Abstract P260: Low Physical Activity Level, Underweight and Abdominal Obesity among Nigerian Rural Adolescents; Implication for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Program among Rural Adolescents in Nigeria

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nse A Odunaiya ◽  
Quinette A Louw ◽  
Karen Grimmer-sommers
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Rural Adolescents ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global health problem. Studies have shown that the majority of people dying from CVD have one or more major risk factors that are influenced by lifestyle. Major predisposing risk factors include obesity, physical inactivity, abdominal obesity. These risk factors have been seen in adolescents in developed countries. Throughout the world the risks are starting to appear earlier. Adolescence is a critical temporal window for the development of obesity in adult age. Researchers have advocated that children and adolescent populations should be the target for cardiovascular risk factors prevention programs, however, there is paucity of information on these risk factors especially among rural adolescents. It is a general belief in Nigeria that rural dwellers are active, consume natural foods as such CVD and other chronic diseases may not be highly prevalent among rural people However, primordial prevention for cardiovascular is needed even in rural communities since prevention is better than cure. The study aimed to ascertain selected CVD risk factors such as physical activity level, BMI Waist Hip ratio and dietary pattern of adolescents in rural Nigeria The study was a cross sectional survey of 1079 adolescents aged 15-18 years, attending schools at Ibarapa central local government of South West Nigeria. Ethical approval was sought and obtained from Stellenbosch University ethics committee, approval from the local Education authority and principals of the selected schools. Informed consent was obtained from the principals of the schools who acted in place of the parents and guardians who were not in the community and also from parents within the community. Assent was obtained from adolescents either written or verbal. CVD risk factors were assessed using standard measures .Result shows 23% of adolescents are underweight, 75% normal weight and 1.4% overweight. Waist hip ratio of 84.6% of adolescents are normal, 15.4% abdominal obesity, for physical activity level; 27.9% had low physical activity level, 36.5% moderate physical activity level and 35.6% high physical activity level. More female had low activity level compared to male, 63.5% compared to 36.5% The adolescents generally have bad dietary pattern such as high fat consumption, low fruit and vegetable intake Underweight is still a major problem among rural adolescents. Many of the rural adolescents are not active enough to safeguard their future health. Sedentary living is more among female than male. Although these rural adolescents are not generally obese but there is a high prevalence of abdominal obesity, low fruit and vegetable consumption which is associated with cardiovascular disease Implication; there is need for CVD primordial and primary prevention program for Nigerian rural adolescents

Physical activity less than the recommended amount may prevent the onset of major biological risk factors for cardiovascular disease: a cohort study of 198 919 adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Martinez-Gomez ◽  
Irene Esteban-Cornejo ◽  
Esther Lopez-Garcia ◽  
Esther García-Esquinas ◽  
Kabir P Sadarangani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidaemia

ObjectivesWe examined the dose–response relationship between physical activity (PA) and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adults in Taiwan.MethodsThis study included 1 98 919 participants, aged 18–97 years, free of CVD, cancer and diabetes at baseline (1997–2013), who were followed until 2016. At baseline, participants were classified into five PA levels: inactive’ (0 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-h/week), ‘lower insufficiently active’ (0.1–3.75 MET-h/week), ‘upper insufficiently active’ (3.75–7.49 MET-h/week), ‘active’ (7.5–14.99 MET-h/week) and ‘highly active’ (≥15 MET-h/week]. CVD risk factors were assessed at baseline and at follow-up by physical examination and laboratory tests. Analyses were performed with Cox regression and adjusted for the main confounders.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 6.0±4.5 years (range 0.5–19 years), 20 447 individuals developed obesity, 19 619 hypertension, 21 592 hypercholesterolaemia, 14 164 atherogenic dyslipidaemia, 24 275 metabolic syndrome and 8548 type 2 diabetes. Compared with inactive participants, those in the upper insufficiently active (but not active) category had a lower risk of obesity (HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.88 to 0.95), atherogenic dyslipidaemia (0.96; 0.90 to 0.99), metabolic syndrome (0.95; 0.92 to 0.99) and type 2 diabetes (0.91; 0.86 to 0.97). Only highly active individuals showed a lower incidence of CVD risk factors than their upper insufficiently active counterparts.ConclusionCompared with being inactive, doing half the recommended amount of PA is associated with a lower incidence of several common biological CVD risk factors. Given these benefits, half the recommended amount of PA is an evidence based target for inactive adults.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease risk factors among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care centre of eastern India: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somnath Mukhopadhay ◽  
Anindya Mukherjee ◽  
Dibbendhu Khanra ◽  
Biaus Samanta ◽  
Avik Karak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk

