Abstract P297: Reduced Fat Mass and Improved Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight Black Women after Completion of 6-month Worksite Weight Loss Program

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin M Leon ◽  
Bernard V Miller ◽  
Gloria Zalos ◽  
Kong Y Chen ◽  
Anne E Sumner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Total Fat

Background: As the epidemic of obesity in the United States steadily worsens, black women are disproportionately affected. Diminished insulin sensitivity has been linked with obesity and heightened risk of subsequent type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hypothesis: We propose that a decrease in fat mass achievable by weight loss intervention at the worksite improves insulin sensitivity in overweight black women. Methods: Fifty-four overweight black women [age 45±10 years (mean±SD), BMI range 25.9 to 54.7 kg/m 2 ] completed a 6-month program that included web-based nutrition information and/or dietitian counseling and access to exercise rooms near their work areas. All participants were advised to reduce daily caloric intake by 500 kcal and instructed to increase daily activity by 5,000 steps, measured by pedometer, above baseline readings. The following measurements were performed: weight, total fat mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and insulin sensitivity index (S I ) calculated from the minimal model. Repeat of all measurements was performed at 6 months. Results: Baseline S I (median 3.0 liter/mU -1 •min -1 , range 0.74 to 7.58 liter/mU -1 •min -1 , with lower values signifying insulin resistance) was negatively associated with fat mass (r= -0.584, P<0.001) independent of age. Significant reductions in weight (92.6±18.1 to 91.1±18.9 kg, P<0.01) and fat mass (40.8±12.4 to 39.4±12.6 kg, P<0.01) were determined for subjects completing the program. Reduction in fat mass following completion of the program was associated with an increase in S I (r= -0.293, P=0.032). When analyzed by tertiles of fat mass change (Figure), compared to the tertile with net fat mass gain (far left bar), the two tertiles with net fat mass loss had significantly improved insulin sensitivity (higher S I ). Conclusions: Even modest fat mass reduction in overweight non-diabetic black women with a combination of diet and exercise can improve insulin sensitivity, which has the potential to reduce or delay the onset of T2D and CVD.

Abstract P132: Effectiveness of a Worksite Wellness Program on Dietary Intake, Adiposity, Exercise Performance, Insulin Sensitivity, and Lipids in Overweight Women

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea V Carnie ◽  
Jonathan Lin ◽  
Amber B Courville ◽  
Diane Dellavalle ◽  
Gloria Zalos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Nutritional Information ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Total Fat

Introduction The prevalence of obesity is increasing, especially among black women. Wellness programs have been proposed to prevent obesity-associated disease. Success of worksite programs in achieving weight loss and improving obesity-associated metabolic complications for women is widely variable. Hypothesis A program emphasizing reduced fat and energy intake in addition to exercise at the worksite can improve health measures in overweight female NIH employees, especially when provided with regular nutritional counseling. Methods One hundred overweight (BMI 25 to 57 kg/m2) women (59% black) were provided web-based nutritional information, then randomized to regular meetings and weigh-ins with a dietitian (intervention) or control; all were instructed to increase pedometer counts by 5000 over baseline and given access to a private fitness room. Three day food records, body composition (DXA), lipids, glucose, insulin, and treadmill exercise capacity were measured at baseline and 6 month visits. Results At 6 months, subjects reported decreased daily energy intake (-21%), total fat intake (-24%), and percent calories from fat (-6%), all p< 0.001. Significant reduction in weight, fat mass, and percent truncal fat was determined for all subjects, in addition to improvement in functional exercise capacity (Table). Subjects improved insulin sensitivity (HOMA), and showed reduction in cholesterol and triglyceride levels (Table). There were no significant differences between interventions vs. controls in outcome measures. Intervention subjects who attended > 80% of nutrition classes (n= 17) tended to lose more weight (-3.8 ± 4.4 vs. -1.3 ± 3.0 kg, p=0.06) and fat mass (-2.7 ± 3.9 vs. -1 ± 2.8 kg, p= 0.07), than women who attended less regularly (n=38). Conclusion Overweight female employees provided with web-based nutritional information and worksite exercise resources significantly improved health measures. Consistent attendance at nutrition counseling sessions may facilitate achievement of weight and fat loss.

scholarly journals Weight Loss Programs May Have Beneficial or Adverse Effects on Fat Mass and Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight and Obese Black Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Leon ◽  
Bernard V. Miller ◽  
Gloria Zalos ◽  
Amber B. Courville ◽  
Anne E. Sumner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Weight Loss Programs

Relationship between Visceral Fat and PAI-1 in Overweight Men and Women before and after Weight Loss

