WITHDRAWN: Improvement in the insulin sensitivity index with weight loss in rodents fed a 40% fat diet

Adiponectin is an adipocytokine that is hypothesized to be involved in the regulation of insulin action. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether plasma adiponectin is altered in conjunction with enhanced insulin action with exercise training. An insulin sensitivity index (SI) and fasting levels of glucose, insulin, and adiponectin were assessed before and after 6 mo of exercise training (4 days/wk for ∼45 min at 65–80% peak O2 consumption) with no loss of body mass (PRE, 91.9 ± 3.8 kg vs. POST, 91.6 ± 3.9 kg) or fat mass (PRE, 26.5 ± 1.8 kg vs. POST, 26.7 ± 2.2 kg). Insulin action significantly ( P < 0.05) improved with exercise training (SI +98%); however, plasma adiponectin concentration did not change (PRE, 6.3 ± 1.5 μg/ml vs. POST, 6.6 ± 1.8 μg/ml). In contrast, in a separate group of subjects examined before and after weight loss, there was a substantial increase in adiponectin (+281%), which was accompanied by enhanced insulin action (SI, +432%). These data suggest that adiponectin is not a contributory factor to the exercise-related improvements in insulin sensitivity.

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Abstract P297: Reduced Fat Mass and Improved Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight Black Women after Completion of 6-month Worksite Weight Loss Program

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.127.suppl_12.ap297 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽

Author(s):

Benjamin M Leon ◽

Bernard V Miller ◽

Gloria Zalos ◽

Kong Y Chen ◽

Anne E Sumner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Black Women ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

Mass Gain ◽

The United States ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Web Based ◽

Total Fat

Background: As the epidemic of obesity in the United States steadily worsens, black women are disproportionately affected. Diminished insulin sensitivity has been linked with obesity and heightened risk of subsequent type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hypothesis: We propose that a decrease in fat mass achievable by weight loss intervention at the worksite improves insulin sensitivity in overweight black women. Methods: Fifty-four overweight black women [age 45±10 years (mean±SD), BMI range 25.9 to 54.7 kg/m 2 ] completed a 6-month program that included web-based nutrition information and/or dietitian counseling and access to exercise rooms near their work areas. All participants were advised to reduce daily caloric intake by 500 kcal and instructed to increase daily activity by 5,000 steps, measured by pedometer, above baseline readings. The following measurements were performed: weight, total fat mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and insulin sensitivity index (S I ) calculated from the minimal model. Repeat of all measurements was performed at 6 months. Results: Baseline S I (median 3.0 liter/mU -1 •min -1 , range 0.74 to 7.58 liter/mU -1 •min -1 , with lower values signifying insulin resistance) was negatively associated with fat mass (r= -0.584, P<0.001) independent of age. Significant reductions in weight (92.6±18.1 to 91.1±18.9 kg, P<0.01) and fat mass (40.8±12.4 to 39.4±12.6 kg, P<0.01) were determined for subjects completing the program. Reduction in fat mass following completion of the program was associated with an increase in S I (r= -0.293, P=0.032). When analyzed by tertiles of fat mass change (Figure), compared to the tertile with net fat mass gain (far left bar), the two tertiles with net fat mass loss had significantly improved insulin sensitivity (higher S I ). Conclusions: Even modest fat mass reduction in overweight non-diabetic black women with a combination of diet and exercise can improve insulin sensitivity, which has the potential to reduce or delay the onset of T2D and CVD.

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Equivalence of the insulin sensitivity index in man derived by the minimal model method and the euglycemic glucose clamp.

Journal of Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1172/jci112886 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 790-800 ◽

Cited By ~ 481

Author(s):

R N Bergman ◽

R Prager ◽

A Volund ◽

J M Olefsky

Keyword(s):

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Minimal Model ◽

Glucose Clamp ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽

Model Method

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Postprandial glucose fluxes and insulin sensitivity during exercise: A study in healthy individuals

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00182.2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 305 (4) ◽

pp. E557-E566 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Michele Schiavon ◽

Ling Hinshaw ◽

Ashwini Mallad ◽

Chiara Dalla Man ◽

Giovanni Sparacino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Glucose Production ◽

Endogenous Glucose Production ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Glucose Turnover ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Moderate Exercise ◽

Insulin Sensitivity Index

Quantifying the effect size of acute exercise on insulin sensitivity (SIexercise) and simultaneous measurement of glucose disappearance (Rd), endogenous glucose production (EGP), and meal glucose appearance in the postprandial state has not been developed in humans. To do so, we studied 12 healthy subjects [5 men, age 37.1 ± 3.1 yr, body mass index 24.1 ± 1.1 kg/m2, fat-free mass (FFM) 50.9 ± 3.9 kg] during moderate exercise at 50% V̇o2max for 75 min, 120–195 min after a triple-tracer mixed meal consumed at time 0. Tracer infusion rates were adjusted to achieve constant tracer-to-tracee ratio and minimize non-steady-state errors. Glucose turnover was estimated by accounting for the nonstationary kinetics introduced by exercise. Insulin sensitivity index was calculated in each subject both in the absence [time ( t) = 0–120 min, SIrest] and presence ( t = 0–360 min, SIexercise) of physical activity. EGP at t = 0 min (13.4 ± 1.1 μM·kg FFM−1·min−1) fell at t = 120 min (2.4 ± 0.4 μM·kg FFM−1·min−1) and then rapidly rose almost eightfold at t = 180 min (18.2 ± 2.6 μM·kg FFM−1·min−1) before gradually falling at t = 360 min (10.6 ± 0.9 μM·kg FFM−1·min−1). Rd rapidly peaked at t = 120 min at the start of exercise (89.5 ± 11.6 μM·kg FFM−1·min−1) and then gradually declined at t = 195 min (26.4 ± 3.3 μM·kg FFM−1·min−1) before returning to baseline at t = 360 min. SIexercise was significantly higher than SIrest (21.6 ± 3.7 vs. 12.5 ± 2.0 10−4 dl·kg−1·min−1 per μU/ml, P < 0.0005). Glucose turnover was estimated for the first time during exercise with the triple-tracer technique. Our results, applying state-of-the-art techniques, show that moderate exercise almost doubles postprandial insulin sensitivity index in healthy subjects.

