Evaluation of fish diversity and abundance in the Kabul River with comparisons between reaches above and below Kabul City, Afghanistan

The fish fauna of the Kabul River downstream of the City of Kabul face threats from increasing human population such as pollution, overfishing, and increased development. Despite the rapid increase of these activities leading to threats to fishes in the Kabul River, no studies have examined the changes in diversity, distribution, and abundance of fish fauna in the Kabul River surrounding of Kabul City. In this study, the Kabul River was divided into two zones (upstream and downstream) consisting of six sampling sites (3 sites per zone). Of the total of 1,190 fishes collected, Cypriniformes was the dominant order with one family, six genera, and eight species. Cyprinidae was the dominant family of that order with 81.4% (n= 969) of total individuals. Species abundance was higher in the upstream reaches in almost all analyses. Upstream sites recorded 11 species, while seven species were recorded from downstream sites. Fish species richness was significantly higher upstream versus downstream reaches (9.67 ± 1.53 vs. 6.33 ± .58; U= .00, z= -1.99, p= .04, r= .81). Species diversity upstream was significantly higher than downstream (H’= 1.90 ± 0.15, D1= 0.81 ± 0.02). Similarly, species evenness was also higher upstream than downstream (J’= 0.84 ± 0.01). Low diversity, abundance, and evenness in downstream reaches are likely due to anthropogenic activities affecting the river in and around Kabul City.

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Dams and the fish fauna of the Neotropical region: impacts and management related to diversity and fisheries

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842008000500019 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 68 (4 suppl) ◽

pp. 1119-1132 ◽

Cited By ~ 372

Author(s):

AA. Agostinho ◽

FM. Pelicice ◽

LC. Gomes

Keyword(s):

Fish Assemblages ◽

Fish Fauna ◽

Neotropical Region ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Fish Diversity ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Long Distance ◽

Management Actions ◽

Composition And Structure ◽

Almost All

Reservoirs have been built in almost all of the hydrographic basins of Brazil. Their purposes include water supply for cities, irrigation and mainly, generation of electricity. There are more than 700 large dams and associated reservoirs in the large rivers of the country. These reservoirs favor local and regional economic development, but they also bring serious and irreversible alterations in the natural hydrologic regime of rivers, affecting habitat quality and the dynamics of the biota. In the impounded area, the main impact is the change from lotic to lentic water, which influences aquatic fauna, including fishes. Impacts of reservoirs present relevant spatiotemporal variations. Immediately after reservoir formation, fish species richness usually increases due to incorporation of surrounding habitats, but richness decreases as reservoirs age. However, impacts downstream of dams appear to be similar or stronger than those that occur within the reservoir. Dams promote discharge control, altering the seasonal cycles of floods. These effects are augmented when dams are constructed in cascades. Therefore, dams profoundly influence composition and structure of fish assemblages. Most affected species are the rheophilics and long distance migratory that require distinct habitats to fulfill their life cycles. Populations of migratory species may collapse or even disappear in intensely regulated stretches. Management actions taken to minimize impacts of dams in Brazil historically considered construction of fish passages, fishery control and stocking. The results of these actions are questionable and/or with clear failures. In this paper, we give emphasis to the Paraná River basin, the most affected by dams in Brazil. We describe some patterns in the alteration and decline in fish diversity in areas influenced by dams. We also discuss negative consequences in the fishery and ecosystems functioning. Finally, we argue the relevance and the success of the management actions taken and present some suggestions to improve conservation of the ichthyofauna in South American basins influenced by dams.

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Knowing biodiversity: Fishes from the Guareí River basin, a tributary of the Jurumirim reservoir, Paranapanema River, Brazil

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2020-1031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Valter M. Azevedo-Santos ◽

Fernando M. Pelicice ◽

Raoul Henry

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Native Species ◽

Poecilia Reticulata ◽

Fish Fauna ◽

Fish Diversity ◽

Conservation Actions ◽

Almost All ◽

Adequate Management ◽

Management And Conservation ◽

Pimelodus Maculatus

Abstract: The Guareí River is a tributary of the Paranapanema River (Brazil), located in the upper portion of the Jurumirim Reservoir. Fish fauna studies in this watershed began in the 2000s, but they were restricted to a few waterbodies. This work conducted a broad survey of the fish fauna in tributary streams and the main channel of the Guareí River. Sampling occurred between February 2017 and November 2018 at 36 sites and using different collection methods. We captured 2,169 specimens belonging to 50 species, 16 families and 6 orders. The species accumulation curve tended to stabilize but indicated that species richness is underestimated. Almost all species are native (46); only three were non-native (Hyphessobrycon eques, Oreochromis niloticus and Poecilia reticulata) and one was undefined (Gymnotus pantanal). Among the native species, two are unknown to science (Bryconamericus aff. iheringii and Hypostomus sp. n.) and three are migratory (Leporinus friderici, Megaleporinus obtusidens and Pimelodus maculatus). In this paper, we provide images of species collected. Results indicate that the Guareí River basin is a hotspot of fish diversity in the Upper Paranapanema River, stressing the need for adequate management and conservation actions.

