scholarly journals Butterfly diversity and abundance with reference to habitat heterogeneity in and around Neora Valley National Park, West Bengal, India

Our Nature ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utpal Singha Roy ◽  
Mayukh Mukherjee ◽  
S. K. Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Anthropogenic Intervention

Butterfly diversity in and around Neora Valley National Park (NVNP), West Bengal, India was studied from three different habitat types that included thick vegetation assemblage with closed canopy cover, edges of forest and areas of human intervention during April – May 2010. A total of 30 butterfly species belonging to the families of Hespeririidae (3.33%), Papilionidae (16.65%), Pieriidae (13.32%), Nymphalidae (53.28%) and Lycaenidae (13.32%) were identified in the present investigation. Highest butterfly diversity and abundance was recorded from areas of forest edges (54.83% of individuals represented by 16 different species), while dense forest (30.64 % of individuals represented by 11 different species) and areas with human habitats (14.52 % of individuals represented by 8 different species) showed lower butterfly diversity and abundance. Accordingly highest Shannon Weiner diversity score of 2.32 was recorded from areas of forest edges. The butterflies that showed high occurrences were Indian Tortoise Shell (Aglais cashmiriensis), Yellow Coster (Acraea issoria) and Himalayan Five Ring (Ypthima sakra). Only 1 butterfly species, Yellow Coster (A. issoria) was found to co-occur in all the three sites. Accelerating human civilizations has lead to destruction of much of the global natural habitats while it has often been found to exert adverse effects on biodiversity. Findings made during this study also indicate negative influence of anthropogenic intervention on overall butterfly diversity from the present location.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7751

scholarly journals Butterfly diversity in heterogeneous habitat of Bankura, West Bengal, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 15804-15816
Author(s):  
Kalyan Mukherjee ◽  
Ayan Mondal
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Gangetic Plain ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitats ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitat ◽  
Chotanagpur Plateau ◽  
Bankura District

Butterfly diversity was observed in different habitats of Bankura District, West Bengal, India.  This district is located at the junction of Chotanagpur plateau and Gangetic plain; it contains a variety of transitional habitats.  We found 117 butterfly species from our covered survey area.  The highest species recorded in the present study belonged to family Lycaenidae (30.76%) and Nymphalidae (29.91%) followed by Hesperiidae (16.23%), Pieridae (13.67%), Papilionidae (8.54%), and Riodinidae (0.85%), respectively.  Based on sighting we found that 12.82% of all the butterflies recorded were abundant in nature while 21.36% were very common, 41.88% were frequent, and 23.93% were rare. Cluster analysis and other diversity indices gives us an overall idea about environmental health.  The pattern of diversity change from plain to plateau gradient gives important insight about ecological edge effect.  High species number in relation with low individual numbers were found in forest habitat.  This preliminary study showed that heterogeneous habitats could harbour many butterflies and need proper conservation efforts to sustain it. 

Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) diversity in relation to habitat utilization at Jagannath Kishore College, Purulia, West Bengal (India)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
DIPANWITA DAS
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
Tridax Procumbens ◽  
Eurema Hecabe ◽  
Purulia District ◽  
One Year

Documentation of butterfly diversity is necessary for ecosystem management both at the local and the global scales. The varied types of  functional role of the butterflies qualify them for conservation and thus sustenance of the ecosystem services. Information about the biodiversity of Purulia district as well as arid regions of Chota Nagpur Plateau is insufficient and this necessitates to investigate about the butterfly diversity of Purulia which will provide subsequent information for ecosystem management. On the basis of this proposition, the present study was carried out in the campus of Jagannath Kishore College, Purulia, West Bengal (India). The species richness, species diversity, seasonal variation and habitat utilisation by the butterflies were studied for a period of one year between February 2016 and January 2017 with photographic documentation. A total of seventy-one butterfly species under five families were encountered, of which, the family Nymphalidae represented highest number of species. The butterfly species richness was lower in summer probably due to the scarcity of water, but during monsoon and post-monsoon seasons water availabitity boost up the vegetation and therefore species richness increased to its maximum. Among the different species, Eurema hecabe was the most abundant species throughout the year followed by Leptosia nina, Danaus chrysippus and Catopsilia pomona. In the study area, thirty-one species of herbs and shrubs were identified as nectaring plants for adult butterflies. Among them, Tridax procumbens, Lantana camara, Alternanthera sessilis and Tagetes sp. were recognized as the preferred nectaring plants based on the number of butterflies visiting them. As an effort for conservation of the butterflies, the information on the plants and the species avaialble in the concerned region may be used further. However, long term monitoring of the concerned region is recommended to understand the changes in the environmental quality as reflected through the variations in the butterfly species assemblages. 

scholarly journals Butterfly fauna of Baghmundi, Purulia, West Bengal, India: a preliminary checklist

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 10198
Author(s):  
Supriya Samanta ◽  
Dipanwita Das ◽  
Sudipta Mandal
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Local People ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
First Report ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
Photographic Documentation ◽  
Butterfly Fauna ◽  
Purulia District ◽  
Total Species

