Abstract 046: Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Television Viewing Before Pregnancy and Risk of Gestational Diabetes: A Longitudinal Analysis From the CARDIA Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara M Whitaker ◽  
Katherine H Ingram ◽  
Duke Appiah ◽  
Wanda K Nicholson ◽  
Wendy L Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Baseline Fitness

Introduction: Low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), and excess sedentary behaviors are associated with a greater risk of type 2 diabetes. Less is known about the role of fitness, MVPA, and sedentary behaviors before pregnancy with subsequent development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a strong risk factor for future diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Objective: To assess the associations of pre-pregnancy fitness, MVPA, and time spent watching television (a surrogate for sedentary behavior) with risk of GDM. Methods: Participants were 1,333 women enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study who did not have diabetes at baseline (1985-86) or before post-baseline births. Baseline fitness was estimated using a graded symptom-limited maximal treadmill test and expressed in metabolic equivalent units (METS). Baseline MVPA (exercise units/day) was measured using the CARDIA physical activity history questionnaire, and television viewing (hours/day) was assessed by self-report in 1990-91. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for study center, baseline age, race, parity, education, family history of diabetes, smoking, alcohol, dietary fat, pre-pregnancy body mass index, HOMA-IR, HDL-cholesterol, and time from baseline to delivery. Results: Over 25 years of follow up, 164 women developed GDM. As shown in the Table , the odds of developing GDM were 22% lower for each 1 standard deviation increment in baseline fitness after adjustment (2.3 METS; OR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.95, p=0.013). MVPA and television viewing were not statistically significantly associated with developing GDM. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies to report an inverse association between objectively measured pre-pregnancy fitness and subsequent development of GDM. Improved pre-conception fitness may benefit women at risk for GDM.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, and Caucasians: The Multiethnic Cohort

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 634-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Steinbrecher ◽  
Eva Erber ◽  
Andrew Grandinetti ◽  
Claudio Nigg ◽  
Laurence N. Kolonel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Japanese Americans ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort

Background:Physical inactivity is an established risk factor for diabetes; however, little is known about this association across ethnic groups with different diabetes risk. Therefore, we evaluated the association between physical activity and diabetes and potential effect modification by ethnicity in the Hawaii component of the Multiethnic Cohort.Methods:Participants, aged 45 to 75 years, were enrolled by completing a questionnaire on demographics, diet, and self-reported weekly hours of strenuous sports, vigorous work, and moderate activity. Among the 74,913 participants (39% Caucasian, 14% Native Hawaiian, 47% Japanese American), 8561 incident diabetes cases were identified by self-report, a medication questionnaire, and through health plan linkages. Cox regression was applied to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) while adjusting for known confounders.Results:Engaging in strenuous sports was inversely related to diabetes risk with HRs (4+ hours/week vs. never) of 0.67 (95%CI: 0.57–0.79) in women and 0.80 (95%CI: 0.72–0.88) in men. In stratified analyses, the inverse association was consistent across ethnic groups. The inverse association of vigorous work with diabetes was limited to men, while beneficial effects of moderate activity were observed only in Caucasians.Conclusions:These findings support a role of high-intensity physical activity and ethnic-specific guidelines in diabetes prevention.

Abstract MP92: Sedentary Behavior: Do Television-viewing and Total Time Sitting Measure the Same Component?

