Study on causes of mortality in Lion-tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus) at Arignar Anna Zoological Park, Vandalur

Introduction: The low peripheral absolute lymphocyte and high monocyte count have been reported to correlate with poor clinical outcome in various lymphomas and other cancers. However, a few data known about the prognostic value of absolute monocyte count in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Aim: The aim of the authors was to investigate the impact of absolute monocyte count measured at the time of diagnosis in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia on the time to treatment and overal survival. Method: Between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2012, 223 patients with newly-diagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were included. The rate of patients needing treatment, time to treatment, overal survival and causes of mortality based on Rai stages, CD38, ZAP-70 positivity and absolute monocyte count were analyzed. Results: Therapy was necessary in 21.1%, 57.4%, 88.9%, 88.9% and 100% of patients in Rai stage 0, I, II, III an IV, respectively; in 61.9% and 60.8% of patients exhibiting CD38 and ZAP-70 positivity, respectively; and in 76.9%, 21.2% and 66.2% of patients if the absolute monocyte count was <0.25 G/l, between 0.25–0.75 G/l and >0.75 G/l, respectively. The median time to treatment and the median overal survival were 19.5, 65, and 35.5 months; and 41.5, 65, and 49.5 months according to the three groups of monocyte counts. The relative risk of beginning the therapy was 1.62 (p<0.01) in patients with absolute monocyte count <0.25 G/l or >0.75 G/l, as compared to those with 0.25–0.75 G/l, and the risk of overal survival was 2.41 (p<0.01) in patients with absolute monocyte count lower than 0.25 G/l as compared to those with higher than 0.25 G/l. The relative risks remained significant in Rai 0 patients, too. The leading causes of mortality were infections (41.7%) and the chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (58.3%) in patients with low monocyte count, while tumours (25.9–35.3%) and other events (48.1 and11.8%) occurred in patients with medium or high monocyte counts. Conclusions: Patients with low and high monocyte counts had a shorter time to treatment compared to patients who belonged to the intermediate monocyte count group. The low absolute monocyte count was associated with increased mortality caused by infectious complications and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The absolute monocyte count may give additional prognostic information in Rai stage 0, too. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(15), 592–597.

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Chitosan-Based Hydrogel Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.v7i04.10650 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (04) ◽

Author(s):

Azadi A. ◽

Khazaei M. ◽

Ashrafi H.

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Cancer Therapy ◽

Recent Decade ◽

Reticuloendothelial System ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Hydrogel Nanoparticles ◽

Tissue Invasion ◽

Causes Of Mortality ◽

Nanoparticulate Systems

Cancer, an uncontrollable growth of cells, is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Malignant neoplasms are difficult to treat diseases because of their single in kind characteristics such as tissue invasion, metastasis, evading reticuloendothelial system (RES) and so forth. In recent decade polymeric nanoparticulate systems has gained special attention in drug delivery and targeting among all biocompatible nanoforms. Among these systems, chitosan-based hydrogel nanoparticles have been wildly utilized for drug delivery purposes. The usage of chitosan nanogels in cancer therapy significantly improved in recent years. The various cancers were the target of chitosan nanogels. Also, modification of other delivery systems with chitosan were much reported. The aim of this study is the review and update of the recent studies on chitosan nanogels applications in cancer therapy by focus on cancer based classification.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma and causes of mortality after radiofrequency ablation of barrett's esophagus.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725764959.793509543 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Prasad Iyer

Keyword(s):

Radiofrequency Ablation ◽

Barrett’S Esophagus ◽

Esophageal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Barrett's Esophagus ◽

Causes Of Mortality

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The Role of the Endothelium in Premature Atherosclerosis: Molecular Mechanisms

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867326666190911141951 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (7) ◽

pp. 1041-1051 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael Spartalis ◽

Eleftherios Spartalis ◽

Antonios Athanasiou ◽

Stavroula A. Paschou ◽

Christos Kontogiannis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Critical Role ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Number Of Genes ◽

