scholarly journals Physical Activity and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Native Hawaiians, Japanese Americans, and Caucasians: The Multiethnic Cohort

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 634-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Steinbrecher ◽  
Eva Erber ◽  
Andrew Grandinetti ◽  
Claudio Nigg ◽  
Laurence N. Kolonel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Japanese Americans ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort

Background:Physical inactivity is an established risk factor for diabetes; however, little is known about this association across ethnic groups with different diabetes risk. Therefore, we evaluated the association between physical activity and diabetes and potential effect modification by ethnicity in the Hawaii component of the Multiethnic Cohort.Methods:Participants, aged 45 to 75 years, were enrolled by completing a questionnaire on demographics, diet, and self-reported weekly hours of strenuous sports, vigorous work, and moderate activity. Among the 74,913 participants (39% Caucasian, 14% Native Hawaiian, 47% Japanese American), 8561 incident diabetes cases were identified by self-report, a medication questionnaire, and through health plan linkages. Cox regression was applied to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) while adjusting for known confounders.Results:Engaging in strenuous sports was inversely related to diabetes risk with HRs (4+ hours/week vs. never) of 0.67 (95%CI: 0.57–0.79) in women and 0.80 (95%CI: 0.72–0.88) in men. In stratified analyses, the inverse association was consistent across ethnic groups. The inverse association of vigorous work with diabetes was limited to men, while beneficial effects of moderate activity were observed only in Caucasians.Conclusions:These findings support a role of high-intensity physical activity and ethnic-specific guidelines in diabetes prevention.

scholarly journals Dietary isoflavone intake is not statistically significantly associated with breast cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 976-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Morimoto ◽  
Gertraud Maskarinec ◽  
Song-Yi Park ◽  
Reynolette Ettienne ◽  
Rayna K. Matsuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Japanese Americans ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort ◽  
Wide Range

Given the high intake levels of soya and low incidence rates of breast cancer in Asian countries, isoflavones, substances with an oestrogen-like structure occurring principally in soyabeans, are postulated to be cancer protective. In the present study, we examined the association of dietary isoflavone intake with breast cancer risk in 84 450 women (896 in situ and 3873 invasive cases) who were part of the Multiethnic Cohort (Japanese Americans, whites, Latinos, African Americans and Native Hawaiians) with a wide range of soya intake levels. The absolute levels of dietary isoflavone intake estimated from a baseline FFQ were categorised into quartiles, with the highest quartile being further subdivided to assess high dietary intake. The respective intake values for the quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3, and lower and upper Q4) were 0– < 3·2, 3·2– < 6·7, 6·7– < 12·9, 12·9– < 20·3, and 20·3–178·7 mg/d. After a mean follow-up period of 13 years, hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI were calculated using Cox regression models stratified by age and adjusted for known confounders. Linear trends were tested by modelling continuous variables of interest assigned the median value within the corresponding quartile. No statistically significant association was observed between dietary isoflavone intake and overall breast cancer risk (HR for upper Q4 v. Q1: 0·96 (95 % CI 0·85, 1·08); P trend = 0·40). While the test for interaction was not significant (P= 0·14), stratified analyses suggested possible ethnic/racial differences in risk estimates, indicating that higher isoflavone intakes may be protective in Latina, African American and Japanese American women. These results are in agreement with those of previous meta-analyses showing no protection of isoflavones at low intake levels, but suggesting inverse associations in populations consuming high amounts of soya.

scholarly journals Meat consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: the Multiethnic Cohort

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 568-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Steinbrecher ◽  
E Erber ◽  
A Grandinetti ◽  
LN Kolonel ◽  
G Maskarinec
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
Meat Intake ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Processed Red Meat

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association of meat consumption with diabetes risk in the Hawaii component of the Multiethnic Cohort and to assess effect modification by ethnicity.DesignA prospective cohort study. Baseline information on diet and lifestyle was assessed by questionnaire. The cohort was followed up for incident cases of diabetes, which were identified through self-reports, medication questionnaires, or health plan linkages. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals for diabetes associated with quintile of meat consumption.SettingHawaii, USA.SubjectsA total of 29 759 Caucasian, 35 244 Japanese-American and 10 509 Native Hawaiian men and women, aged 45–75 years at baseline.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up time of 14 years, 8587 incident diabetes cases were identified. Intake of red meat was positively associated with diabetes risk in men (fifth v. first quintile: HR = 1·43; 95 % CI 1·29, 1·59) and women (fifth v. first quintile: HR = 1·30; 95 % CI 1·17, 1·45) in adjusted models. The respective HR for processed red meat intake were 1·57 (95 % CI 1·42, 1·75) and 1·45 (95 % CI 1·30, 1·62). The association for processed poultry was weaker than for processed red meat, and fresh poultry intake was not associated with diabetes risk. For men only, we observed significant interactions of ethnicity with the red and processed red meat associations, with Caucasians experiencing slightly higher risks than Japanese-Americans.ConclusionsOur findings support the growing evidence that red and processed meat intake increase risk for diabetes irrespective of ethnicity and level of BMI.

