Resurrection of Uric Acid as a Causal Risk Factor in Essential Hypertension

Background: The association of raised serum uric acid levels with various cardiovascular risk factors has often led to the debate of whether raised serum uric acid levels could be an independent risk factor in essential hypertension. Hence we carried out a study to examine the possibility of hyperuricemia causing hypertension, to see if there is a relationship between the serum uric acid levels and severity and duration of hypertension.Methods: The study was carried out in Smt. SCL Hospital, Saraspur, Ahmedabad, India, the study period from September 2012 to June 2014, a total of 100 patients were studied. The patients were included if they satisfied the JNC VII criteria for hypertension. They were excluded if they were having any other condition known to cause raised serum uric acid levels and secondary hypertension.Results: With the result based on the study carried out we concluded that there can be a direct relation between hyperuricemia and hypertension. Also the study showed that the SUA levels were significantly increased in patient with stage 2 hypertension in comparasion with those with stage 1 hypertension, showing that the severity of hypertension also related to the SUA levels.Conclusions: Based on the study carried out we concluded that SUA can be used as an early biochemical marker to determine the severity and duration of hypertension.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Uric acid as a risk factor for progression of non-diabetic chronic kidney disease? The Mild to Moderate Kidney Disease (MMKD) Study.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1103164.559158 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

David Goldsmith

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Kidney Disease

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Urinary saturation: casual or causal risk factor in urolithiasis?

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718141228.793486555 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Christian Bach

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Causal Risk Factor

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Pitfalls in the Evaluation of Uric Acid as a Risk Factor for Vascular Disease~!2009-10-29~!2009-12-23~!2010-04-08~!

The Open Clinical Chemistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874241601003020044 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 44-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Konstantinos Tziomalos ◽

Vasilios G. Athyros ◽

Asterios Karagiannis ◽

Dimitri P. Mikhailidis

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Vascular Disease

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Multi-omics highlights ABO plasma protein as a causal risk factor for COVID-19

Human Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00439-021-02264-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana I. Hernández Cordero ◽

Xuan Li ◽

Stephen Milne ◽

Chen Xi Yang ◽

Yohan Bossé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Plasma Protein ◽

Causal Risk Factor

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Genetic variation in the KCNMA1 potassium channel α subunit as risk factor for severe essential hypertension and myocardial infarction

Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1097/hjh.0b013e32831103d8 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 2147-2153 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Marta Tomás ◽

Esther Vázquez ◽

José M Fernández-Fernández ◽

Isaac Subirana ◽

Cristina Plata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Essential Hypertension ◽

Potassium Channel ◽

Α Subunit

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Nephron Number, Uric Acid, and Renal Microvascular Disease in the Pathogenesis of Essential Hypertension

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/01.hyp.0000223447.53155.d5 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 25-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Daniel I. Feig ◽

Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe ◽

Takahiko Nakagawa ◽

Richard J. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Essential Hypertension ◽

Microvascular Disease ◽

Nephron Number

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Abstract 14920: Uric Acid is Neither the Risk Factor nor Prognostic Factor for 3-year Clinical Events in Vasospastic Angina Patients Regardless of Gender

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.14920 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Sang-Ho Park ◽

Seung Woon Rha ◽

Ung Jun ◽

Byoung Geol Choi ◽

Se Yeon Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Prognostic Factor ◽

Uric Acid Level ◽

Acid Level ◽

Female Gender ◽

Male Gender ◽

Vasospastic Angina ◽

Clinical Events

Background: It has been reported that a major cause of vasospastic angina is endothelial dysfunction of the coronary artery. However, it is controversial whether the uric acid level is associated with vasospastic angina, and can be a prognostic factor for vasospastic angina. Methods: A total 3828 patients (pts) underwent coronary angiography with acetylcholine (Ach) provocation test from Mar 2004 to Sep 2012 were enrolled. The definition of positive coronary artery spasm (CAS) was defined as transient luminal narrowing more than 70%. The uric acid level was categorized into 4 quartile groups; less than 3.8, 3.9~4.7, 4.8~5.7, and more than 5.8 mg/dL. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) defined as the composite of recurrent chest pain, cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and cerebrovascular accident were valuated up to 3 years. Results: The follow-up rate was the 61.1% (2340/3828). There was no difference in uric acid level between negative and positive CAS groups in female gender but in male gender, uric acid level was higher in negative CAS group (Table 1). However, when adjusted by age, the difference was disappeared (OR, 0.965; 95% CI, 0.898-1.037; P-value, 0.335). The incidence of MACE was 11.1% in male gender and 8.6% in female gender. In male gender, the serum uric acid level between the groups with and without MACE was similar but in female gender, the uric acid level was higher in the group with MACE. However, when adjusted by age, uric acid was not associated with MACE (Table 2). Conclusions: In our study, uric acid was neither the risk factor nor prognostic factor for 3-year clinical events in CAS patients regardless of gender.

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Abstract P146: Uric Acid is an Independent Risk Factor for Developing Hypertension From Prehypertension: A 5-year Japanese Cohort Study

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hyp.70.suppl_1.p146 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Masanari Kuwabara ◽

Shigeko Hara ◽

Koichiro Niwa ◽

Minoru Ohno ◽

Ichiro Hisatome

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Drinking Habits

Objectives: Prehypertension frequently progresses to hypertension and is associated with cardiovascular diseases, stroke, excess morbidity and mortality. However, the identical risk factors for developing hypertension from prehypertension are not clarified. This study is conducted to clarify the risks. Methods: We conducted a retrospective 5-year cohort study using the data from 3,584 prehypertensive Japanese adults (52.1±11.0 years, 2,081 men) in 2004 and reevaluated it 5 years later. We calculated the cumulative incidences of hypertension over 5 years, then, we detected the risk factors and calculated odds ratios (ORs) for developing hypertension by crude analysis and after adjustments for age, sex, body mass index, smoking and drinking habits, baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, and serum uric acid. We also evaluated whether serum uric acid (hyperuricemia) provided an independent risk for developing hypertension. Results: The cumulative incidence of hypertension from prehypertension over 5 years was 25.3%, but there were no significant differences between women and men (24.4% vs 26.0%, p=0.28). The cumulative incidence of hypertension in subjects with hyperuricemia (n=726) was significantly higher than those without hyperuricemia (n=2,858) (30.7% vs 24.0%, p<0.001). After multivariable adjustments, the risk factors for developing hypertension from prehypertension were age (OR per 1 year increased: 1.023; 95% CI, 1.015-1.032), women (OR versus men: 1.595; 95% CI, 1.269-2.005), higher body mass index (OR per 1 kg/m 2 increased: 1.051; 95% CI 1.021-1.081), higher baseline systolic blood pressure (OR per 1 mmHg increased: 1.072; 95% CI, 1.055-1.089) and diastolic blood pressure (OR per 1 mmHg increased: 1.085; 95% CI, 1.065-1.106), and higher serum uric acid (OR pre 1 mg/dL increased: 1.149; 95% CI, 1.066-1.238), but not smoking and drinking habits, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and chronic kidney diseases. Conclusions: Increased serum uric acid is an independent risk factor for developing hypertension from prehypertension. Intervention studies are needed to clarify whether the treatments for hyperuricemia in prehypertensive subjects are useful.

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