Abstract P410: Association of Sarcopenia, Low Muscle Mass and Low Muscle Strength With Coronary Artery Calcium Scores

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Szlejf ◽  
Claudia K Suemoto ◽  
Marcio S Bittencourt ◽  
Itamar S Santos ◽  
Paulo A LOTUFO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcium ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Introduction: Low muscle mass and low muscle strength, the defining components of sarcopenia, are associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease and mortality. However, little is known about the association of sarcopenia with markers of subclinical atherosclerosis, such as coronary artery calcium (CAC). We assessed the hypothesis that sarcopenia and its defining components are associated with higher CAC scores in middle-aged and older adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis we included 2700 participants from the São Paulo site of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health second wave, aged ≥ 50 years, who were submitted to CAC assessment, with no previous history of coronary artery disease and stroke, and with complete data on exposure, outcome and covariates. CAC was measured by noncontrast computed tomography scans and the Agatston method was adopted to calculate CAC scores. Muscle mass was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and muscle strength by handgrip strength. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health criteria. The association of sarcopenia and its defining components with CAC score > 0 or > 100 was investigated with logistic regression. We also investigated the association of continuous appendicular lean mass standardized by body mass index and handgrip strength with CAC score > 0 and > 100. Possible confounders included sociodemographic characteristics, clinical conditions, lifestyle and laboratory parameters. Results: Sarcopenia was found in 1% (23 out of 2700) of participants, 23% (609 out of 2700) with low muscle mass and 2% (40 out of 2700) with low muscle strength. CAC > 0 and CAC > 100 were found in 35% (952 out of 2700) and 13% (357 out of 2700) of participants, respectively. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, clinical conditions, lifestyle and laboratory parameters, low muscle mass was associated with CAC > 100 (OR = 1.37, 95%CI 1.03-1.80), but not with CAC > 0 (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.94-1.46). Sarcopenia and low muscle strength were not associated with CAC scores. Additionally, continuous appendicular leans mass standardized by body mass index was associated with lower odds of CAC > 100 (OR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.05-0.50), although it was not associated with CAC > 0. Finally, continuous handgrip strength was not associated with CAC scores. Conclusion: In conclusion, low muscle mass is associated with higher odds of CAC score > 100 in middle-aged and older adults.

Effects of a resistance training community programme in older adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Majid Mufaqam Syed-Abdul ◽  
Chrissa L. McClellan ◽  
Elizabeth J. Parks ◽  
Stephen D. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Resistance Training Programme

Abstract Ageing is associated with reduced muscle mass, strength, flexibility and balance, resulting in a poor quality of life (QOL). Past studies have occurred in highly controlled laboratory settings which provide strong support to determine whether similar gains can be made in community programmes. Twenty participants were enrolled in an eight-week community-based resistance training programme (mean age = 61.3 (standard error (SE) = 0.9) years); Body Mass Index = 32.0 (SE = 1.3) kg/m2). All participants completed surveys to assess outcomes associated with QOL. Given the relationship between muscle function and nerve health, nerve conduction studies (NCS) were also conducted in a separate group of participants (mean age = 64.9 (SE = 2.0) years; Body Mass Index = 32.6 (SE = 1.9) kg/m2). This community-based training programme significantly improved QOL measures in older adults (p < 0.001). Although weight loss was not the primary outcome of the study, participants reduced their body weights (p < 0.001), by primarily reducing fat mass (p = 0.007) while maintaining muscle mass. Significant improvements were observed in muscle strength (2.2%), flexibility and balance (3.2–464.2%, p ⩽ 0.05 for all). Improvements were also observed in plasma glucose (p = 0.05), haemoglobin A1C (p = 0.06) and aldolase enzyme levels (p < 0.001). Scores for surveys on memory and sleep improved (p < 0.05). Improved QOL was associated with increased lean mass (r = −0.714, p = 0.002), decreased fat mass (r = −0.702, p = 0.003) and improved flexibility and balance (r = −0.627, p = 0.008). An eight-week, community-based resistance training programme significantly improved QOL in older adults. Influence on the lipid profile and NCS still needs further investigation.

Prevalence of low muscle mass according to body mass index in older adults

Nutrition ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe E. Graf ◽  
Claude Pichard ◽  
François R. Herrmann ◽  
Cornel C. Sieber ◽  
Dina Zekry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass

scholarly journals Body surface area is a predictor of coronary artery calcium, whereas body mass index is not

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sion K. Roy ◽  
Irfan Zeb ◽  
Jigar Kadakia ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Matthew J. Budoff
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcium

