scholarly journals Cardiac Computed Tomography Radiomics for the Non-Invasive Assessment of Coronary Inflammation

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Kevin Cheng ◽  
Andrew Lin ◽  
Jeremy Yuvaraj ◽  
Stephen J. Nicholls ◽  
Dennis T.L. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Computed Tomography ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Decision Making ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology

Radiomics, via the extraction of quantitative information from conventional radiologic images, can identify imperceptible imaging biomarkers that can advance the characterization of coronary plaques and the surrounding adipose tissue. Such an approach can unravel the underlying pathophysiology of atherosclerosis which has the potential to aid diagnostic, prognostic and, therapeutic decision making. Several studies have demonstrated that radiomic analysis can characterize coronary atherosclerotic plaques with a level of accuracy comparable, if not superior, to current conventional qualitative and quantitative image analysis. While there are many milestones still to be reached before radiomics can be integrated into current clinical practice, such techniques hold great promise for improving the imaging phenotyping of coronary artery disease.

PET-CT and detection of coronary artery disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 421-434
Author(s):  
Marcelo F. Di Carli
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Atherosclerotic Burden ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Artery Disease

Myocardial perfusion PET/CT imaging has emerged as a powerful and comprehensive non-invasive approach for the management of patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease (CAD). The multiparametric PET/CT approach provides quantitative information about the extent and severity of focal and diffuse CAD, coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), atherosclerotic burden, and left ventricular function. Contemporary evidence demonstrates that this comprehensive approach is one of the most accurate non-invasive tools for diagnosis, risk prediction, and guiding management in patients with CAD. This chapter summarizes the versatility of the integrated PET/CT scan to provide detailed quantitative information tailored to the patient and clinical question. I then review patient-centred clinical applications using case vignettes to illustrate indications of PET/CT and how to present the findings into clinically actionable information for the practising cardiologist. In each case, I review the available data highlighting the diagnostic and prognostic value of the integrated PET/CT protocol.

Beyond Death: Forensic Investigations of pre-Columbian Mummies from the Tarapacá Valley, Chile, Using Variable Pressure SEM and Raman Spectroscopy

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Prikhodko ◽  
C. Fischer ◽  
R. Boytner ◽  
M. C. Lozada ◽  
M. Uribe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Mortuary Practices ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Non Destructive

Variable pressure scanning electron microscopy (VPSEM) coupled with other non-destructive analytical methods, such as energy dispersive (EDS) and Raman spectroscopy (RS) offers new capabilities for non-invasive imaging and chemical characterization of archaeological materials. This article underlines the application of VPSEM-EDS-RS on bioarchaeological specimens of pre-Columbian mummies from the Tarapacá Valley in northern Chile. The aim of the scientific investigations is to identify nonanatomical features and to provide qualitative and quantitative information at molecular levels, complementing the morphological record from studies in physical anthropology, in an effort to understand mortuary practices in the Tarapacá Valley and the effects of the burial environment in the preservation of mummified human remains.

scholarly journals Imaging of microglial activation in MS using PET: Research use and potential future clinical application

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Airas ◽  
Eero Rissanen ◽  
Juha Rinne
Keyword(s):  
Complex Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease, where several processes can be selected as a target for positron emission topography (PET) imaging. Unlike magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), PET provides specific and quantitative information, and unlike neuropathology, it can be non-invasively applied to living patients, which enables longitudinal follow-up of the MS pathology. In the study of MS, PET can be useful for in vivo evaluation of specific pathological characteristics at various stages of the disease. Increased understanding of the progressive MS pathology will enhance the treatment options of this undertreated condition. The ultimate goal of developing and expanding PET in the study of MS is to have clinical non-invasive in vivo imaging biomarkers of neuroinflammation that will help to establish prognosis and accurately measure response to therapeutics. This topical review provides an overview of the promises and challenges of the use of PET in MS.