The butterfly diversity of Baghmundi, Purulia District (22.600–23.500N & 85.750–86.650E), West Bengal, India was studied from January 2014 to December 2015 with photographic documentation.  A total of 54 butterfly species were recorded representing 39 genera in six families.  Nymphalidae was the most dominant family with 46.3% of the total species.  As this is the first report of butterfly diversity from this region, the present study may help in planning conservation strategies and generate awareness among the local people and government authorities to save wildlife and their habitats.

scholarly journals BUTTERFLIES OF GUNUNG HALIMUN-SALAK NATIONAL PARK, JAVA, INDONESIA, WITH AN OVERVIEW OF THE AREA IMPORTANCE

TREUBIA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djunijanti Peggie ◽  
Harmonis Harmonis
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
Number Of Species

Data on the occurrence of butterfly species at Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park is presented based on collections and observations obtained in 2004, 2007, 2009 and 2010. In total, 161 butterfly species (10 Hesperiidae, 23 Lycaenidae, 86 Nymphalidae, 17 Papilionidae, 21 Pieridae, and 4 Riodinidae) were recorded. Of the total number of species, 133 were recorded from Gunung Halimun and 82 were recorded from Gunung Salak. The occurrence of butterflies at this national park was compared with data known from other localities in Java. The significance of Gunung Halimun-Salak NP in terms of the butterfly diversity is discussed.

Butterflies (Lepidoptera - Rhopalocera) of coastal areas of Southern West Bengal, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-290
Author(s):  
Arajush Payra
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Wildlife Protection ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
First Time

The present study was carried out to prepare a checklist of butterflies in the Coastal areas of Purba Medinipur District of southern West Bengal between January 2014 and February 2016. A total of 112 butterfly species belonging to 74 genera under 14 subfamilies and five families were recorded during the study period. Nymphalidae and Lycaenidae were the most dominant family, whereas Papilionidae was the least dominant family. Among 112 butterfly species recorded, 9 species were legally protected under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. A total of 59 species were newly recorded in the study area. Suastus minuta Moore, 1877 was recorded for the first time in West Bengal. The present results also provide a detailed comparison of butterfly diversity among different studies conducted in southern West Bengal.   Citation: Payra A., Mishra R. K., Mondal K., 2017. Butterflies (Lepidoptera - Rhopalocera) of coastal areas of Southern West Bengal, India. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 39(3): 276-390. DOI: 10.15625/0866-7160/v39n3.9243. Received 21 February 2017, accepted 10 March 2017 *Corresponding author: [email protected] 

scholarly journals Butterfly diversity throughout Midnapore urban area in West Bengal, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 14816-14826
Author(s):  
Surjyo Jyoti Biswas ◽  
Debarun Patra ◽  
Soumyajit Roy ◽  
Santosh Kumar Giri ◽  
Suman Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Total Population ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
Butterfly Community ◽  
Butterfly Communities ◽  
High Diversity

Butterflies have always attracted attention due to their unique colourations.  As most butterflies are highly specific in their niche utilisation, abundance of the species in a locality may advocate status of ecosystem functioning and environmental health.  In recent times, different anthropogenic activities and unscientific management of nature have resulted in a decline of butterfly communities at a rapid rate.  The objective of the present study is to study butterfly diversity in and around Midnapore Town, West Bengal, India.  A total of 82 butterfly species belonging to six families were recorded during the two years of the study period.  Of the six families Nymphalidae is the most abundant family comprising 42.54% of the total population followed by Lycaenidae (22.5%), Pieridae (19.03%), Papilionidae (8.58%), Hesperiidae (7.24%), and Riodinidae (0.11%).  Different diversity indices, Lorenz curve, Whittaker plot, and Gini index show high diversity in the butterfly community structure.  As Midnapore Town is the connecting area between the plains of Bengal and Chota Nagpur Plateau, the present study may be the baseline for further ecological, environmental, and conservation studies. 

scholarly journals Butterfly diversity in Gidakom Forest Management Unit, Thimphu, Bhutan

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 15794-15803
Author(s):  
Thal Prasad Koirala ◽  
Bal Krishna Koirala ◽  
Jaganath Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Management Unit ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
Mixed Conifer Forest ◽  
Forest Streams

This study was carried out to establish the diversity and distribution of butterflies in Gidakom Forest Management Unit (GFMU), Thimphu, Bhutan.  A survey was conducted from June 2016 to July 2017 in three locations within GFMU: Jamdo, Chimithanka, and Jedekha.  A total of 90 species belonging to 52 genera and five families of butterflies were recorded.  Nymphalidae was dominant with 38 species, followed by Lycaenidae with 19, Pieridae with 15, Papilionidae with 11, and Hesperiidae with seven species.  Diversity of butterfly species was highest in farmland associated with pockets of forest cover in the lower valley, and a decreasing trend was observed towards higher elevations.  The maximum species richness (83 species) was recorded from Chimithanka between 2500m & 2900m, where agriculture is associated with patches of forest, streams, forest edges, and open scrub land.  Butterfly diversity was lowest at Jedekha above 2,900m (37 species), an area dominated by mixed conifer forest with little agriculture. 