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Associations of phthalate exposure with lipid levels and insulin sensitivity index in children: A prospective cohort study

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.151 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 662 ◽

pp. 714-721 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hyejin Han ◽

Hye Ah Lee ◽

Bohyun Park ◽

Bomi Park ◽

Young Sun Hong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽

Phthalate Exposure

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Genome-Wide Association Study of the Modified Stumvoll Insulin Sensitivity Index Identifies BCL2 and FAM19A2 as Novel Insulin Sensitivity Loci

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db16-0199 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 65 (10) ◽

pp. 3200-3211 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Geoffrey A. Walford ◽

Stefan Gustafsson ◽

Denis Rybin ◽

Alena Stančáková ◽

Han Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Association Study ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽

Genome Wide

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Relation between Birth Weight and the Insulin Sensitivity Index in a Population Sample of 331 Young, Healthy Caucasians

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009188 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 146 (1) ◽

pp. 23-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

J. O. Clausen ◽

K. Borch-Johnsen ◽

O. Pedersen

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Population Sample ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Insulin Sensitivity Index

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The association of hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance with incident depressive symptoms over 4 years of follow-up: The Maastricht Study

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/s00125-020-05247-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (11) ◽

pp. 2315-2328 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anouk F. J. Geraets ◽

Sebastian Köhler ◽

Rutendo Muzambi ◽

Casper G. Schalkwijk ◽

Anke Oenema ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Temporal Association ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Skin Autofluorescence ◽

Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Depression is twice as common in individuals with type 2 diabetes as in the general population. However, it remains unclear whether hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance are directly involved in the aetiology of depression. Therefore, we investigated the association of markers of hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance, measured as continuous variables, with incident depressive symptoms over 4 years of follow-up. Methods We used data from the longitudinal population-based Maastricht Study (n = 2848; mean age 59.9 ± 8.1 years, 48.8% women, 265 incident depression cases, 10,932 person-years of follow-up). We assessed hyperglycaemia by fasting and 2 h post-load OGTT glucose levels, HbA1c and skin autofluorescence (reflecting AGEs) at baseline. We used the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index and HOMA-IR to calculate insulin resistance at baseline. Depressive symptoms (nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire score ≥10) were assessed at baseline and annually over 4 years. We used Cox regression analyses, and adjusted for demographic, cardiovascular and lifestyle risk factors. Results Fasting plasma glucose, 2 h post-load glucose and HbA1c levels were associated with an increased risk for incident depressive symptoms after full adjustment (HR 1.20 [95% CI 1.08, 1.33]; HR 1.25 [1.08, 1.44]; and HR 1.22 [1.09, 1.37] per SD, respectively), while skin autofluorescence, insulin sensitivity index and HOMA-IR were not (HR 0.99 [0.86, 1.13]; HR 1.02 [0.85, 1.25]; and HR 0.93 [0.81, 1.08], per SD, respectively). Conclusions/interpretation The observed temporal association between hyperglycaemia and incident depressive symptoms in this study supports the presence of a mechanistic link between hyperglycaemia and the development of depressive symptoms.

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Validation of Insulin Sensitivity Indices from Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Parameters in Obese Children and Adolescents

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2003-031503 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 1096-1101 ◽

Cited By ~ 210

Author(s):

Catherine W. Yeckel ◽

Ram Weiss ◽

James Dziura ◽

Sara E. Taksali ◽

Sylvie Dufour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Glucose Tolerance Test ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Sensitivity Index ◽

Intramyocellular Lipid ◽

Insulin Sensitivity Index ◽

Obese Youth ◽

Intramyocellular Lipid Content

Abstract Given the extreme increase in prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, and the potential for metabolic syndrome in obese youth, identifying simplified indexes for assessing stimulated insulin sensitivity is critical. The purpose of this study was validation of two surrogate indexes of insulin sensitivity determined from the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): the composite whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI). An obese population (aged 8–18 yr) of normal and impaired glucose tolerance individuals was studied. One group (n = 38) performed both the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and OGTT for comparison of insulin sensitivity measurements as well as 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy estimates of intramyocellular lipid content. Another larger (n = 368) cohort participated only in an OGTT. Both the WBISI and ISI represented good estimates (r = 0.78 and 0.74; P < 0.0005) for clamp-derived insulin sensitivity (glucose disposed, M-value), respectively. In the large cohort, the surrogate indexes demonstrated the shift toward poorer function and increased risk profile as a function of insulin resistance. Additionally, the WBISI and ISI correlated with intramyocellular lipid content (r = −0.74 and −0.71; P < 0.0001), a tissue marker for insulin resistance. Insulin sensitivity can be estimated using plasma glucose and insulin responses derived from the OGTT in obese youth with normal and impaired glucose tolerance.

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