scholarly journals Aortic coarctation in adults: the role of multimodality cardiac imaging. Series of case reports and review of literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Carmen Beladan ◽  
Maria Magdalena Gurzun ◽  
Mihai Teodor Bica ◽  
Dan Deleanu ◽  
Pavel Platon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Cardiac Computed Tomography ◽  
Coarctation Of The Aorta ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Artery Disease

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a relatively frequent congenital defect. Its natural evolution is marked by serious complications including aortic dissection, heart failure, coronary artery disease, infective endocarditis, or cerebral haemorrhages. Correction of CoA before complications arise is associated with a favourable long-term outcome. Timely diagnosis of CoA is therefore of utmost importance in the prognosis of these patients. Non-invasive imaging techniques, ranging from chest radiography to echocardiography, Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT), and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) have evolved to the extent where they can not only suggest but also precisely characterize the lesion and guide further management. We present a series of 3 case reports, highlighting the diagnostic approach and treatment for this pathology.

scholarly journals Inflammation mediates lung cancer-induced increase in the epidermal green autofluorescence of mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingchao Zhang ◽  
Wanzhi Tang ◽  
Weihai Ying
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Anti Inflammation ◽  
Diagnosis Of Diseases

AbstractSkin’s autofluorescence (AF) holds great promise for non-invasive diagnosis of diseases. Our previous study has indicated that keratin-based skin’s AF holds great promise to become a novel biomarker for diagnosis of multiple major diseases, including lung cancer, acute ischemic stroke, Parkinson’s diseases, stable coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. It is critical to investigate the mechanisms underlying the increased skin’s AF of the patients. Our previous study has shown that development of lung cancer can induce increased skin’s green AF of mice, while the mechanisms underlying the increased AF have remained unclear. We hypothesized that the inflammation in the mice with lung cancer is causative to the increased AF. Our study found that the anti-inflammation drug indomethacin virtually abolished the lung cancer-induced increase in the skin’s green AF. We further found that the AF was originated from the epidermis of the mice. Our findings have provided critical information for understanding the mechanisms underlying the lung cancer-induced increase in the epidermal green AF, indicating that at least for lung cancer, the disease-induced increase in the skin’s AF mainly results from increased inflammation in the body.

Abstract 4210: Evaluation of Coronary Stenoses and their Functional Significance in Patients with Known and Suspected Coronary Artery Disease using MRI and CTA

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Van Werkhoven ◽  
Joanne Schuijf ◽  
J Wouter Jukema ◽  
Joop Schreur ◽  
Mark Heijenbrok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspected Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Coronary Stenoses ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Mri Study ◽  
Optimal Treatment Strategy

Objectives: Non-invasive computed tomography coronary angiography (CTA) is an accurate anatomic imaging technique, but cannot assess the hemodynamic severity of the detected atherosclerotic lesions. In patients with abnormal CTA, optimal treatment strategy may therefore remain uncertain. The purpose of the current study was to compare anatomic observations with CTA to functional assessment with MRI in patients with known and suspected CAD. Methods: In this prospective study, 55 patients (62% male, average age 57±9 years, pre-test likelihood low to intermediate 62%) underwent 64-slice CTA and 1.5 Tesla MRI within 40 days. The presence of CAD (normal <30% stenosis, non-significant 30%–50% stenosis, and significant >50% stenosis) was determined on CTA and first pass perfusion during adenosine stress was assessed on MRI. Results: CTA was normal in 15 (27%), non-significant in 24 (44%) and significant in 16 (29%) patients. MRI revealed a perfusion defect in 21 (38%) patients, and was normal in 34 (62%). Table 1 shows the CTA results for patients with normal and abnormal perfusion on MRI. CTA was abnormal in almost all patients with an abnormal perfusion. However, a normal perfusion MRI study was associated with abnormal CTA in a large proportion of patients, as non-significant and significant CAD was noted in 15 (44%) and 5 (15%) patients respectively. Conclusion: Although abnormal perfusion on MRI correlated well with abnormal CTA, underlying CAD is present in the majority of patients with a normal MRI perfusion study. The combination of both techniques may allow more refined characterization of CAD. Table 1

