Radiomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengpeng Xu ◽  
Yi Xue ◽  
U. Joseph Schoepf ◽  
Akos Varga-Szemes ◽  
Joseph Griffith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Ct ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Cardiac Computed Tomography ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Disease Phenotypes ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Line Imaging

Radiomics uses advanced image analysis to extract massive amounts of quantitative information from digital images, which is not otherwise distinguishable to the human eye. The mined data can be used to explore and establish new and undiscovered correlations between these imaging features and clinical end points. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) is a first-line imaging modality for evaluating coronary artery disease and has a primary role in the assessment of cardiac structures. Conventional interpretation of cardiac CT images relies mostly on subjective and qualitative analysis, as well as basic geometric quantification. To date, some proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated the feasibility and diagnostic performance of cardiac CT radiomics analysis. This review describes the current literature on radiomics in cardiac CT and discusses its advantages, challenges, and future directions. Although much evidences are needed in this field, cardiac CT radiomics has a lot to offer to patients and physicians with potential to define cardiac disease phenotypes on imaging with higher precision.

scholarly journals Cardiac Computed Tomography Radiomics for the Non-Invasive Assessment of Coronary Inflammation

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Kevin Cheng ◽  
Andrew Lin ◽  
Jeremy Yuvaraj ◽  
Stephen J. Nicholls ◽  
Dennis T.L. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Computed Tomography ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Decision Making ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology

Radiomics, via the extraction of quantitative information from conventional radiologic images, can identify imperceptible imaging biomarkers that can advance the characterization of coronary plaques and the surrounding adipose tissue. Such an approach can unravel the underlying pathophysiology of atherosclerosis which has the potential to aid diagnostic, prognostic and, therapeutic decision making. Several studies have demonstrated that radiomic analysis can characterize coronary atherosclerotic plaques with a level of accuracy comparable, if not superior, to current conventional qualitative and quantitative image analysis. While there are many milestones still to be reached before radiomics can be integrated into current clinical practice, such techniques hold great promise for improving the imaging phenotyping of coronary artery disease.

Mitral annular calcification and valvular dysfunction: multimodality imaging evaluation, grading, and management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Xu ◽  
Duygu Kocyigit ◽  
Tom Kai Ming Wang ◽  
Carmela D Tan ◽  
E Rene Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Cardiac Computed Tomography ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Mitral Annular Calcification ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Line Imaging ◽  
Annular Calcification

Abstract Mitral annular calcification (MAC) refers to calcium deposition in the fibrous skeleton of the mitral valve. It has many cardiovascular associations, including mitral valve dysfunction, elevated cardiovascular risk, arrhythmias, and endocarditis. Echocardiography conventionally is the first-line imaging modality for anatomic assessment, and evaluation of mitral valve function. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) has demonstrated importance as an imaging modality for the evaluation and planning of related procedures. It also holds promise in quantitative grading of MAC. Currently, there is no universally accepted definition or classification system of MAC severity. We review the multimodality imaging evaluation of MAC and associated valvular dysfunction and propose a novel classification system based on qualitative and quantitative measurements derived from echocardiography and cardiac CT.

scholarly journals Cardiac Computed Tomography – More Than Coronary Arteries? A Clinical Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (09) ◽  
pp. 817-826
Author(s):  
Jana Taron ◽  
Borek Foldyna ◽  
Parastou Eslami ◽  
Udo Hoffmann ◽  
Konstantin Nikolaou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cardiac Ct ◽  
Cardiac Computed Tomography ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Fractional Flow ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Coronary Ct ◽  
Flow Reserve ◽  
Artery Disease

Background Rapid improvement of scanner and postprocessing technology as well as the introduction of minimally invasive procedures requiring preoperative imaging have led to the broad utilization of cardiac computed tomography (CT) beyond coronary CT angiography (CTA). Method This review article presents an overview of recent literature on cardiac CT. The goal is to summarize the current guidelines on performing cardiac CT and to list established as well as emerging techniques with a special focus on extracoronary applications. Results and Conclusion Most recent guidelines for the appropriate use of cardiac CT include the evaluation of coronary artery disease, cardiac morphology, intra- and extracardiac structures, and functional and structural assessment of the myocardium under certain conditions. Besides coronary CTA, novel applications such as the calculation of a CT-derived fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR), assessment of myocardial function and perfusion imaging, as well as pre-interventional planning in valvular heart disease or prior pulmonary vein ablation in atrial fibrillation are becoming increasingly important. Especially these extracoronary applications are of growing interest in the field of cardiac CT and are expected to be gradually implemented in the daily clinical routine. Key Points:  Citation Format