Abstract Background Handful studies report the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among medical students from India and none from the eastern part of the country. Aim To estimate the prevalence of risk factors of CVD and their correlation with CVD risk ratio among the MBBS students from eastern India. Methods 433 students were studied. International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form was used for assessment of physical activity and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to elicit psychological stress levels. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was calculated. Total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio was calculated as the CVD risk ratio. Results 39.3% were women and 68.6% of the subjects were in junior classes. 22.4% subjects had high PSS while 30% performed low physical activity. Tobacco and alcohol intake was prevalent in 29.3% and 21.0% respectively. High CVD risk ratio was found in 14.3%. Most risk factors were more prevalent among juniors except diabetes. Among the non-overweight and non-obese subjects there was a significant positive correlation between WHtR and CVD risk score (R = 0.33, p < 0.001). 82.7% of the variance in CVD risk ratio could be explained by WHtR, Body mass index, Triglycerides and Low-density lipoprotein (F(7, 425) = 296.085), of which LDL (β = 0.755) contributed the most. Conclusions High prevalence of different modifiable CVD risk factors revealed among the subjects in this study is concerning. WHtR appears promising as an independent early predictor of CVD risk in Indian population. A dedicated CVD risk assessment tool for the young population is necessary.

Western dietary pattern increases risk of cardiovascular disease in Iranian adults: a prospective population-based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Zahra Bahadoran ◽  
Azita Zadeh Vakili ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern ◽  
Increased Risk

Limited data are available regarding the association of major dietary patterns and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Middle Eastern countries. We aimed to evaluate the association of major dietary patterns, using factor analysis, with the risk of CVD. Participants without CVD (n = 2284) were recruited from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study and were followed for a mean of 4.7 years. Dietary intake of participants was assessed at baseline (2006–2008); biochemical variables were evaluated at baseline and follow-up examination. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to estimate risk of CVD across tertiles of dietary pattern scores. Linear regression models were used to indicate association of dietary pattern scores with changes of CVD risk factors over the study period. Two major dietary patterns, Western and traditional, were identified. During a mean 4.7 ± 1.4 years of follow-up, 57 participants experienced CVD-related events. In the fully adjusted model, we observed an increased risk of CVD-related events in the highest compared to the lowest tertile category of Western dietary pattern score (HR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.03–4.18, P for trend = 0.01). Traditional dietary pattern was not associated with incidence of CVD or CVD risk factors. A significant association was observed between the Western dietary pattern and changes in serum insulin (β = 5.88, 95% CI = 0.34–11.4). Our findings confirm that the Western dietary pattern, characterized by higher loads of processed meats, salty snacks, sweets, and soft drinks, is a dietary risk factor for CVD in the Iranian population.

scholarly journals 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Estimation Based on Lipid Profile-Based and BMI-Based Framingham Risk Scores across Multiple Sociodemographic Characteristics: The Malaysian Cohort Project

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boekhtiar Borhanuddin ◽  
Azmawati Mohd Nawi ◽  
Shamsul Azhar Shah ◽  
Noraidatulakma Abdullah ◽  
Syed Zulkifli Syed Zakaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Framingham Risk

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) leads to high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. Therefore, it is important to determine the risk of CVD across the sociodemographic factors to strategize preventive measures. The current study consisted of 53,122 adults between the ages of 35 and 65 years from The Malaysian Cohort project during recruitment phase from year 2006 to year 2012. Sociodemographic profile and physical activity level were assessed via self-reported questionnaire, whereas relevant CVD-related biomarkers and biophysical variables were measured to determine the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). The main outcome was the 10-year risk of CVD via FRS calculated based on lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) associated formulae. The BMI-based formula yielded a higher estimation of 10-year CVD risk than the lipid profile-based formula in the study for both males (median = 13.2% and 12.7%, respectively) and females (median = 4.3% and 4.2%, respectively). The subgroup with the highest risk for 10-year CVD events (based on both FRS formulae) was the Malay males who have lower education level and low physical activity level. Future strategies for the reduction of CVD risk should focus on screening via BMI-based FRS in this at-risk subpopulation to increase the cost-effectiveness of the prevention initiatives.

