scholarly journals Dietary Pattern and Long-Term Effects of Particulate Matter on Blood Pressure: A Large Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Adults

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Xu ◽  
Bing Guo ◽  
Wen Qian ◽  
Zhuoga Ciren ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Dash Diet

Previous experimental studies have identified specific foods or nutrients are capable of mitigating adverse effects induced by air pollution. However, whether the dietary pattern can modify the associations between long-term particulate matter (PM) and increasing blood pressure (BP) among adults has not yet been assessed. We assessed whether the dietary pattern and various foods modify the associations between long-term exposure to PM (PM 1 , PM 2.5 , and PM 10 ), hypertensive BP (BP≥140/90 mm Hg, HBP), and BP in Chinese adults. This study included 61 081 participants from China Multi-Ethnic Cohort. PM was assessed through satellite-based random forest approaches. Outcomes were analyzed with logistic regression models and linear regression models. The dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet was calculated for each participant. This study founds long-term exposure to PM was associated with HBP, systolic BP, and pulse pressure. The DASH diet modified the associations between PM, HBP, and some BP components. For each 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 1 , PM 2.5 , and PM 10 , the participants with the lowest quintile of DASH score had HBP risks with odds ratios (95% CI) of 1.196 (1.084–1.319), 1.145 (1.09–1.202), and 1.080 (1.045–1.117), whereas those with the highest quintile of DASH score had lower HBP risks with odds ratios (95% CI) of 1.063 (0.953–1.185), 1.074 (1.017–1.133), and 1.038 (1.000–1.077). Consuming more fresh fruits, vegetables, dairy, and whole grains would reduce the risk of raised BP caused by PM. In conclusion, the DASH diet rich in antioxidant compounds may be a wide-reaching intervention to reduce the deleterious impact of PM.

scholarly journals Understanding sex differences in long-term blood pressure regulation: insights from experimental studies and computational modeling

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (5) ◽  
pp. H1113-H1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameed Ahmed ◽  
Rui Hu ◽  
Jessica Leete ◽  
Anita T. Layton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Blood Pressure Regulation ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Key Players

Sex differences in blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension are found in humans and animal models. Moreover, there has been a recent explosion of data concerning sex differences in nitric oxide, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, inflammation, and kidney function. These data have the potential to reveal the mechanisms underlying male-female differences in blood pressure control. To elucidate the interactions among the multitude of physiological processes involved, one may apply computational models. In this review, we describe published computational models that represent key players in blood pressure regulation, and highlight sex-specific models and their findings.

scholarly journals Web of Causation between Dietary Patterns and Childhood Obesity: Applying Hill's Criteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-438
Author(s):  
Costela Lăcrimioara Șerban ◽  
Denis Mihai Șerban ◽  
Ștefania Ioana Butica ◽  
Diana Lungeanu
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Bradford Hill ◽  
Bradford Hill Criteria ◽  
Hill Criteria

Abstract Since their publication in 1965, the Bradford Hill criteria for causality have been largely used as a framework for causal inference in epidemiology. We aim at employing this classical approach to shed new light onto the web of causation of childhood obesity. Although the fundamental cause of obesity is the long-term imbalance between energetic need and intake, this medical condition is multifactorial in its origin, influenced by genetic, behavioral, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. This imbalance leads to accumulation of excessive adipose tissue. Observational studies tend to mostly quantify association between dietary factors and accumulation of adipose tissue. On the other hand, multivariate analysis proved some of these associations to be spurious, therefore prospective trials are needed to demonstrate causality. Short term experimental studies have been conducted to identify unique dietary pattern changes on specific outcomes, but long term, community-based studies would offer more comprehensive answers on dietary pattern effects. We conducted a literature review on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. From a total of 323 papers identified at first stage, we further discuss the applicability of Bradford Hill criteria for 31 articles, by examples of dietary patterns and accumulation of excess body fat as exposure-response associations. We also put forward and analyzed the evidence prospective studies would bring, as foundation for future interventions.

scholarly journals DASH Diet and Blood Pressure Among Black Americans With and Without CKD: The Jackson Heart Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 975-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crystal C Tyson ◽  
Clemontina A Davenport ◽  
Pao-Hwa Lin ◽  
Julia J Scialla ◽  
Rasheeda Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Dash Diet ◽  
Heart Study

Abstract BACKGROUND The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet lowers blood pressure (BP) more effectively in blacks compared to other US racial subgroups. Considering chronic kidney disease (CKD) raises BP through complex mechanisms, DASH may affect BP differently among blacks with and without CKD. We compared the association of DASH accordance to BP and prevalent hypertension among blacks with and without CKD. METHODS Our study involved 3,135 black Americans enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study (2000–2004) with diet and office BP data. Using linear models adjusted for demographics, health behaviors, and clinical factors, we determined the association of a modified DASH score (excluding sodium intake, ranging from 0 to 8 with increasing DASH accordance) with BP. We performed tests for interaction between DASH score and CKD status. RESULTS Among participants (mean age: 55 years; hypertension: 60%; CKD: 19%), the median DASH score was similar among participants with and without CKD (1.0 [interquartile range (IQR): 0.5–2] and 1.0 [IQR: 0.5–1.5]). CKD status modified the association of the DASH score with systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP; P interactions were 0.06 and <0.01). Among participants without CKD, SBP and DBP were not associated with the DASH score (−0.4 [95% confidence interval: −1.0, 0.1] mm Hg and −0.1 [−0.4, 0.2] mm Hg per one unit higher DASH score). Among participants with CKD, one unit higher DASH score was associated with lower SBP by 1.6 (0.5, 2.6) mm Hg and lower DBP by 0.9 (0.3, 1.5) mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS Despite low DASH scores overall, better DASH accordance was associated with lower BP among Black Americans with CKD.

Abstract 115: Blood Pressure Trajectories In The Acute Phase And Major Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With Ischemic Stroke

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changwei Li ◽  
Yonghong Zhang ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Tan Xu ◽  
Dali Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Latent Class Models ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Short And Long Term

We studied the relationship of blood pressure (BP) trajectories during the first seven days after symptom onset with short- and long-term major clinical outcomes among patients with acute ischemic stroke. A total of 4,036 patients with acute ischemic stroke and elevated systolic BP from the CATIS trial were included in this analysis. Three BPs were measured every 2 hours for the first 24 hours, every 4 hours during the second and third days, and every 8 hours thereafter for the remainder of the seven days. Latent class models were used to identify subgroups that share a similar underlying trajectory in BP in the acute phase. Five systolic BP trajectories of high, high-to-moderate low, moderate high, moderate low, and low were identified. Compared to the high trajectory, multiple-adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of death and major disability at 3 months for high-to-moderate low, moderate high, moderate low, and low trajectories were 0.61 (0.44 to 0.86), 0.63 (0.48 to 0.84), 0.49 (0.37 to 0.65), and 0.42 (0.30 to 0.59), respectively (overall p<0.0001). Likewise, the corresponding multiple-adjusted odds ratios at 2 years were 0.64 (0.46 to 0.90), 0.78 (0.59 to 1.04), 0.49 (0.37 to 0.66), and 0.49 (0.34 to 0.69), respectively (overall p<0.0001). These data indicate that individuals with a consistently high systolic BP during the acute phase of ischemic stroke had the highest risk of short- and long-term death and major disability. In addition, moderate systolic BP reduction to below 140 mmHg from higher levels lowers risk of short- and long-term death and major disability.

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