Causes Of Mortality ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Made In

Atherosclerotic disease is still one of the leading causes of mortality. Atherosclerosis is a complex progressive and systematic artery disease that involves the intima of the large and middle artery vessels. The inflammation has a key role in the pathophysiological process of the disease and the infiltration of the intima from monocytes, macrophages and T-lymphocytes combined with endothelial dysfunction and accumulated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are the main findings of atherogenesis. The development of atherosclerosis involves multiple genetic and environmental factors. Although a large number of genes, genetic polymorphisms, and susceptible loci have been identified in chromosomal regions associated with atherosclerosis, it is the epigenetic process that regulates the chromosomal organization and genetic expression that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Despite the positive progress made in understanding the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the knowledge about the disease remains scarce.

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Role of Cytochrome P450 in Prostate Cancer and its Therapy

Current Enzyme Inhibition ◽

10.2174/1573408016666200218122044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 63-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rishabh Kaushik ◽

Sheeza Khan ◽

Meesha Sharma ◽

Srinivasan Hemalatha ◽

Zeba Mueed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cytochrome P450 ◽

Drug Discovery ◽

Cholesterol Metabolism ◽

Molecular Targets ◽

Health Concern ◽

Metabolic Functions ◽

Novel Drugs ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Causes Of Mortality

Prostate cancer has become a global health concern as it is one of the leading causes of mortality in males. With the emerging drug resistance to conventional therapies, it is imperative to unravel new molecular targets for disease prevention. Cytochrome P450 (P450s or CYPs) represents a unique class of mixed-function oxidases which catalyses a wide array of biosynthetic and metabolic functions including steroidogenesis and cholesterol metabolism. Several studies have reported the overexpression of the genes encoding CYPs in prostate cancer cells and how they can be used as molecular targets for drug discovery. But due to functional redundancy and overlapping expression of CYPs in several other metabolic pathways there are several impediments in the clinical efficacy of the novel drugs reported till now. Here we review the most crucial P450 enzymes which are involved in prostate cancer and how they can be used as molecular targets for drug discovery along with the clinical limitations of the currently existing CYP inhibitors.

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Macaca silenus: Kumar, A., Singh, M. & Molur, S.

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species ◽

10.2305/iucn.uk.2008.rlts.t12559a3358033.en ◽

2008 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Macaca Silenus

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Automated Assessment of Thoracic-Abdominal Asynchrony in Patients with Morquio Syndrome

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11050880 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 880

Author(s):

Madhavi V. Ratnagiri ◽

Yan Zhu ◽

Tariq Rahman ◽

Mary Theroux ◽

Shunji Tomatsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Learning Algorithm ◽

Assessment Methodology ◽

Emergency Rooms ◽

Multiple Organs ◽

Difficulty Breathing ◽

Causes Of Mortality ◽

Morquio Syndrome ◽

Automated Technique ◽

Thoracic And Abdominal ◽

Function Testing

Morquio syndrome is a rare disease caused by a disorder in the storage of mucopolysaccharides that affects multiple organs, including musculoskeletal, respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive systems. Respiratory failure is one of the leading causes of mortality in Morquio patients; thus, respiratory function testing is vital to the management of the disease. An automated respiratory assessment methodology using the pneuRIP device and a machine-learning algorithm was developed. pneuRIP is a noninvasive approach that uses differences between thoracic and abdominal movements (thoracic-abdominal asynchrony) during respiration to assess respiratory status. The technique was evaluated on 17 patients with Morquio (9 females and 8 males) between the ages of 2 and 57 years. The results of the automated technique agreed with the clinical assessment in 16 out of the 17 patients. It was found that the inverse cumulative percentage representation of the time delay between the thorax and abdomen was the most critical variable for accurate evaluation. It was demonstrated that the technique could be successfully used on patients with Morquio who have difficulty breathing with 100% compliance. This technique is highly accurate, portable, noninvasive, and easy to administer, making it suitable for a variety of settings, such as outpatient clinics, at home, and emergency rooms.

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