Pulmonary hypertension and the right ventricle

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 485-490
Author(s):  
Petros Nihoyannopoulos ◽  
Julia Grapsa
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Ventricular Size ◽  
Right Ventricular Size ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Line Imaging ◽  
Dimensional Echocardiography

Due to its widespread availability, echocardiography is used as the first-line imaging modality for the assessment of right ventricular size, function, and pressures. Two-dimensional echocardiography can easily obtain valuable quantitative information about right ventricular size and function. Measurements such as the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, right ventricular myocardial performance index, fractional area change, tissue Doppler-derived tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity, global longitudinal strain and strain rate, and eccentricity index are the recommended parameters to be used for the routine evaluation of right ventricular function. Three-dimensional echocardiography and three-dimensional strain have now entered the clinical arena for a more precise right ventricular assessment. Echocardiography is also important to establish the causes of secondary pulmonary hypertension (group 2) by evaluating the various left heart conditions leading to the rise of right ventricular systolic pressures. Finally, echocardiography is probably the most accurate non-invasive imaging modality for the assessment of right ventricular pressure and is therefore an ideal tool for the evaluation and screening of pulmonary hypertension.

scholarly journals Histologic Sequelae of Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Dystrophic Calcification

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117954681771093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahryar G Saba ◽  
John N Makaryus ◽  
Navid Rahmani ◽  
Ram Jadonath
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Cardiac Computed Tomography ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Dystrophic Calcification ◽  
Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Coronary Ct ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque Rupture

We present cardiac computed tomography (CT) findings demonstrating apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with dystrophic calcification of the left ventricular apex. The absence of significant epicardial coronary artery disease demonstrated by coronary CT angiography suggests that increased wall tension and decreased microvascular perfusion over time account for the dyskinetic apical myocardium, rather than myocardial infarction secondary to atherosclerotic plaque rupture. These observations support CT as the imaging modality of choice to visualize the deposition of calcium in injured myocardial tissue, a recognized occurrence in chronically infarcted myocardium.

Imaging of acute pelvic pain

2021 ◽  
pp. 20210281
Author(s):  
Marijana Basta Nikolic ◽  
Aleksandar Spasic ◽  
Darka Hadnadjev Simonji ◽  
Sanja Stojanović ◽  
Olivera Nikolic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Acute Pelvic Pain ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Line Imaging

Acute pelvic pain (APP) requires urgent medical evaluation and treatment. Differential diagnosis of APP is broad, including a variety of gynecologic and non-gynecologic/ urinary, gastrointestinal, vascular and other entities. Close anatomical and physiological relations of pelvic structures, together with similar clinical presentation of different disorders and overlapping of symptoms, especially in the emergency background, make the proper diagnosis of APP challenging. Imaging plays a crucial role in the fast and precise diagnosis of APP. Ultrasonography is the first-line imaging modality, often accompanied by CT, while MRI is utilized in specific cases, using short, tailored protocols. Recognizing the cause of APP in females is a challenging task, due to the wide spectrum of possible origin and overlap of their imaging features. Therefore, the radiologist has to be familiar with the possible causes of APP, and, relying on clinical presentation, together with laboratory findings, choose the best imaging strategy in order to establish a fast and accurate diagnosis.

scholarly journals An annotated T2-weighted magnetic resonance image collection of testicular germ and non-germ cell tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Feliciani ◽  
Lorenzo Mellini ◽  
Emiliano Loi ◽  
Filippo Piccinini ◽  
Roberto Galeotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Rare Tumor ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractTesticular cancer is a rare tumor with a worldwide incidence that has increased over the last few decades. The majority of these tumors are testicular non-germ (TNGCTs) and germ cell tumors (TGCTs); the latter divided into two broad classes - seminomatous (SGCTs) and non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs). Although ultrasonography (US) maintains a primary role in the diagnostic workup of scrotal pathology, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as the imaging modality recommended for challenging cases, providing additional information to clarify inconclusive/equivocal US. In this work we describe and publicly share a collection of 44 images of annotated T2-weighted MRI lesions from 42 patients. Given that testicular cancer is a rare tumor, we are confident that this collection can be used to validate statistical models and to further investigate TNGCT and TGCT peculiarities using medical imaging features.