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1490-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kockx ◽  
R. Leenen ◽  
J. Seidell ◽  
H. M. G. Princen ◽  
T. Kooistra
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Pai 1

SummaryThis study was aimed at evaluating the relationship between visceral fat accumulation and plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in healthy, obese men and women undergoing weight loss therapy. The subjects, 25 men and 25 premenopausal women, aged between 26 and 49 years, with an initial body mass index between 28 and 38 kg/m2, received a controlled diet for 13 weeks providing a 4.2 MJ/day energy deficit. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat. Our results show that before weight loss visceral fat was significantly correlated with PAI-1 in men (r = 0.45; p <0.05), but not in women (r = -0.15; ns). The association between visceral fat and PAI-1 in men remained significant after adjustment for age and total fat mass, and multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant independent contribution of visceral fat to plasma PAI-1 levels. Both visceral fat areas and PAI-1 levels decreased significantly with weight loss in both men and women. Changes in visceral fat area were related to changes in PAI-1 in women (r = -0.43; p = 0.05) but not in men (r = -0.01; ns); however, this association in women disappeared after adjustment for total fat mass. We conclude that there is a relationship between visceral fat and PAI-1 in obese men but not in obese women, and that PAI-1 levels decrease substantially (52%) by weight loss, but this change is not related to changes in visceral fat mass per se.

scholarly journals WITHDRAWN: Improvement in the insulin sensitivity index with weight loss in rodents fed a 40% fat diet

Appetite ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hughes ◽  
D.K. Sindelar ◽  
J. Alexander-Chacko ◽  
J. Dill ◽  
Nicole Newton
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity Index

scholarly journals Effect of Time-Restricted Feeding on Body Weight and Cardiometabolic Risks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A8-A9
Author(s):  
Darin Ruanpeng ◽  
Sikarin Upala ◽  
Anawin Sanguankeo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
And Control

Abstract Introduction: Time-restricted eating (TRE) or time-restricted feeding (TRF), a form of intermittent fasting (IF) when food consumption is restricted to a 4–12 hour window, poses unique possible health benefits that allow the nutrient to work in harmony with circadian rhythm. Whether TRF is effective in weight loss and cardiometabolic profile compare to usual diet is controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized control trials to investigate the weight and metabolic effects of TRF in humans. Methods: The systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL from database inception to November 30, 2020. The search terms included time restricting feeding, time-restricted eating, periodic fasting, intermittent fasting, and periodic fasting. The eligibility criteria included a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the effect of TRF as an intervention and control diet on weight and cardiometabolic risks in individuals with overweight (BMI 23–26.9 kg/m2 in Asian and 25–29.9 kg/m2 in others) or obesity (BMI≥27 kg/m2 in Asian and ≥30 kg/m2 in others) with study duration of at least 8 weeks. The primary outcome is the change in body weight between preintervention and postintervention. The secondary outcome is the change in total fat mass and lean mass, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides. Pool mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each outcome. Results: Four articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. There were 511 participants with BMI 24 kg/m2 and above and aged between 18 and 65. TRF was defined as a 4–8 hours ad-lib unrestricted eating in 24 hours. The control diet was defined as ad-lib eating per usual habits. There was a significant improvement in weight and body composition in the TRF group. The mean weight loss was -2.08 kg (95% CI: -3.49 to -0.68) greater among TRF group. There was a significant total fat mass and lean mass loss in the TRF group with the MD of -1.29 kg (95% CI: -2.04 to -0.54) and -0.59 kg (95% CI: -1.15 to -0.03), respectively. There was no significant change in HDL, LDL, or triglycerides comparing between TRF and control diet. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis of RCT showed that TRF with no calories restriction resulted in significant decreased in weight, fat mass, and a slight decreased in total lean mass compared with control diet. Our findings support TRF as an effective lifestyle intervention for weight loss.

Gender-dependent effects of exercise training on serum leptin levels in humans

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (4) ◽  
pp. E562-E566 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Hickey ◽  
J. A. Houmard ◽  
R. V. Considine ◽  
G. L. Tyndall ◽  
J. B. Midgette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Body Fat Content