scholarly journals 196Association of longitudinal lifestyle patterns with diabetes risk among sedentary and not-sedentary workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Kuwahara ◽  
Tohru Nakagawa ◽  
Shuichiro Yamamoto ◽  
Toru Honda ◽  
Takeshi Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Lifestyle Patterns

Abstract Background Evidence from observational studies is limited regarding longitudinal patterns of lifestyles and diabetes onset. In occupational settings, physical activity at work is an important factor to consider when implementing health promotion. Methods This is a cohort study among 25,646 workers without diabetes in Japan. We calculated lifestyle scores using 5 low-risk lifestyle factors: no-smoking, avoiding heavy alcohol use, engaging exercise, avoiding sleep deprivation, and keeping healthy weight, yielding the total score of 0 to 5 each year. We identified lifestyle patterns over 3 years by group-based trajectory modelling. Diabetes was defined by blood glucose, HbA1c, or self-report. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident diabetes were calculated using Cox regression. Results We detected five lifestyle patterns from a whole sample. During a mean follow-up of 6.6 years, 2,223 developed diabetes. Overall, healthier lifestyles were associated with a lower diabetes risk. Among sedentary workers, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.00 (reference) for persistently unhealthy pattern, 0.70 (0.60, 0.80) for persistently moderately healthy pattern, 0.45 (0.38, 0.53) for persistently mostly healthy pattern, 0.38 (0.28, 0.52) for improved to completely healthy pattern, and 0.24 (0.17, 0.32) for persistently completely healthy pattern. Similar results were obtained among not-sedentary workers. Conclusions Healthier lifestyles were associated with a lower risk of developing diabetes among participants who were sedentary at work and those who were not sedentary at work, respectively. Key messages Adherence to healthy lifestyles is important to prevent diabetes for working adults regardless of occupational physical activity level.

scholarly journals Cohort study of serum total cholesterol and in-hospital incidence of infectious diseases

1998 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. IRIBARREN ◽  
D. R. JACOBS ◽  
S. SIDNEY ◽  
A. J. CLAXTON ◽  
K. R. FEINGOLD
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Kaiser Permanente ◽  
Multiethnic Cohort ◽  
Tract Infections

A multiethnic cohort of adult members of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (55300 men and 65271 women) was followed for 15 years (1979–93) to assess the association between total cholesterol and risk of infections (other than respiratory and HIV) diagnosed in the in-patient setting. Using multivariate Cox regression, total cholesterol was inversely and significantly related to urinary tract, venereal, musculo-skeletal, and all infections among men; and to urinary tract, all genito-urinary, septicaemia or bacteraemia, miscellaneous viral site unspecified, and all infections among women. The reduction of risk of all infections associated with a 1 s.d. increase in total cholesterol was 8% in both men (95% CI, 4–12%) and women (95% CI, 5–11%). For urinary tract infections among men, as for septicaemia or bacteraemia and nervous system infections among women, the risk relation was restricted to persons aged 55–89 years. Nervous system infections were positively related to total cholesterol among women aged 25–54. In both genders, the significant inverse association with all infections persisted after excluding the first 5 years of follow-up. Collectively, these data are suggestive of an inverse association, although not entirely consistent, between total cholesterol and incidence of infections either requiring hospitalization or acquired in the hospital. Further research is needed to elucidate whether these associations are biologically plausible or represent uncontrolled confounding by unmeasured risk factors.

scholarly journals Can a simple measure of vigorous physical activity predict future mortality? Results from the OXCHECK study

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvyn Hillsdon ◽  
Margaret Thorogood ◽  
Mike Murphy ◽  
Lesley Jones
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity