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A McGrane Minton ◽  
Kelly Thevenet-Morrison ◽  
I. Diana Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Tv Viewing

Background: Sedentary behaviors (SB) are activities associated with prolonged time periods of sitting, reclining, or laying down during waking hours. While the relation between SB and physical activity is complex, the common consensus is that SB is not the absence of physical activity and consists of its own determinants posing distinct health outcomes. These behaviors are of significant public health importance as the majority of Americans spend much of their days in SB and due to the increased risks of morbidity and mortality associated with SB. Adverse health outcomes associated with SB include cardiovascular disease, obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension and mortality. Television-viewing time and total sitting time have both been used widely to assess time spent in SB and therefore we hypothesize that TV-viewing time and total hours sitting will have high concordance and can be used interchangeably to represent sedentary behaviors. Methods: Using a sample (n = 2858) from the Images of a Healthy Worksite study, a group-randomized control trial involving nutrition and physical activity, the current study assessed how two different tools measured time spent in SB. Tertiles were created based upon the distribution of hours sitting and hours spent TV-vewing. Weighted Kappa statistics were used to measure concordance between hours of TV-viewing and total hours of time spent sitting for the entire sample and for subgroup analyses. Results: Weighted Kappa statistics for tertiles of hours sitting and tv hours were 0.0046, indicating little agreement on the television and the sitting items. Kappa w statistics for BMI categories also showed poor agreement (obese Kappa w = 0.02, overweight Kappa w = 0.002, and healthy subjects Kappa w = 0.006. The Kappa w statistics for males and females were -0.006 and 0.02, respectively. Kappa w statistics for the intervention group (Kappa w = 0.007) and for the control group (Kappa w = 0.0005) also showed little agreement. Conclusions: These results suggest that although commonly used, using television viewing time and total time spent sitting as interchangeable markers of SB, is not a valid assumption. We propose that total time spent sitting and hours spent television-viewing represent different domains within the construct of sedentary behavior. It is important for future researchers to use measures of sedentary behavior that capture the numerous domains involved in measuring SB to allow for the most sensitive measurement of this high-risk behavior.

scholarly journals Comparison of self-report versus accelerometer – measured physical activity and sedentary behaviors and their association with body composition in Latin American countries

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e0232420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerson Luis de Moraes Ferrari ◽  
Irina Kovalskys ◽  
Mauro Fisberg ◽  
Georgina Gómez ◽  
Attilio Rigotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Latin American Countries

Day of the Week is Associated With Meeting Physical Activity Recommendations and Engaging in Excessive Sedentary Time in Youth

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 971-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin B. Moore ◽  
Michael W. Beets ◽  
Sara F. Morris ◽  
Mary Bea Kolbe
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Promotion ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Repeated Events ◽  
Barriers To Physical Activity

Background:Most youth fail to achieve 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily while engaging in excessive amounts of sedentary behaviors. The objective of this investigation was to identify modifiable factors associated with meeting MVPA recommendations or engaging in greater than 55% of observed time sedentary.Methods:Youth (N = 1005, 10.5 yrs, 52% girls) wore accelerometers with daily minutes of MVPA (≥ 2296 counts·min−1) classified as ≥ 60mins/d vs. < 60min/d of MVPA. Sedentary behavior (< 100 counts·min−1) was classified as < 55% or ≥ 55% of total wear-time. Two-level random effects logit survival models for repeated events (days of monitoring) examined the association of psychosocial self-report measures and demographic characteristics to meeting the MVPA recommendation and spending ≥ 55% of time sedentary.Results:Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Sundays were associated with a decreased likelihood of meeting MVPA recommendations relative to Mondays. Wednesday thru Sunday were associated with a decreased likelihood of spending ≥ 55% of time sedentary. Being a boy, receiving transportation, and fewer reported barriers to physical activity were associated with meeting MVPA recommendations.Conclusions:Relatively few youth are engaging in recommended levels of physical activity. Provision of transportation and reduction of barriers to physical activity are relevant targets for physical activity promotion.

scholarly journals Associations of Sedentary Behaviour, Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition with Risk of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Children with Overweight/Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia V. Torres-Lopez ◽  
Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez ◽  
Jairo H. Migueles ◽  
Mireia Adelantado-Renau ◽  
Abel Plaza-Florido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
Sleep Related Breathing Disorders ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Breathing Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk

