Neuroexcitatory Amino Acids and Their Relation to Infarct Size and Neurological Deficit in Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1060-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Castillo ◽  
Antoni Dávalos ◽  
Javier Naveiro ◽  
Manuel Noya
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Neurological Deficit

scholarly journals Active Compounds of Rhubarb Root and Rhizome in Animal Model Experiments of Focal Cerebral Ischemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-ju Liu ◽  
Liang Song ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Xiao-guang Zhang ◽  
Zi-xian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Item Checklist ◽  
Included Article

Rhubarb root and rhizome (RRR) has been clinically used for stroke at least 2000 years and is still used in modern times in both China and elsewhere worldwide. The objective of present study was to evaluate the efficacy of active compounds of RRR (ACRRR) for experimental ischemic stroke. Studies of ACRRR in animal models of ischemic stroke were identified from 5 databases until April 2014. Study quality for each included article was evaluated according to the CAMARADES 10-item checklist. Outcome measures were neurological deficit score and infarct size. All the data were analyzed using RevMan 5.1 software. As a result, 20 studies were identified describing procedures involving 577 animals. The quality score of studies ranges from 2 to 6, and the median was 3.4. Six studies showed significant effects of ACRRR for improving infarct size compared with model group (P<0.01). Six studies indicated significant effects of ACRRR for improving the neurological deficit scores according to Zea longa criterion or eight-point criterion (P<0.01). In conclusion, these findings demonstrated a possible efficacy of ACRRR that have potential neuroprotective effect for experimental ischemic stroke. However, these apparently positive findings should be interpreted with caution because of the methodological flaws.

Abstract P781: Ischemic Postconditioning Protects Against Hemorrhagic Transformation Induced by Hyperglycemia in Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hansen Chen ◽  
Michelle Y Cheng ◽  
Tonya Bliss ◽  
Heng Zhao ◽  
Gary Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Hemorrhagic Transformation ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Ischemic Postconditioning ◽  
Brain Infarct ◽  
Acute Hyperglycemia

Background: Hyperglycemia occurs in over 40% of ischemic stroke patients, which induces hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and worsens stroke outcomes. The management of hyperglycemia with insulin did not show favorable outcomes. Thus, strategies for managing hyperglycemia-exacerbated stroke injury are urgently needed. We previously demonstrated that ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) (repeated transient interruption of cerebral blood flow during reperfusion) can reduce brain infarct size and improve neurological outcomes. In this study, we hypothesized that IPostC can reduce HT in ischemic stroke with acute hyperglycemia. Method: Male mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1 hour, followed by reperfusion to mimic ischemic stroke. Glucose was injected before MCAO to induce hyperglycemia. IPostC was initiated upon reperfusion with 3 cycles of 30-second reperfusion followed by 10 seconds of MCA occlusion. Brain infarct was visualized by TTC staining and quantitated using Image J. Hemorrhagic transformation was evaluated by hemorrhagic scores. Result: Acute hyperglycemia significantly increased the brain infarct size (by 25%, p<0.01), brain edema (p<0.001) and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) (average HT scores: 0.75 in MCAO group vs 15.6 in MCAO plus hyperglycemia group, p<0.001), Mice with hyperglycemia also exhibited more severe neurological deficit and higher mortality rate at 24 hours after MCAO. 2) IPostC treatment significantly reduced brain infarct size (p<0.01), brain edema (p<0.05) and attenuated HT (p<0.001). Neurological deficit and mortality rate was reduced with IPostC treatment. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that IPostC can counteract the effects of acute hyperglycemia and reduce brain injury, edema and HT after stroke. Grant/Other Support: NIH Grant R01NS064136C

Enantiomers of 3-pentylbenzo[c]thiophen-1(3H)-one: preparation and evaluation of anti-ischemic stroke activities

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (43) ◽  
pp. 36888-36897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlin Jian ◽  
Jing Ji ◽  
Zhangjian Huang ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Xiao Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Brain Water Content ◽  
Antiplatelet Aggregation ◽  
Preparation And Evaluation ◽  
Brain Water

(R)- and (S)-1 were as potent as racemate 1 in antiplatelet aggregation, antioxidation, reduction of infarct size and brain-water content, as well as neurological deficit.