AbstractBackground:As epidemiological studies have become more complex, demands for short, easily administered measures of risk factors have increased. This study investigates whether such a measure of physical activity is associated with the risk of death from all causes and death from specific causes.Methods:A prospective follow-up study of 11 090 men and women, aged 35–64 years, recruited from five UK general practices who responded to a postal questionnaire in 1989. Self-reported frequency of vigorous-intensity physical activity and data on confounding factors were collected at baseline survey. Death notifications up to 31 December 2001 were provided by the Office for National Statistics. The relative risk (and 95% confidence interval) of dying associated with each level of exposure to physical activity was estimated by the hazard ratio in a series of Cox regression models.Results:After > 10 years' follow-up there were 825 deaths among the 10 522 subjects with no previous history of angina or myocardial infarction. Participation in vigorous exercise was associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality. Similar associations were found for ischaemic heart disease and cancer mortality, although the relationships were not significant at the 5% level.Conclusions:Simple measures of self-reported vigorous physical activity are associated with the risk of future mortality, at least all-cause mortality in a somewhat selected group. Interpretation of the finding should be treated with caution due to the reliance on self-report and the possibility that residual confounding may underlie the associations. Because moderate-intensity physical activity is also beneficial to health, short physical activity questionnaires should include measures of such physical activity in the future.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Physical Activity Measured by a Consumer Wearable Activity Tracker and That Measured by Self-Report: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Health eHeart Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J Beagle ◽  
Geoffrey H Tison ◽  
Kirstin Aschbacher ◽  
Jeffrey E Olgin ◽  
Gregory M Marcus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Vigorous Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Active Time ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Steps Per Day ◽  
Wearable Activity Trackers ◽  
Sectional Analysis

BACKGROUND Commercially acquired wearable activity trackers such as the Fitbit provide objective, accurate measurements of physically active time and step counts, but it is unclear whether these measurements are more clinically meaningful than self-reported physical activity. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare self-reported physical activity to Fitbit-measured step counts and then determine which is a stronger predictor of BMI by using data collected over the same period reflecting comparable physical activities. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data collected by the Health eHeart Study, a large mobile health study of cardiovascular health and disease. Adults who linked commercially acquired Fitbits used in free-living conditions with the Health eHeart Study and completed an International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) between 2013 and 2019 were enrolled (N=1498). Fitbit step counts were used to quantify time by activity intensity in a manner comparable to the IPAQ classifications of total active time and time spent being sedentary, walking, or doing moderate activities or vigorous activities. Fitbit steps per day were computed as a measure of the overall activity for exploratory comparisons with IPAQ-measured overall activity (metabolic equivalent of task [MET]-h/wk). Measurements of physical activity were directly compared by Spearman rank correlation. Strengths of associations with BMI for Fitbit versus IPAQ measurements were compared using multivariable robust regression in the subset of participants with BMI and covariates measured. RESULTS Correlations between synchronous paired measurements from Fitbits and the IPAQ ranged in strength from weak to moderate (0.09-0.48). In the subset with BMI and covariates measured (n=586), Fitbit-derived predictors were generally stronger predictors of BMI than self-reported predictors. For example, an additional hour of Fitbit-measured vigorous activity per week was associated with nearly a full point reduction in BMI (–0.84 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 95% CI –1.35 to –0.32) in adjusted analyses, whereas the association between self-reported vigorous activity measured by IPAQ and BMI was substantially smaller in magnitude (–0.17 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 95% CI –0.34 to –0.00; <i>P</i>&lt;.001 versus Fitbit) and was dominated by the Fitbit-derived predictor when compared head-to-head in a single adjusted multivariable model. Similar patterns of associations with BMI, with Fitbit dominating self-report, were seen for moderate activity and total active time and in comparisons between overall Fitbit steps per day and IPAQ MET-h/wk on standardized scales. CONCLUSIONS Fitbit-measured physical activity was more strongly associated with BMI than self-reported physical activity, particularly for moderate activity, vigorous activity, and summary measures of total activity. Consumer-marketed wearable activity trackers such as the Fitbit may be useful for measuring health-relevant physical activity in clinical practice and research.

