Abstract 693: TLR3 Modulates Inflammation and Lipolysis in Visceral Adipose Tissue in High Fat Diet-fed Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuiqing Liu ◽  
Guohua Lin ◽  
Guoqing Zhang ◽  
Huanhuan Wang ◽  
Hongping Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
M1 Macrophage ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Fat Feeding

Inflammation in insulin sensitive tissues, the visceral adipose tissue (VAT), is a central abnormality in obesity/insulin resistance (IR), with recruitment of innate immune cells such as monocytes into adipose tissue driving the development of glucose and lipoprotein dysregulation. We evaluated the role of Toll like receptor 3 (TLR3) in high fat diet-induced obesity and IR. Wild-type C57BL/6 and TLR3 -/- male mice were fed a high fat diet for 15 weeks. High fat feeding resulted in increased TLR3 expression in VAT. TLR3 deficiency attenuated the high fat diet-increased body weight, fasting blood glucose, whole body IR and impaired glucose tolerance. Morphologically, high fat diet induced adiposity and enlarged adipocyte area in VAT, which were attenuated in TLR3 -/- mice. Functionally, high fat diet induced dysregulation of adipocytokines such as downregulation of adiponectin and resistin, upregulation of leptin in VAT, with the disturbance of adiponectin and leptin was corrected in TLR3-/- mice. In addition, high fat diet inhibited insulin pathway, accompanied with decreased phosphorylation of AMPK and lowered expression of lipolysis-related enzymes such as HSL and ATGL, both at the mRNA levels and protein levels, all of which was corrected by TLR3 deficiency. Finally, TLR3 deletion suppressed the high fat feeding-mediated macrophage polarization, evidenced by increased type M1 macrophage (F4/80+/CD11c+/CD206-) infiltration and upregulation of M1 genes such as IL-6 and TNFα. TLR3 modulates high fat diet-induced IR and obesity by suppressing M1 macrophage-mediated VAT inflammation, facilitating secretion of adipocyte-derived hormones, thus enhanced AMPK activity and adipose lipolysis. These findings provide new mechanistic links between dietary factors-mediated IR and associated abnormalities in lipid metabolism and adipose inflammation.

scholarly journals Smallanthus sonchifolius (Yacon) Flour Improves Visceral Adiposity and Metabolic Parameters in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Maris Honoré ◽  
Maria Virginia Grande ◽  
Jorge Gomez Rojas ◽  
Sara Serafina Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacon), a native plant of South America, was observed to improve lipid profile in rodents and humans. This study aimed to investigate the antiobesity properties of yacon roots in a high-fat-diet (HFD) model and the underlying mechanisms. A total of 30 Wistar male rats were divided into five groups (n=6): the standard chow diet (SD) group was fed a SD; the HFD group was fed a HFD; and the HFD Y340 and HFD Y680 groups were fed a HFD plus yacon flour (340 and 680 mg FOS/kg b. w./day, respectively). HFD Y340 and HFD Y680 rats exhibited marked attenuation of weight gain, a decrease in visceral fat pad weight, a restoration of the serum lipid profile and atherogenic index in a dose-dependent manner, being the higher dose more effective (p<0.05). In addition, we found that HFD Y680 rats showed lower glucose and insulin levels, improved glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity (p<0.5). A downregulation of several adipocyte specific-transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPAR-γ2), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein a (C/EBP-a) and activating protein (aP2) mRNA levels, was determined in the visceral adipose tissue of HFD Y680 rats (p<0.05). An improvement of adipokine profile in HFD Y680 rats and decreased serum proinflammatory cytokine levels (p<0.05) were determined by ELISA. Decreased macrophage infiltration and F4/80 and MCP-1 expression in the visceral adipose tissue of HFD Y680 rats (p<0.5), together with a higher pAkt/Akt expression (p<0.05) were also observed by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. A significant increase in glucagon (Gcg) and PYY mRNA levels in distal ileum of HFD Y680 rats (p<0.05) were also detected. In the second approach, we determined that yacon supplementation potentiates the effects of the HFD reversion to a standard diet. In conclusion, yacon showed antiobesity properties by inhibiting adipogenesis and improving the visceral adipose tissue function.

Trans-palmitoleic Acid Reduces Adiposity via Increased Lipolysis in a Rodent Model of Diet-Induced Obesity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
L. Irasema Chávaro-Ortiz ◽  
Brenda D. Tapia-Vargas ◽  
Mariel Rico-Hidalgo ◽  
Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar ◽  
María E. Frigolet
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Rodent Model ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Obesity is defined as increased adiposity, which leads to metabolic disease. The growth of adipose tissue depends on its capacity to expand, through hyperplasia or hypertrophy, in order to buffer energy surplus. Also, during the establishment of obesity, adipose tissue expansion reflects adipose lipid metabolism (lipogenesis and/or lipolysis). It is well known that dietary factors can modify lipid metabolism promoting or preventing the development of metabolic abnormalities that concur with obesity. Trans-palmitoleic acid (TP), a biomarker of dairy consumption, has been associated with reduced adiposity in clinical studies. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of TP over adiposity and lipid metabolism-related genes in a rodent model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). To fulfil this aim, we fed C57BL/6 mice with a Control or a High Fat diet, added with or without TP (3g/kg diet), during 11 weeks. Body weight and food intake were monitored, fat pads were weighted, histology of visceral adipose tissue was analysed, and lipid metabolism-related gene expression was explored by qPCR. Results show that TP consumption prevented weight gain induced by high fat diet, reduced visceral adipose tissue weight, and adipocyte size, while increasing the expression of lipolytic molecules. In conclusion, we show for the first time that TP influences adipose tissue metabolism, specifically lipolysis, resulting in decreased adiposity and reduced adipocyte size in a DIO mice model.