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Diversity, potentiality, and conservation status of fish fauna in the upper Mahakam’s tributaries, East Kalimantan

Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia ◽

10.32491/jii.v19i3.471 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 391

Author(s):

Jusmaldi Jusmaldi ◽

Nova Hariani ◽

Norbeta Doq

Keyword(s):

Fish Species ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Fish Fauna ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Fish Diversity ◽

East Kalimantan ◽

Wiener Diversity Index ◽

Data Deficient ◽

Almost All

Diversity, potentiality and conservation status of fish fauna in upper Mahakam’s tributaries of east Kalimantan is unknown. The purposes of this study were to analysis species diversity, determine potentiality and conservation status of fish fauna in upper Mahakam’s tributaries, east Kalimantan. Fish sampling with purposive method was conducted in four tributaries, i.e Tepai River, Pahangai River, Danum Parai River, and Meraseh River for one month. Fishes were collected by several gears type. The results of this research showed that the total number of fish caught was 820 individuals; consist of 26 species, 7 families, and 4 orders. The Cyprinidae was the most dominant family found in all tributaries. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index in four tributaries were varied and ranging from 1.749-2.087. The highest fish diversity was recorded at Maraseh River followed by Pahangai River, Danum Parai River, and Tepai River. The low fish diversity was discovered at Tepai River may be due to differences in substrate type, water velocity, and water depth as compared to the Maraseh River, Pahangai River, Danum Parai River. The fish species similarity coefficient between four tributaries ranged from 0.606-0.842 and the highest dissimilarity was found between Tepai River and Danum Parai River. Almost all fishes categorized as edible fish for local consumption. Syncrossus hymenophysa and Gastromyzon lepidogaster have potential as ornamental fish. Regarding IUCN red list status, six fish species were grouped into least concern status, two species as data deficient, one species as near threatened, one species as endangered species and 16 other species were not on the list.

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Past, Current and Future of Fish Diversity in the Alakol Lakes (Central Asia: Kazakhstan)

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d14010011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Nadir Mamilov ◽

Sayat Sharakhmetov ◽

Fariza Amirbekova ◽

Dinara Bekkozhayeva ◽

Nazym Sapargaliyeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Species ◽

Aquatic Ecosystems ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Fish Fauna ◽

Fish Distribution ◽

Habitat Characteristics ◽

Fish Diversity ◽

Modern Distribution ◽

Lake Balkhash ◽

Indigenous Fishes

The aboriginal ichthyofauna of the Balkhash basin consists mainly of endemic fish species. By the end of the last century, indigenous fish species were driven out of Lake Balkhash and the Alakol Lakes remain the largest refuges of aboriginal fish fauna. Knowledge of regularities of the modern distribution of the indigenous fishes is crucial for biodiversity conservation as well as restoring aquatic ecosystems. The modern diversity of fish species was investigated there in this study. Significant changes for the indigenous and some alien fish distributions were revealed in contrast with earlier known data. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to study the relationships between habitat characteristics and species abundance. Water mineralization and maximal observed water temperatures were estimated as the main environmental variables in fish distribution at the local scale. Habitat change leads to fish fauna homogenization as a result of rare species extinction and alien penetration. Growing human population and poor water management make the future of the indigenous fishes unpredictable.

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Evaluation of microbial quality of the surface water of Hatirjheel in Dhaka City

Stamford Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/sjm.v6i1.33516 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 30-33

Author(s):

Md Badsha Miah ◽

Ahmad Kamruzzaman Majumder ◽

Gulshan Ara Latifa

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Dhaka City ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Parasitic Worm ◽

Viable Bacteria ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Almost All ◽