scholarly journals Placental adhesion disorder: magnetic resonance imaging features and a proposal for a structured report

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
Thais Coura Figueiredo Agostini ◽  
Reginaldo Figueiredo ◽  
Gisele Warmbrand ◽  
Ulysses Santos Torres ◽  
Hanna Rafaela Ferreira Dalla Pria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Placenta Accreta ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Uterine Wall ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
Line Imaging

Abstract Placental adhesion disorder encompasses the various types of abnormal placentation that occur when the chorionic villi penetrate the uterine wall. Placenta accreta has become more common, mainly because of the increasing rates of cesarean section. Although ultrasound is the first-line imaging modality for evaluation of the placenta, it plays a limited role in cases of posterior placenta accreta and inconclusive findings. In such cases, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is indicated, mainly because it is a more accurate means of identifying placental invasion of extrauterine structures in high-risk pregnant women. In this review article, we present the ten major and minor MRI features of placental adhesion disorder, as described in the international literature. In addition, we propose a template for structured reports of MRI examinations of the placenta. We have also devised a guided questionnaire in order to identify risk factors in patients scheduled to undergo such examinations, with the objective of facilitating the multidisciplinary treatment planning needed in order to minimize maternal morbidity and mortality.

P4451Screening for Coronary Artery Disease USing Primary Evaluation with Cardiac CT (SUSPECT) in Aviation Medicine in the Royal Netherlands Air Force

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R B Grobben ◽  
E Frijters ◽  
B K Velthuis ◽  
R T A Beekmann ◽  
R Rienks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Cardiac Ct ◽  
Cardiac Computed Tomography ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Background Military aircrew are subjected to both stress and excessive G-forces, which may be associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and sudden cardiac death. Annual cardiac screening has therefore been implicated using exercise testing, which suffers from both false-positive and false-negative results. In this study, we have evaluated the prevalence of CAD in military aircrew using cardiac computed tomography (CT), and assessed whether cardiac CT would be a useful screening tool within this population. Methods Prospective, single-center, cohort study in 250 asymptomatic aircrew >40 years old in the Royal Netherlands Air Force. Included subjects underwent cardiac CT, in addition to the routine annual check-up that included an electrocardiogram, exercise test and laboratory analysis. Primary endpoint was obstructive CAD, defined as a coronary stenosis ≥50%. Secondary endpoints were non-obstructive CAD (<50% stenosis) and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) >100. Results Of the first 108 inclusions, mean age was 49 years (range 40–57), 99% were male and mean body mass index was 25.8 (SD 2.6). The prevalence of hypertension was 8%, hypercholesterolemia 9% and familial heart disease was noted in 22%. 16% were active smokers and none had diabetes. Obstructive CAD was observed in 2% of patients, non-obstructive CAD in 40% and CACS >100 in 11%. All subjects with obstructive CAD on cardiac CT underwent coronary artery angiography, which confirmed a stenosis >70% that required revascularization. Conclusion In asymptomatic military aviation aircrew >40 years old currently active in the Royal Netherlands Air Force, the prevalence of obstructive and non-obstructive CAD was 2% and 40%, respectively Acknowledgement/Funding Royal Netherlands Air Force

Myxofibrosarcoma: clinical and prognostic value of MRI features

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Spinnato ◽  
Andrea Sambri ◽  
Tomohiro Fujiwara ◽  
Luca Ceccarelli ◽  
Roberta Clinca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Local Recurrence ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Mri Features

: Myxofibrosarcoma is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas in the elderly. It is characterized by an extremely high rate of local recurrence, higher than other soft tissue tumors, and a relatively low risk of distant metastases.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice for the assessment of myxofibrosarcoma and plays a key role in the preoperative setting of these patients.MRI features associated with high risk of local recurrence are: high myxoid matrix content (water-like appearance of the lesions), high grade of contrast enhancement, presence of an infiltrative pattern (“tail sign”). On the other hand, MRI features associated with worse sarcoma specific survival are: large size of the lesion, deep location, high grade of contrast enhancement. Recognizing the above-mentioned imaging features of myxofibrosarcoma may be helpful to stratify the risk for local recurrence and disease-specific survival. Moreover, the surgical planning should be adjusted according to the MRI features

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