scholarly journals Circulating CD34+ Progenitor Cells are Predictive of All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality and are Influenced by Physical Activity.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Muggeridge ◽  
Jennifer Dodd ◽  
Mark D. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractBackgroundCirculating progenitor cells (CPCs) play an important role in vascular repair and may influence cardiovascular (CV) health and longevity. Exercise is known to modulate these cells via mobilization from the bone marrow. The primary aims of this study were to evaluate the association of CPCs with mortality and explore the association between physical activity (PA) and CPCs.DesignWe studied 1,751 individuals from the Framingham Offspring cohort (66 ± 9 years [40-92 years], 54% female). CPCs (CD34+, CD34+CD133+, CD34+CD133+KDR+) were measured in participants using flow cytometry. Multivariable cox regression analyses were performed to investigate relationship of CPCs with future CV event, CV mortality and all-cause mortality. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between self-reported PA and CPC counts.ResultsFollowing adjustment for standard risk factors, there was an inverse association between CD34+ CPCs and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) per unit increase in CD34+, 0.79; 95% CI 0.64 – 0.98, P=0.036). CD34+CD133+ CPCs were inversely associated with CV mortality (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.44 – 0.91, P=0.013). Associations of CD34+ and CD34+CD133+ with mortality were strongest in participants with pre-existing CVD. PA was associated with CD34+ CPCs only in CVD participants. This relationship was maintained after adjustment for confounding variables.ConclusionsHigher number of CD34+ and CD34+ CD133+ CPCs were inversely associated with all-cause and CV mortality. These associations were strongest in participants already diagnosed with CVD. PA is independently associated with CD34+ CPCs in individuals with CVD only, suggestive of greater benefit for this population group.

scholarly journals Frequent physical activity is associated with reduced risk of severe diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Tikkanen-Dolenc ◽  
◽  
Johan Wadén ◽  
Carol Forsblom ◽  
Valma Harjutsalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Self Report

Abstract Aims The aim of this study was to investigate whether leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is associated with the development of severe diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Methods Prospective observational analysis as part of the Finnish diabetic nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study with a mean follow-up time of 10.7 years was performed. A total of 1612 individuals with type 1 diabetes were recruited, and LTPA was assessed at baseline using a validated self-report questionnaire. Severe diabetic retinopathy was defined as the initiation of laser treatment due to severe nonproliferative, proliferative retinopathy or diabetic maculopathy (identified from the Care Register for Health Care). Results A total of 261 patients received laser treatment during the follow-up. Higher frequency of LTPA was associated with a lower incidence of severe diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.024), a finding that remained significant after adjustment for gender, duration, age at onset of diabetes, kidney function, BMI, triglycerides and systolic blood pressure. However, when HbA1c and smoking were added to the Cox regression model the association was no more significant. Conclusions Frequent LTPA is associated with a lower incidence of severe diabetic retinopathy during the follow-up. The total amount or the other components of LTPA (intensity or duration of a single session) were not associated with severe diabetic retinopathy.

Abstract 046: Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Television Viewing Before Pregnancy and Risk of Gestational Diabetes: A Longitudinal Analysis From the CARDIA Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara M Whitaker ◽  
Katherine H Ingram ◽  
Duke Appiah ◽  
Wanda K Nicholson ◽  
Wendy L Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Baseline Fitness

Introduction: Low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), and excess sedentary behaviors are associated with a greater risk of type 2 diabetes. Less is known about the role of fitness, MVPA, and sedentary behaviors before pregnancy with subsequent development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a strong risk factor for future diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Objective: To assess the associations of pre-pregnancy fitness, MVPA, and time spent watching television (a surrogate for sedentary behavior) with risk of GDM. Methods: Participants were 1,333 women enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study who did not have diabetes at baseline (1985-86) or before post-baseline births. Baseline fitness was estimated using a graded symptom-limited maximal treadmill test and expressed in metabolic equivalent units (METS). Baseline MVPA (exercise units/day) was measured using the CARDIA physical activity history questionnaire, and television viewing (hours/day) was assessed by self-report in 1990-91. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for study center, baseline age, race, parity, education, family history of diabetes, smoking, alcohol, dietary fat, pre-pregnancy body mass index, HOMA-IR, HDL-cholesterol, and time from baseline to delivery. Results: Over 25 years of follow up, 164 women developed GDM. As shown in the Table , the odds of developing GDM were 22% lower for each 1 standard deviation increment in baseline fitness after adjustment (2.3 METS; OR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.95, p=0.013). MVPA and television viewing were not statistically significantly associated with developing GDM. Conclusions: This is one of the first studies to report an inverse association between objectively measured pre-pregnancy fitness and subsequent development of GDM. Improved pre-conception fitness may benefit women at risk for GDM.

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