The City

Microbiological health risks due to environmental pollution are major concerning issue in all over the world. In Bangladesh, almost all the major water bodies (lake/khal) particularly in the urban or semi-urban area have been suffering severely pollutions. Therefore if we manage to safe our surface water in and around the city, we can reduce the demand of ground water for the city dwellers by the proper use of these lakes and ponds. This study was conducted to evaluate the microbial condition of Hatirjheel water located in Dhaka City. The microbial analysis was performed to trace the presence of bacterial and other pathogens. In 5 samples, total viable bacteria and fungi were found up to 2.0×106 cfu/ml and 3.4×102 cfu/ml, respectively. Specific pathogens such as Klebsiella spp. (3.0×102 cfu/ml), Salmonella spp. (2.0×102 cfu/ml), Pseudomonas spp. (8.3×102 cfu/ml) and Vibrio spp. (6.0×102 cfu/ml.) were also isolated. The findings of the study revealed that the water of Hatirjheel might not safe for human health and also indicated that this water may vulnerable for diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid fever, shigellosis, salmonellosis, parasitic worm infection, hemolytic uremina syndrome etc. water-borne diseases. The poor water quality suggesting contamination of the lake water by domestic and industrial wastes and other anthropogenic activities. So it is important to control the pollution for proper use of this water in various household purposes.Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.6(1) 2016: 30-33

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Freshwater fish fauna of rivers in the southern Western Ghats, India

10.5194/essd-2017-118 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Anbu Aravazhi Arunkumar ◽

Arunachalam Manimekalan

Keyword(s):

Freshwater Fish ◽

Western Ghats ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Fish Fauna ◽

Present Survey ◽

Aquatic Life ◽

Freshwater Fish Fauna ◽

Southern Western Ghats ◽

The Western Ghats

Abstract. We studied the freshwater fish fauna of Rivers of Southern Western Ghats for a period of three years from 2010 to 2013. We recorded 64 species belonging to 6 orders, 14 families and 31 genera. Alteration in the micro and macro habitats in the system severely affects the aquatic life especially fishes and also complicates the fish taxonomy. In the present study a total of 31 sites of six river systems of Southern Western Ghats were studied in which a total of 64 species belonging to 6 orders, 14 families and 31 genera were recorded. Among the 64 species Cyprinidae was the dominant family with 3 family 18 genus and 49 species (76.6 %) compared to other order and families, further the data analyses suggested that species belonging to the order Cypriniformes were found to be the dominant species in the locations considered in the present survey. Interestingly, among the 31 sites Thunakadavu stream, Gulithuraipatti, Athirappalli, Naduthotam, Nadathittu, Mullaithodu, Thonanthikla, Noolpuzha and Sinnaru exhibited high variations in species abundance and as well species richness. Fifteen out of the 64 fish species endangered to the Western Ghats. Garra periyarensis and Cirrhinus cirrhosus are known to be vulnerable and Hemibagrus punctatus is Critically Endangered because of various anthropogenic activities. The significances of the study and timely measures needed to protect the species have also been concisely discussed. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.882214

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PENGARUH MOTIVASI, KREATIFITAS, DAN MENTALITAS TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN AKUNTANSI PADA PERGURUAN TINGGI SWASTA DI KOTA PADANG

Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi dan Auditing ◽

10.37301/jkaa.v0i0.5377 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Fitriani Rahman

Keyword(s):

Hypothesis Testing ◽

Private Universities ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Accounting Education ◽

Accounting Students ◽

Primary Data ◽

Accounting Curriculum ◽

Accounting Courses ◽

Almost All ◽

The City

Accounting education is taught in some private universities has impressed as stagnant knowledge, mechanical, and oriented material that causes a lot of students in general become saturated in the learning process. In Indonesia at several universities, almost all accounting courses little or no charge to enter the motivation, creativity, and mentality in the accounting curriculum-based motivation, creativity, and mentality can only he done well when formulated in a more complete firm of the curriculum. Therefore, this study examines the effect of motivation, creativity and mentality in accounting education to obtain empirical evidence. In this study using primary data obtained through questionnaires from a list of questions posed to accounting students in private universities in the city of Padang. The sample in this study was conducted with a purposive sampling technique where the sampling method was based on certain criteria, namely : involving student participants who majored in accounting class of 2010, 2011, and 2012 who had studied the sciences and overall accounting associated with accounting. Testing the hypothesis of this research is conducted with multiple regression analysis. The first hypothesis testing results found that motivation does not significantly influence accounting education in private universities Padang. The second hypothesis testing results found that creativity significantly influence accounting education in private universities Padang. The third hypothesis testing results found that significantly influence the mentality of accounting education in private universities Padang.