Pain Characteristics, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Cardiovascular Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Rodríguez-Sánchez ◽  
Rosario Ortolá ◽  
Auxiliadora Graciani ◽  
David Martínez-Gómez ◽  
Jose R Banegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Recreational Physical Activity ◽  
Cvd Risk

Abstract Background There is unclear evidence that chronic pain may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. This work evaluated the association between chronic pain, incidence of CVD and changes in CVD risk factors. Methods Cohort of 1091 community-dwelling individuals ≥60years, free from CVD at baseline, followed up for 6 years. Data on psychosocial factors and CVD risk factors was obtained through validated questionnaires and laboratory measurements. A pain scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 6 (worst pain) was created according to pain frequency, location and intensity. Results The cumulative incidence of CVD was 4.2% at 3 years, and 7.7% at 5-years of follow-up. Compared to individuals without pain in the first 3 years (2012-2015), those with maintained scores ≥2 showed a mean reduction of 3.57 (-5.77,-1.37) METs-h/week in recreational physical activity; a 0.38-point (0.04,0.73) increase in psychological distress; and a 1.79 (1.03,3.11) higher odds of poor sleep. These associations held in the second follow-up period, when individuals with maintained pain also worsened their diet quality. A 1-point increase in the pain scale in 2012 was associated with a 1.21 (1.03,1.42) and 1.18 (0.97,1.44) increased CVD incidence in 2015 and 2017, respectively; none of the studied factors mediated this relationship. Conclusions Older adults with chronic pain show important reductions in recreational physical activity and deterioration in mental health, sleep and diet quality, which may well aggravate pain. Future studies should evaluate whether these factors mediate the increased risk of CVD observed in older adults with chronic pain.

scholarly journals The Role of Clinical Pharmacists in Modifying Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Autumn Bagwell ◽  
Jessica W. Skelley ◽  
Lana Saad ◽  
Thomas Woolley ◽  
DeeAnn Dugan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk

Objective: Assess the effect of intensive clinical and educational interventions aimed at reducing risk factors for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), implemented by clinical pharmacists, on modifying risk factors in targeted patients at high risk for CVD. Design: Patients with at least two risk factors for CHD were identified at two clinics by conducting a pre-intervention survey and were monitored over a period of 6 months with follow up conversations conducted every 4 weeks by phone and at subsequent physician visits. A post-intervention survey was conducted at the end of the study period to detect modified risk factors. Setting: The Jefferson County Public Health Department (JCHD) Participants: We followed a total of 47 patients over 6 months. The average age at baseline was 51 years old and 80% of the participants were female. The baseline average number of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors was 3.7. Measurements: We assessed total number of CVD risk factors, smoking behavior, blood pressure, LDL, A1C, weight, and level of physical activity (major modifiable risk factors by the American Heart Association). Results: Over a 6 month follow-up of 47 patients, statistically significant reductions occurred in total number of CVD risk factors, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and A1C. Reductions also occurred in LDL level, weight, and changes in smoking behavior and physical activity were identified. Conclusions: Results showed that increased patient counseling on adherence and lifestyle changes along with increased disease state monitoring and medication adjustment led by a clinical pharmacist can decrease risk factors in patients with multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease.   Type: Student Project