scholarly journals Neuroprotection by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Rodent Models of Focal Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiapeng Huang ◽  
Kehong Zhao ◽  
Ziqi Zhao ◽  
Yun Qu
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Cathodal Tdcs ◽  
Standardized Mean Difference

Infarct size is associated with stroke severity in clinical studies, so reducing it has become an important target and research hotspot in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Some preclinical studies have shown transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) reduced infarct size and improved neurological deficit, but others have not found beneficial effects. Besides, the optimal pattern of tDCS for ischemic stroke remains largely unknown. To shed light on the current circumstance and future research directions, the systematic review evaluated the effect of different tDCS paradigms in reducing infarct size and improving neurological deficit in rodent models of ischemic stroke and assessed the methodological quality of current literature. We searched the MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus from their inception to August 18, 2021, to identify studies evaluating the effects of tDCS in rodent models of ischemic stroke. Eight studies were included, of which seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed cathodal tDCS, rather than anodal tDCS, reduced infarct size mainly measured by tetrazolium chloride and magnetic resonance imaging (standardized mean difference: −1.13; 95% CI: −1.72, −0.53; p = 0.0002) and improved neurological deficit assessed by a modified neurological severity score (standardized mean difference: −2.10; 95% CI: −3.78, −0.42; p = 0.01) in an early stage of focal ischemic stroke in rodent models. Subgroup analyses showed effects of cathodal tDCS on infarct size were not varied by ischemia duration (ischemia for 1, 1.5, and 2 h or permanent ischemia) and anesthesia (involving isoflurane and ketamine). The overall quality of studies included was low, thus the results must be interpreted cautiously. Published studies suggest that cathodal tDCS may be a promising avenue to explore for augmenting rehabilitation from focal ischemic stroke. Considering the methodological limitations, it is unreliable to blindly extrapolate the animal data to the clinical practice. Future research is needed to investigate the mechanism of tDCS in a randomized and blinded fashion in clinically relevant stroke models, such as elderly animals, female animals, and animals with comorbidities, to find an optimal treatment protocol.

Effect of age on outcome in patients with cerebral stroke

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
G. R. Kuchava ◽  
E. V. Eliseev ◽  
B. V. Silaev ◽  
D. A. Doroshenko ◽  
Yu. N. Fedulaev
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Septic Complications ◽  
Risk Of Death

The aim of the study was to assess the course and outcome of cerebral infarction, depending on the age factor and duration of stay in the neuroblock. Materials and methods: a dynamic observation of 494 patients, men and women, aged 38–84 years with acute ischemic stroke of hemispheric localization, which were divided into the three groups depending on age, was performed. Group 1 – younger than 60 years old, group 2–60–70 years old, group 3 – older than 60 years. All patients underwent standard therapy, according to the recommendations for the treatment of ischemic stroke. The patients underwent comprehensive clinical and instrumental monitoring, which included assessment of somatic and neurological status according to the NIH‑NINDS scales at 1st, 3rd, 10th days and at discharge or death; assessment of the level of social adaptation according to the Bartel scale on 1st, 3rd, 10th days and at discharge, clinical and biochemical blood tests, computed tomography of the brain. Assessment of the quality of therapy was carried out according to specially developed maps using methods of statistical correlation analysis. Results: the most pronounced positive dynamics of neurological status was in the 1st group of patients. The regression of neurological deficit in the 2nd group was worse. The minimal dynamics of neurological deficit was in the 3rd group of patients with cerebral stroke. Most often, the death of patients with cerebral stroke occurred from the development of multiple organ disorders. Conclusions: patients over 70 years of age have the greatest risk of death, due to: a decrease in the reactivity of the body, the presence of initially severe concomitant somatic pathology in patients with admission to hospital; accession of secondary somatic and purulent‑septic complications.

