communities, while exotic grasslands have a negative impact on species composition.

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