The aim of this study was to examine the associations of sedentary behaviour, physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and body composition parameters with risk of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) in children with overweight/obesity. One-hundred and nine children (10.0 ± 1.1 years old, 45 girls) with overweight (n = 27) and obesity (n = 82) were included. Television viewing time was self-reported by using the Spanish adaptation of the “Youth Activity Profile” (YAP) questionnaire. Sedentary time and physical activity were measured with accelerometry. CRF was assessed with the 20-m shuttle-run test and body composition parameters with Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. SRBD were evaluated by using the Spanish version of the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire. Television viewing time was positively associated with risk of SRBD (r = 0.222, p = 0.021). CRF was negatively correlated with risk of SRBD (r = −0.210, p = 0.030). Body composition parameters were positively associated with risk of SRBD (all p < 0.05), except fat mass index. Stepwise regression analyses showed that body mass index (BMI) explained the largest proportion of the variance in SRBD (r2 = 0.063, p = 0.01) and television viewing time was the only one added after BMI (r2 change = 0.048, p = 0.022). This study supports the notion that higher body weight status negatively influences risk of SRBD and adds that unhealthy behaviours could contribute to worsen SRBD, related to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. All the significant association observed in this manuscript were of small magnitude, indicating than other factors in addition to the one hereby studied contribute to explain the variance in SRBD.

Abstract P546: Social Jetlag is Associated With Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Male But Not Female Adolescents

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Higgins ◽  
Lee Stoner ◽  
Alex Lubransky ◽  
Anna Howe ◽  
Jyh Eiin Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Social Jetlag ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been highlighted by the AHA as a vital sign that can significantly improve risk classification for adverse health outcomes across the lifespan. While many lifestyle-related factors are known to influence CRF, including physical activity and sedentary behaviors, few have examined the relationship between sleep characteristics and CRF. Social jetlag (SJL), a characteristic of sleep habits that is particularly prevalent in adolescents, is a mismatch between an individual’s circadian clock and sleep schedule. SJL has been associated with adiposity and increased cardiometabolic risk, independent of sleep duration and quality, but has not been associated with CRF. Objective: To quantify the relationship between SJL and CRF, independent of other sleep characteristics. Methods: CRF, anthropometric, and lifestyle-related data were collected from 276 adolescents in Otago, New Zealand (14-18 years, n=145 [52.5%] female). CRF was expressed as VO 2max (ml/kg/min) relative to body weight, estimated from a 20-meter multi-stage shuttle run. Lifestyle-related factors such as physical activity and the number of screens in the bedroom were quantified via an online lifestyle survey. Sleep variables including average sleep duration, sleep disturbances (trouble falling and staying asleep), and SJL were collected using the validated Sleep Habits Survey for Adolescents. SJL was measured as the difference in hours between the midpoint of sleep during week (school) days and on weekend (free) days. Linear regression assessed the association between each sleep outcome and CRF, controlling for (1) age, sex, school decile, fat mass, and the number of screens in the bedroom, and (2) moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity. Stratified analyses examined sex-specific relationships. Results: Mean (SD) VO 2max was greater in males than females (48.47 [7.12] vs. 43.34 [5.62] ml/kg/min, p<.001). Sleep characteristics included a longer average sleep duration (9.48 [.92] vs. 9.19 [1.12] hours, p=.017), a greater occurrence of sleep disturbances (p=.001), and a lower SJL (1.67 [.08] vs. 2.09 [1.12] hours, p=.003) in females relative to their male peers. Multivariate analyses indicated that a one-hour increase in SJL was associated with a .71 ml/kg/min decrease in VO 2max (95% CI: -1.30, -.11), independent of other sleep variables, which were not associated with CRF. Sex-specific models further indicated an association in males (b=-.93, 95% CI: -1.78, -.08), but an inconclusive association for females (b=-.29, 95% CI: -1.15, .57). Conclusions: SJL is negatively associated with CRF, with a more conclusive association in adolescent males, and may be a simple, measurable target for future public health interventions.

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