scholarly journals Comparison of methods to identify individuals with obesity at increased risk of functional impairment among a population of home-dwelling older adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Anne Lene Nordengen ◽  
Linn Kristin Lie Øyri ◽  
Stine Marie Ulven ◽  
Truls Raastad ◽  
Kirsten Bjørklund Holven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Obesity is associated with increased muscle mass and muscle strength. Methods taking into account the total body mass to reveal obese older individuals at increased risk of functional impairment are needed. Therefore, we aimed to detect methods to identify obese older adults at increased risk of functional impairment. Home-dwelling older adults (n 417, ≥ 70 years of age) were included in this cross-sectional study. Sex-specific cut-off points for two obesity phenotypes (waist circumference (WC) and body fat mass (FM %)) were used to divide women and men into obese and non-obese groups, and within-sex comparisons were performed. Obese women and men, classified by both phenotypes, had similar absolute handgrip strength (HGS) but lower relative HGS (HGS/total body mass) (P < 0·001) than non-obese women and men, respectively. Women with increased WC and FM %, and men with increased WC had higher appendicular skeletal muscle mass (P < 0·001), lower muscle quality (HGS/upper appendicular muscle mass) (P < 0·001), and spent longer time on the stair climb test and the repeated sit-to-stand test (P < 0·05) than non-obese women and men, respectively. Absolute muscle strength was not able to discriminate between obese and non-obese older adults. However, relative muscle strength in particular, but also muscle quality and physical performance tests, where the total body mass was taken into account or served as an extra load, identified obese older adults at increased risk of functional impairment. Prospective studies are needed to determine clinically relevant cut-off points for relative HGS in particular.

Indicators of Sarcopenia: Sex Differences in Competitive Runners Prior to Peak Muscle Mass

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (14) ◽  
pp. 1067-1076
Author(s):  
Todd C. Shoepe ◽  
William P. McCormack ◽  
Joseph W. LaBrie ◽  
Grant T. Mello ◽  
Hawley C. Almstedt
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Low Body Mass Index ◽  
One Year ◽  
Diagnostic Indicator

AbstractStrength, muscle mass, and muscle quality have been observed to be compromised in low body-mass index individuals such as competitive runners, increasing their risk for sarcopenia. The purpose was to compare indices of sarcopenia in young runners to age, height, body-mass, and body-mass index-matched non-runners. Handgrip strength and arm composition from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (baseline-T1, T2=5.3±1.4, T3=11.5±0.7 months later) were assessed in 40 non-runners and 40 runners (19.3±0.7 vs. 19.2±1.1 years, 170.7±10.3 vs. 171.1±9.1 cm, 60.2±7.4 vs. 60.2±7.9 kg, 20.6±0.9 vs. 20.5±1.5 kg m-2). The unitless variable of muscle quality, was defined as the sum of right and left maximal handgrip (in kg) divided by the sum of bone-free lean mass of both arms (in kg). Female runners displayed the highest muscle quality (T1=15.3±1.7; T3=15.7±2.0) compared to male runners (T1=13.7±1.4, p < 0.001; T3=14.2±1.6, p < 0.001) and male non-runners (T1=12.4±1.8, p=0.001; T3=13.2±1.6, p < 0.001), while female non-runners (T1=14.6±2.5, p=0.154; T3=15.1 ±2.2, p=0.124) showed higher muscle quality than male non-runners. Higher muscle quality in low-body-mass index females persists over one-year during young-adulthood and while running contributes to whole-body muscle mass accrual, it does not appear to be significantly associated with improvements in the most commonly used upper-body diagnostic indicator of sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Association of Body Mass Index With Coronary Artery Calcium and Subsequent Cardiovascular Mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Jensen ◽  
Zeina A. Dardari ◽  
Michael J. Blaha ◽  
Susan White ◽  
Leslee J. Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcium ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Social Security Death Index ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Background: Obesity is associated with higher risk for coronary artery calcium (CAC), but the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and mortality is complex and frequently paradoxical. Methods: We analyzed BMI, CAC, and subsequent mortality using data from the CAC Consortium, a multi-centered cohort of individuals free of established cardiovascular disease (CVD) who underwent CAC testing. Mortality was assessed through linkage to the Social Security Death Index and cause of death from the National Death Index. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios for the association of clinically relevant BMI categories and prevalent CAC. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to determine hazard ratios for coronary heart disease, CVD, and all-cause mortality according to categories of BMI and CAC. Results: Our sample included 36 509 individuals, mean age 54.1 (10.3) years, 34.4% female, median BMI 26.6 (interquartile range, 24.1–30.1), 46.6% had zero CAC, and 10.5% had CAC ≥400. Compared with individuals with normal BMI, the multivariable adjusted odds of CAC >0 were increased in those overweight (odds ratio, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.1–1.2]) and obese (odds ratio, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.4–1.6]). Over a median follow-up of 11.4 years, there were 1550 deaths (4.3%). Compared with normal BMI, obese individuals had a higher risk of coronary heart disease, CVD, and all-cause mortality while overweight individuals, despite a higher odds of CAC, showed no significant increase in mortality. In a sex-stratified analysis, the increase in coronary heart disease, CVD, and all-cause mortality in obese individuals appeared largely limited to men, and there was a lower risk of all-cause mortality in overweight women (hazard ratio, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.63–0.98]). Conclusions: In a large sample undergoing CAC scoring, obesity was associated with a higher risk of CAC and subsequent coronary heart disease, CVD, and all-cause mortality. However, overweight individuals did not have a higher risk of mortality despite a higher risk for CAC.

Usefulness of the Framingham risk score and body mass index to predict early coronary artery calcium in young adults (Muscatine Study)

2001 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry T Mahoney ◽  
Trudy L Burns ◽  
William Stanford ◽  
Brad H Thompson ◽  
John D Witt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcium ◽  
Framingham Risk Score ◽  
Framingham Risk
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