Myostatin, activin receptor IIb, and follistatin-like-3 gene expression are altered in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of obese mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (5) ◽  
pp. E918-E927 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Allen ◽  
Allison S. Cleary ◽  
Kristin J. Speaker ◽  
Sarah F. Lindsay ◽  
Jill Uyenishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Reporter Construct ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Activin Receptor Iib

Myostatin (MSTN) is a secreted growth inhibitor expressed in muscle and adipose. We sought to determine whether expression of MSTN, its receptor activin RIIb (ActRIIb), or its binding protein follistatin-like-3 (FSTL3) are altered in subcutaneous or visceral adipose or in skeletal muscle in response to obesity. MSTN and ActRIIb mRNA levels were low in subcutaneous (SQF) and visceral fat (VF) from wild-type mice but were 50- to 100-fold higher in both SQF and VF from ob/ob compared with wild-type mice. FSTL3 mRNA levels were increased in SQF but decreased in VF in ob/ob compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, MSTN mRNA levels were twofold greater in tibialis anterior (TA) from ob/ob mice, whereas ActRIIb and FSTL3 mRNA levels were unchanged. MSTN mRNA levels were also increased in TA and SQF from mice on a high-fat diet. Injection of ob/ob mice with recombinant leptin caused FSTL3 mRNA levels to decrease in both VF and SQF in ob/ob mice; MSTN and ActRIIb mRNA levels tended to decrease only in VF. Finally, MSTN mRNA levels and promoter activity were low in adipogenic 3T3-L1 cells, but an MSTN promoter-reporter construct was activated in 3T3-L1 cells by cotransfection with the adipogenic transcription factors SREBP-1c, C/EBPα, and PPARγ. These results demonstrate that expression of MSTN and its associated binding proteins can be modulated in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle by chronic obesity and suggest that alterations in their expression may contribute to the changes in growth and metabolism of lean and fat tissues occurring during obesity.

Visceral Adipose Tissue Derived Exosomes Exacerbate Colitis Severity via Pro-inflammatory MiRNAs in High Fat Diet Fed Mice

ACS Nano ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 5099-5110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengying Wei ◽  
Xiaotong Gao ◽  
Lijun Liu ◽  
Zhelong Li ◽  
Zhuo Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Visceral Adipose

scholarly journals High-fat Diet Alters PP2A, TC10, and CIP4 Expression in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Rats

Obesity ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1226-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Seung Jun ◽  
Kyujung Hwang ◽  
Yunjung Kim ◽  
Taesun Park
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Visceral Adipose

scholarly journals Endothelin-1 Receptor A Blockade Attenuates Metabolic and Proinflammatory Profile in Mice Fed a High Fat Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A41-A42
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Rivera-Gonzalez ◽  
Erin Taylor ◽  
Joshua S Speed
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Ppar Gamma ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Eta Receptor ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is elevated in patients with obesity; however, its contribution to the pathophysiology related to obesity is not fully understood. Obesity is associated with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, which may in part be mediated by inflammation and alterations to immune cell subsets within the adipose tissue. ET-1 promotes inflammation via the ET-1 type A (ETA) receptor, and blockade of ETA receptors improves dyslipidemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. We hypothesized that ET-1 causes dyslipidemia and inflammation within the adipose tissue of obese mice. To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6J mice were fed either normal diet (NMD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks followed by 2 weeks of treatment with either vehicle or atrasentan (ETA receptor antagonist, 10mg/kg/day). HFD mice had significantly higher fat mass than NMD mice, with no significant effect of treatment with atrasentan. HFD mice had significantly higher circulating non-esterified free fatty acids, an effect that was ameliorated in mice treated with atrasentran (1.03±0.07 vs 0.58±0.02 mEq/L, p&lt;0.05). Atrasentan-treated mice had significantly attenuated increase in liver triglycerides compared to non-treated HFD mice (3.8±0.7 vs 7.5±1.3mg/dL respectively, p&lt;0.05). Mice treated with atrasentan had significantly improved glucose tolerance (10150±1031 vs 6563±975 AUC, p&lt;0.05) and insulin tolerance (-2796±386 vs -9825±319 AUC, p&lt;0.05) compared to non-treated insulin-resistant HFD mice. Plasma adiponectin, an insulin sensitizing adipokine that is inversely associated with adiposity and insulin resistance, was significantly increased in atrasentan-treated mice compared to non-treated HFD (4.8±0.1326 vs 6.5±0.3 µg/ml, p&lt;0.05), with no differences in plasma insulin levels. Gene expression analysis of visceral fat showed improved expression of genes negatively associated with insulin resistance that were downregulated in non-treated HFD mice vs. NMD (IRS-1, PPAR-gamma, GLUT4, and adiponectin). Flow cytometric analyses of visceral adipose tissue indicated that HFD mice had a significantly higher number of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared to NMD mice, which was attenuated by treatment with atrasentan. Further, eosinophils, which are important in maintaining adipose tissue health and reducing inflammation, were significantly decreased in HFD mice compared to NMD. Atrasentan treatment abolished the decrease in eosinophils. Taken together, these data indicate that ETA receptor blockade improves peripheral glucose homeostasis, dyslipidemia, and liver triglyceride levels, and also attenuates the proinflammatory immune profile in visceral adipose tissue. These data suggest a potential use for ETA receptor blockers in the treatment of obesity-associated dyslipidemia and insulin resistance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document