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Assessment of Groundwater Geochemistry of Vel River basin, Western Maharashtra, India

Hydrospatial Analysis ◽

10.21523/gcj3.2020040102 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 14-28

Author(s):

S. K. Gaikwad ◽

N. D. Pathan ◽

N. S. Bansode ◽

S. P. Gaikwad ◽

Y. P. Badhe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Geochemical Data ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Groundwater Geochemistry ◽

Average Value ◽

Rock Water Interaction ◽

Good For ◽

Almost All ◽

Geological Control

To study the chemistry of major ion in groundwater from Vel (Velu) River basin, sixty (60) samples of dug wells and bore wells were collected and analyzed using standard techniques given by APHA. It shows order of dominance for cations, Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ and in anionic concentration as HCO3- > Cl- > SO42- in groundwater. The pH of groundwater is slightly alkaline (range: pH 7.0 - 8.1), while average values of Electrical Conductivity (EC) is about 2641 µS/cm indicating high mineralization of groundwater. In general, the cationic concentration (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) of the groundwater increase in the downstream side (from Northwest to South east), suggesting geological control on the composition of groundwater while highest concentration is in lower part of the basin are generally associated with the high salinity. In the major anions, bicarbonate (HCO3-) is higher due to rock-water interaction. Average value of chloride is about of 235 mg/L due to discharge zones along with anthropogenic activities. The geochemical data plotted on Piper Trilinear Diagram is showing dominant hydro-chemical facies: Ca2++Mg2+, Na++ K+, Cl-+ SO42- -HCO3- found in 83.3 % samples indicating the alkaline earth exceeding the alkalis and the strong acids exceeds the weak acids. The pH, Total Hardness (TH) and Magnesium (Mg2+) of the samples show more proportion of samples falling above desirable limit. Otherwise the quality of groundwater is good for drinking. The irrigation indices like SAR, KR and SSP were considered to evaluate groundwater suitability for irrigation. Comparing with SAR parameter all samples are excellent to good for irrigation. In SSP, 33.3 % samples are within permissible, while 66.6% samples are doubtful for irrigation purpose. In KR almost all samples (excluding 04 samples in lower side of basin) are suitable for irrigation. So, variations in climate, geology with anthropogenic activities are modifying the groundwater geochemistry of Vel River Basin.

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Sicily

The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190499341.013.35 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 536-552

Author(s):

Salvatore de Vincenzo

Keyword(s):

Fourth Century ◽

Eighth Century ◽

Advanced Degree ◽

Characteristic Type ◽

Almost All ◽

The City

Thucydides reports that the Phoenicians were present throughout Sicily and traded with the Sicels. A tangible Phoenician presence in Sicily, as expressed by pottery, is attested only at the end of the eighth century bce. The earliest hypothetical Phoenician settlements of Solunt and Panormus are still almost unknown. This earliest phase is associated in particular with the city of Motya, where pottery and a few other finds testify to it. The Punic phase of the island is much clearer, with almost all indications coming from Motya and Selinus, which were not built over in Roman times. The Pfeilertempel, as emerged from Motya, could be regarded as the prototype for the Phoenician temple in Sicily. In turn, it is possible to recognize a characteristic type of temple of Punic Sicily, as particularly shown at Selinus, These shrines, as well as other elements of the Punic settlements like the houses, the fortifications, or the necropoleis, in particular from the fourth century bce onwards, are evidence of an advanced degree of Hellenization, framed within a Mediterranean koine.

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Geochemical Mapping, Risk Assessment, and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Road Dust Using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF)

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12050614 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 614

Author(s):

Muhammad Faisal ◽

Zening Wu ◽

Huiliang Wang ◽

Zafar Hussain ◽

Chenyang Shen

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Matrix Factorization ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Contamination Factor ◽

Road Dust ◽

Positive Matrix Factorization ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Positive Matrix ◽

The City

Heavy metals in road dust pose a significant threat to human health. This study investigated the concentrations, patterns, and sources of eight hazardous heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Hg) in the street dust of Zhengzhou city of PR China. Fifty-eight samples of road dust were analyzed based on three methods of risk assessment, i.e., Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo), Potential Ecological Risk Assessment (RI), and Nemerow Synthetic Pollution Index (PIN). The results exhibited higher concentrations of Hg and Cd 14 and 7 times higher than their background values, respectively. Igeo showed the risks of contamination in a range of unpolluted (Cr, Ni) to strongly polluted (Hg and Cd) categories. RI came up with the contamination ranges from low (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb) to extreme (Cd and Hg) risk of contamination. The risk of contamination based on PIN was from safe (Cu, As, and Pb) to seriously high (Cd and Hg). The results yielded by PIN indicated the extreme risk of Cd and Hg in the city. Positive Matrix Factorization was used to identify the sources of contamination. Factor 1 (vehicular exhaust), Factor 2 (coal combustion), Factor 3 (metal industry), and Factor 4 (anthropogenic activities), respectively, contributed 14.63%, 35.34%, 36.14%, and 13.87% of total heavy metal pollution. Metal’s presence in the dust is a direct health risk for humans and warrants immediate and effective pollution control and prevention measures in the city.

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