scholarly journals Potential for crown diameter as a predictor of canopy cover under National Park conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (s1) ◽  
pp. 305-317
Author(s):  
S.T. Angombe ◽  
R.N. Shikangalah ◽  
E.G. E.G. Kwembeya ◽  
N. Kanime
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Relative Population ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Colophospermum Mopane ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Relationship

The global loss of biodiversity has led to relentless calls from conservationists to protect the environment and natural habitats. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of crown diameter for prediction of canopy cover under national park conditions. The study was conducted in Etosha National Park, Namibia in 2015. Three tree species, namely Combretum imberbe, Colophospermum mopane and Terminalia prunioides were considered as representative members of the park species based on their relative population density. The study employed regression analysis to examine the nature of relationships between tree crown diameter (the dependent variable) and tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and distance from watering holes as independent variables. The regression coefficients for Combretum imberbe were not significant (P = 0.116; P = 0.431; P = 0.884, respectively), suggesting that crown diameter was not well estimated by these explanatory variables. On the other hand, there were significant relationships between DBH and crown diameter, as well as between crown diameter and tree height. Tree height emerged as the stronger predictor of crown diameter for both Terminalia prunioides and Colophospermum mopane. Therefore, the relationship between tree height and crown diameter as explained by cubic function can further be used to evaluate and estimate canopy cover under national park conditions.

Distribution and habitat preference of protected reindeer lichen species (Cladonia arbuscula, C. mitis and C. rangiferina) in the Balaton Uplands (Hungary)

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
Mónika Sinigla ◽  
Erzsébet Szurdoki ◽  
László Lőkös ◽  
Dénes Bartha ◽  
István Galambos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Cladonia Rangiferina

AbstractThe maintenance of protected lichen species and their biodiversity in general depends on good management practices based on their distribution and habitat preferences. To date, 10 of the 17 protected lichen species of Hungary have been recorded in the Bakony Mts including the Balaton Uplands region. Habitat preferences of three protected Cladonia species (C. arbuscula, C. mitis and C. rangiferina) growing on underlying rocks of red sandstone, basalt, Pannonian sandstone and gravel were investigated by detailed sampling. We recorded aspect, underlying rock type, soil depth, pH and CaCO3 content, habitat type (as defined by the General National Habitat Classification System Á-NÉR), all species of lichen, bryophyte and vascular plants as well as percentage cover of exposed rock, total bryophytes, lichens, vascular plants and canopy, degree of disturbance and animal impacts. Sporadic populations of these species mostly exist at the top of hills and mountains in open acidofrequent oak forests, but they may occur in other habitats, such as closed acidofrequent oak forests, slope steppes on stony soils, siliceous open rocky grasslands, open sand steppes, wet and mesic pioneer scrub and dry Calluna heaths. Cladonia rangiferina was found to grow beneath higher canopy cover than either C. arbuscula or C. mitis in the Balaton Uplands. Furthermore, there were significant differences in canopy cover between occupied and unoccupied quadrats in the case of all three species. Cladonia rangiferina is a good indicator species of natural habitats in Hungary due to its restricted distribution and low ecological tolerance. These results may lead to the adoption of effective conservation methods (e.g. game exclusion, artificial dispersal) in the future.

scholarly journals Diversity of Medicinal Plants among Different Tree Canopies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2640
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zubair ◽  
Akash Jamil ◽  
Syed Bilal Hussain ◽  
Ahsan Ul Haq ◽  
Ahmad Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
Tree Canopy Cover ◽  
Closed Canopy

The moist temperate forests in Northern Pakistan are home to a variety of flora and fauna that are pivotal in sustaining the livelihoods of the local communities. In these forests, distribution and richness of vegetation, especially that of medicinal plants, is rarely reported. In this study, we carried out a vegetation survey in District Balakot, located in Northeastern Pakistan, to characterize the diversity of medicinal plants under different canopies of coniferous forest. The experimental site was divided into three major categories (viz., closed canopy, open spaces, and partial tree cover). A sampling plot of 100 m2 was established on each site to measure species diversity, dominance, and evenness. To observe richness and abundance, the rarefaction and rank abundance curves were plotted. Results revealed that a total of 45 species representing 34 families were available in the study site. Medicinal plants were the most abundant (45%) followed by edible plants (26%). Tree canopy cover affected the overall growth of medicinal plants on the basis of abundance and richness. The site with partial canopy exhibited the highest diversity, dominance, and abundance compared to open spaces and closed canopy. These findings are instrumental in identifying the wealth of the medicinal floral diversity in the northeastern temperate forest of Balakot and the opportunity to sustain the livelihoods of local communities with the help of public/private partnership.

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