Hypoglycemic Hemiparesis Masquerading As Ischemic Stroke: When Guideline Fails

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-422
Author(s):  
Dhruvkumar M. Patel ◽  
Mukundkumar V. Patel ◽  
Jayanti K. Gurumukhani ◽  
Maitri M. Patel ◽  
Himal J. Mahadevia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Thrombolytic Therapy ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Focal Neurological Deficit ◽  
Random Blood Sugar ◽  
Resident Doctor

Background: Hypoglycemia may rarely present as hemiparesis and sometimes it is difficult to differentiate from ischemic stroke. When random blood sugar (RBS) value is between 50 and 80 mg % in patients presenting with focal neurological deficit, no guideline exists to consider the possibility of hypoglycemia before initiating thrombolytic therapy. Clinical Case: A 58-year-old male, who was a known case of diabetes and hypertension, was brought to the emergency room with acute onset of right hemiparesis and dysarthria of 90 minutes duration. His NIHSS Score was 9, blood pressure was 150/90 mm of Hg and RBS was 79 mg% on admission. His CT scan brain was normal and was considered for thrombolysis. Resident doctor not aware of previous sugar repeated RBS before thrombolysis which was surprisingly 60 mg% 60 minutes after the first RBS. Even though he was a candidate for thrombolysis, intravenous 25 % dextrose was administered considering the possibility of hypoglycemia. He made a complete recovery within 20 minutes and thrombolytic therapy was withheld. : In Diabetic patients with focal neurological deficit and RBS less than 80 mg% on admission, RBS should be rechecked and in appropriate cases should be challenged with IV dextrose considering the possibility of hypoglycemia before commencing thrombolytic therapy.

scholarly journals KADAR FIBRIN MONOMER DAN UKURAN INFARK DI STROK ISKEMIK AKUT

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Ani Kartini ◽  
Mansyur Arif ◽  
Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cerebral Infarct ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fibrin Monomer ◽  
Significant Difference

Coagulation activation and thrombosis frequently exist in ischemic stroke, thrombus formation can be detected early by the presence of fibrin monomer. The purpose of this study was to know the correlation of fibrin monomer level with cerebral infarct size in acute ischemic stroke patients. This was a cross sectional study with a total of 39 samples. The fibrin monomer level was determined by immunoturbidimetry method using STA-Compact and the measurement of the infarct size was done by CT scan of the head using Broderick formula. The results of this study showed that the median level of fibrin monomer in acute ischemic stroke with nonlacunar infarct type and lacunar infarct type were 14.46 μg/mL and 4.29 μg/mL, respectively. Mann-Whitney test showed there was a significant difference of fibrin monomer levels between nonlacunar infarct type and the lacunar type, p=0.000. The cut-off point analysis result of the fibrin monomer level was 5.96 μg/mL with a sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 76.4%, respectively. Spearman correlation test showed that fibrin monomer level was positively correlated with cerebral infarct volume in acute ischemic stroke (r=0.56, p=0.000). Based on this study, it can be concluded that fibrin monomer level can be used as a marker to predict the type of cerebral infarct and volume of acute ischemic stroke as well.

scholarly journals Correlation of serum calcium levels with infarct size and severity of stroke using NIHSS score in patients with acute ischemic stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Prabhakar K. ◽  
Pujitha S. N. ◽  
Phaneesh Bharadwaj B. S.
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Nihss Score

Background: Normal cerebral membrane integration is important to maintain the cellular calcium homeostasis. Recent studies have suggested that elevated serum calcium levels at presentation correlates well with the infarct size and severity of stroke.Methods: A total of 73 patients with acute ischemic stroke satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study from November 1st 2017 to April 30th 2019 at a tertiary care centre in Kolar, Karnataka. Serum calcium (total, ionized and albumin corrected calcium) levels were measured at the time of presentation and compared with the infarct size and severity of stroke using NIHSS score (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale).Results: The levels of total calcium, albumin-corrected calcium, and ionized calcium were 9.13±0.89 mg/dL (range: 8.24-10.02), 9.56±0.82 mg/dL (range: 8.74-10.38), and 4.79±0.47 mg/dL (range: 4.3-5.2), respectively. Mean stroke size as measured on the CT scan was 47.38±17.7 cm (range: 21-88). Analysis revealed significant negative correlation between calcium levels (total, corrected, and ionized) and infarct size and severity of stroke.Conclusions: In this study, it was found that there was a statistically significant negative correlation between total, ionized and corrected calcium with the infarct size in patients with ischemic stroke and also the total calcium at presentation and severity of stroke calculated using NIHSS score.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document