What people really know about hypertension and other cardiovascular disease risk factors. Recommendations vs reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wierzowiecka ◽  
A Niklas ◽  
W Drygas ◽  
A Pajak ◽  
T Zdrojewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cvd Prevention ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The WOBASZ II project was financed by the resources available to the Minister of Health as part of the POLKARD National Program to Equalise Accessibility to Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment for 2010–2012, the goal of which was to monitor the epidemiological situation in Poland in the field of cardiovascular diseases. Cyclically, new guidelines are developed to prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVD). But unfortunately their implementation in clinical practice is poor. The aim of the study was 1)  to evaluate the awareness of CVD prevention principles in a representative sample of adult residents of Poland with diagnosed hypertension (HT); 2) to investigate the prevalence of modifiable CVD risk factors such as obesity, hyperlipemia, smoking, low physical activity, excessive intake of sodium, insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption in the daily diet, and to determine the extent to which recommendations for CVD prevention are implemented in everyday practice; 3) to evaluate how knowledge of CVD risk factors affects the control of HT. The study covered 2783 individuals with diagnosed HT. 72,2% knew the term ‘risk factor’. Spontaneously listed risk factors for CVD: HT 36,8%, smoking 43,3%, overweight and obesity 28,5%, unhealthy food 30,9%, increased cholesterol level 25,3%, and low physical activity 25,1%. Complications that can be caused by untreated HT, were listed by 72,6% to be a stroke, heart diseases by 57,8%, atherosclerotic lesions in the arteries by 17,7%, kidney disease by 9,5%, and vision disorder by 9,2%. Prevention methods other than medication were listed by more physical activity 38,8%, reduction of body weight in overweight people 45,5%, stop smoking 43,7%, conducting a regular lifestyle 42,1%, limiting fat intake 38,3%, restrictions on drinking alcohol 37,5%, daily consumption of vegetables and fruits 20,6%. No prevention method has been mentioned by 10,5% of patients. 73.2% declared knowledge of the upper limits of the correct blood pressure (BP), but only 10.2% gave the correct values. Overweight was found in 39% of patients, obesity in 36.7%, smoking in 21.3%, low physical activity (&lt;30 min 4-7/week) in 33.4%, sodium intake &gt;1.5g/day in 58.0%, low (&lt;200g/day) consumption of fruits in 84.1%, and vegetables in 70.6%. Controlled BP was only found in 23% and controlled hyperlipidemia only in 11.2% of subjects. During medical visits, about 9.2% of patients did not receive any recommendations for pharmacological treatment even if their BP did not reach the therapeutic goal. Knowledge about CVD risk factors [hypercholesterolemia OR 1,63; HT 1,53; low physical activity 1,24, overweight and obesity 1,23, knowledge about complications of HT [stroke or cerebral ischemia 1,77, heart disease 1,52, nephropathy 1,51, atherosclerosis 1,48, retinopathy 1,38, knowledge about non-pharmacological treatment like regular consumption of vegetables and fruits 1,33 increases the chance of achieving BP control. The knowledge about CVD risk factors and possible complications of HT in patients with HT is low. Factors that have a significant impact on a BP control are: knowledge of CVD risk factors, possible complications of HT and the recommendations given during visits about increasing physical activity and a healthy diet, as well as home and office BP measurements.

Physical activity level (PAL) and risk factors of cardiovascular disease in the MASHAD study cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 102316
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Sadabadi ◽  
Roshanak Ghaffarian Zirak ◽  
Hamideh Ghazizadeh ◽  
Mohadese rohban ◽  
Azam Rastgar Moghadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Study Cohort

Prevalence of traditional and novel markers of cardiovascular disease risk in Scottish adolescents: socioeconomic effects

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan S. Buchan ◽  
Stewart Ollis ◽  
Non-Eleri Thomas ◽  
Alan Simpson ◽  
John D. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Pai 1

Information on the health status and physical activity of Scottish adolescents is limited. This study examines the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Scottish adolescents by socioeconomic status (SES). Participants were recruited from two high schools that differed in the SES of the students in attendance. The sample included 73 boys and 34 girls (16.4 ± 0.6 years). Variables included anthropometry, physical activity, physical fitness, blood pressure, diet, and 11 metabolic markers of CVD risk. Significant sex differences (P ≤ 0.01) were noted for stature, waist circumference, waist–hip ratio, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular power, sprint speed, and several CVD risk factors: high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Boys from a lower SES had significantly higher levels of glucose and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) but lower levels of adiponectin compared with boys from a higher SES. Girls from a lower SES had significantly (P ≤ 0.01) higher glucose and PAI-1 levels but lower levels of insulin and adiponectin than girls from a higher SES. High fat diets, low physical activity levels, and elevated CRP and total cholesterol levels were the CVD risk factors most commonly identified as being at-risk levels in this cohort, regardless of sex or SES. SES differences were not consistently apparent, but several CVD risk factors were identified as elevated in this sample of adolescents, regardless of sex or SES.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document