Choice of imaging techniques

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 645-658
Author(s):  
Jeroen J. Bax ◽  
Alexander R. van Rosendael ◽  
Laurens F. Tops ◽  
Nina Ajmone Marsan ◽  
Victoria Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Potential Disadvantage ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Stable Chest Pain ◽  
Therapeutic Decision Making

Cardiovascular non-invasive imaging has become an important component in the diagnosis and guidance of therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease. Currently, the four main non-invasive imaging techniques are echocardiography, nuclear imaging with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET), cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Over recent years, each of these modalities has witnessed rapid technological developments. All of the techniques can presently provide integrated cardiac anatomical and functional information, whereas in the past, the techniques could mostly only provide information on just one of these parameters. This has resulted in an increased implementation of cardiovascular imaging in clinical patient management. Consequently, improved diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making has become possible. However, clinicians have become confused about which imaging techniques to use and when, with the potential disadvantage of ‘over-using’ the imaging techniques. When selecting imaging techniques for a particular patient, various issues need to be considered: the cardiovascular disease, the information on that disease that is needed for the clinical management of the patient, and the characteristics of the patient. Frequently, different techniques can provide the required information; it is therefore also important to consider the local availability, expertise, and experience with the imaging techniques. In this chapter, three specific disease states (the patient with stable chest pain with suspected coronary artery disease, the patient with atrial fibrillation, and the patient with chronic heart failure) will be used as examples to illustrate these issues.

Radiomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengpeng Xu ◽  
Yi Xue ◽  
U. Joseph Schoepf ◽  
Akos Varga-Szemes ◽  
Joseph Griffith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Ct ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Cardiac Computed Tomography ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Disease Phenotypes ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Line Imaging

Radiomics uses advanced image analysis to extract massive amounts of quantitative information from digital images, which is not otherwise distinguishable to the human eye. The mined data can be used to explore and establish new and undiscovered correlations between these imaging features and clinical end points. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) is a first-line imaging modality for evaluating coronary artery disease and has a primary role in the assessment of cardiac structures. Conventional interpretation of cardiac CT images relies mostly on subjective and qualitative analysis, as well as basic geometric quantification. To date, some proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated the feasibility and diagnostic performance of cardiac CT radiomics analysis. This review describes the current literature on radiomics in cardiac CT and discusses its advantages, challenges, and future directions. Although much evidences are needed in this field, cardiac CT radiomics has a lot to offer to patients and physicians with potential to define cardiac disease phenotypes on imaging with higher precision.

Characterization of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells and quantum wires by chemical lattice imaging

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 736-737
Author(s):  
A. Carlsson ◽  
J.-O. Malm ◽  
A. Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Well ◽  
Quantum Wells ◽  
Quantum Wires ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Lattice Imaging ◽  
Vapour Phase Epitaxy ◽  
Metalorganic Vapour Phase Epitaxy ◽  
High Resolution Images

In this study a quantum well/quantum wire (QW/QWR) structure grown on a grating of V-grooves has been characterized by a technique related to chemical lattice imaging. This technique makes it possible to extract quantitative information from high resolution images.The QW/QWR structure was grown on a GaAs substrate patterned with a grating of V-grooves. The growth rate was approximately three monolayers per second without growth interruption at the interfaces. On this substrate a barrier of nominally Al0.35 Ga0.65 As was deposited to a thickness of approximately 300 nm using metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy . On top of the Al0.35Ga0.65As barrier a 3.5 nm GaAs quantum well was deposited and to conclude the structure an additional approximate 300 nm Al0.35Ga0.65 As was deposited. The GaAs QW deposited in this manner turns out to be significantly thicker at the bottom of the grooves giving a QWR running along the grooves. During the growth of the barriers an approximately 30 nm wide Ga-rich region is formed at the bottom of the grooves giving a Ga-rich stripe extending from the bottom of each groove to the surface.

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