Leptin, the product of the ob gene, is elevated in obese humans and appears to be closely related to body fat content. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise training on systemic leptin levels in humans. Eighteen sedentary middle-aged men (n = 9) and women (n = 9) who did not differ in aerobic capacity (29.4 +/- 1.2 vs. 27.5 +/- 1.2 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) or insulin sensitivity index (3.41 +/- 1.12 vs. 4.88 +/- 0.55) were studied. Fat mass was significantly lower in females vs. males (21.83 +/- 2.25 vs. 26.99 +/- 2.37 kg, P < 0.05). Despite this, fasting serum leptin was significantly higher in the females vs. males (18.27 +/- 2.55 vs. 9.88 +/- 1.26 ng/ml, P < 0.05). Serum leptin concentration decreased 17.5% in females (P < 0.05) after 12 wk of aerobic exercise training (4 day/wk, 30-45 min/day) but was not significantly reduced in males. Fat mass was not altered after training in either group. In contrast, both aerobic capacity (+13% males, +9.1% females) and insulin sensitivity (+35% males, +82% females) were significantly improved subsequent to training. These data suggest that 1) women have higher circulating leptin concentrations despite lower fat mass and 2) exercise training appears to have a greater effect on systemic leptin levels in females than in males.

scholarly journals Insulin Sensitivity as an Independent Predictor of Fat Mass Gain in Hispanic Adolescents

Diabetes Care ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 2114-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Adam ◽  
C. Toledo-Corral ◽  
C. J. Lane ◽  
M. J. Weigensberg ◽  
D. Spruijt-Metz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Hispanic Adolescents

Adiponectin is not altered with exercise training despite enhanced insulin action

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (4) ◽  
pp. E861-E865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Hulver ◽  
Donghai Zheng ◽  
Charles J. Tanner ◽  
Joseph A. Houmard ◽  
William E. Kraus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽  
Adiponectin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Adiponectin ◽  
Before And After

Adiponectin is an adipocytokine that is hypothesized to be involved in the regulation of insulin action. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether plasma adiponectin is altered in conjunction with enhanced insulin action with exercise training. An insulin sensitivity index (SI) and fasting levels of glucose, insulin, and adiponectin were assessed before and after 6 mo of exercise training (4 days/wk for ∼45 min at 65–80% peak O2 consumption) with no loss of body mass (PRE, 91.9 ± 3.8 kg vs. POST, 91.6 ± 3.9 kg) or fat mass (PRE, 26.5 ± 1.8 kg vs. POST, 26.7 ± 2.2 kg). Insulin action significantly ( P < 0.05) improved with exercise training (SI +98%); however, plasma adiponectin concentration did not change (PRE, 6.3 ± 1.5 μg/ml vs. POST, 6.6 ± 1.8 μg/ml). In contrast, in a separate group of subjects examined before and after weight loss, there was a substantial increase in adiponectin (+281%), which was accompanied by enhanced insulin action (SI, +432%). These data suggest that adiponectin is not a contributory factor to the exercise-related improvements in insulin sensitivity.

scholarly journals MOSH Syndrome (Male Obesity Secondary Hypogonadism): Clinical Assessment and Possible Therapeutic Approaches

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonino De Lorenzo ◽  
Annalisa Noce ◽  
Eleonora Moriconi ◽  
Tiziana Rampello ◽  
Giulia Marrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Secondary Hypogonadism

Male obesity secondary hypogonadism (MOSH) impairs fertility, sexual function, bone mineralization, fat metabolism, cognitive function, deteriorates muscle mass and alters body composition. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effect of dietary intervention and physical activity on the MOSH patient&rsquo;s hormonal profile after a 10% weight loss compared to baseline. Fourteen male patients were enrolled. Hormonal, lipid, glycemic profiles and body composition were determined at baseline and after a 10% weight loss. Aging Male Symptoms Scale (AMS) and Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) were administered to patients in order to investigate hypogonadal symptoms and food addiction. Compared to baseline, a significant increase of Total Testosterone (TT) (300.2 &plusmn; 79.5 ng/dl vs 408.3 &plusmn; 125.9, p = 0.002, 95% CI 26.8; 167.7) and a reduction of 17-Beta Estradiol level (48.3 &plusmn; 14.9 pg/mL vs 39.2 &plusmn; 15.2, p = 0.049, 95% CI 3.1; 0.0) were observed. Total Fat Mass (FM) percentage, android and gynoid fat mass percentage (39.2 &plusmn; 6.4% vs 36.2 &plusmn; 5.8%, p = 0.0001, 95% CI 22.5; 62.3; 51.5 &plusmn; 6.8% vs 47.6 &plusmn; 6.8%, p = 0.001, 95% CI 0.6; 1.8, vs 39.2 &plusmn; 6.2% vs 36.5 &plusmn; 6.3% p= 0.0001, 95% CI 0.9; 2.0 respectively) were significantly decreased after nutritional intervention. In addition, total Fat Free Mass (FFM) in kg was significantly reduced after 10% weight loss (62.3&plusmn; 2.8 kg vs 60.3&plusmn; 7.7 kg, p = 0.002, 95% CI 45.0; 93.0). Lifestyle changes, specifically dietotherapy and physical activity, induce positive effects on hypogonadism due to obesity.

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