scholarly journals Plant‐Based Diets Are Associated With a Lower Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Disease Mortality, and All‐Cause Mortality in a General Population of Middle‐Aged Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunju Kim ◽  
Laura E. Caulfield ◽  
Vanessa Garcia‐Larsen ◽  
Lyn M. Steffen ◽  
Josef Coresh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Incident Cardiovascular Disease

scholarly journals Association of Major Dietary Protein Sources With All‐Cause and Cause‐Specific Mortality: Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangbo Sun ◽  
Buyun Liu ◽  
Linda G. Snetselaar ◽  
Robert B. Wallace ◽  
Aladdin H. Shadyab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Processed Red Meat

Background Dietary recommendations regarding protein intake have been focused on the amount of protein. However, such recommendations without considering specific protein sources may be simplistic and insufficient. Methods and Results We included 102 521 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative between 1993 and 1998, and followed them through February 2017. During 1 876 205 person‐years of follow‐up, 25 976 deaths occurred. Comparing the highest with the lowest quintile, plant protein intake was inversely associated with all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.91 [0.86, 0.96]), cardiovascular disease mortality (HR, 0.88 [0.79, 0.97]), and dementia mortality (HR, 0.79 [0.67, 0.94]). Among major protein sources, comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of consumption, processed red meat (HR, 1.06 [1.01, 1.10]) or eggs (HR, 1.14 [1.10, 1.19]) was associated with higher risk of all‐cause mortality. Unprocessed red meat (HR, 1.12 [1.02, 1.23]), eggs (HR, 1.24 [1.14, 1.34]), or dairy products (HR, 1.11 [1.02, 1.22]) was associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease mortality. Egg consumption was associated with higher risk of cancer mortality (HR, 1.10 [1.02, 1.19]). Processed red meat consumption was associated with higher risk of dementia mortality (HR, 1.20 [1.05, 1.32]), while consumption of poultry (HR, 0.85 [0.75, 0.97]) or eggs (HR, 0.86 [0.75, 0.98]) was associated with lower risk of dementia mortality. In substitution analysis, substituting of animal protein with plant protein was associated with a lower risk of all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, and dementia mortality, and substitution of total red meat, eggs, or dairy products with nuts was associated with a lower risk of all‐cause mortality. Conclusions Different dietary protein sources have varying associations with all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, and dementia mortality. Our findings support the need for consideration of protein sources in future dietary guidelines.

scholarly journals Healthy Plant-Based Diets Are Associated with Lower Risk of All-Cause Mortality in US Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunju Kim ◽  
Laura E Caulfield ◽  
Casey M Rebholz
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundPlant-based diets, often referred to as vegetarian diets, are associated with health benefits. However, the association with mortality is less clear.ObjectiveWe investigated associations between plant-based diet indexes and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in a nationally representative sample of US adults.MethodsAnalyses were based on 11,879 participants (20–80 y of age) from NHANES III (1988–1994) linked to data on all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality through 2011. We constructed an overall plant-based diet index (PDI), which assigns positive scores for plant foods and negative scores for animal foods, on the basis of a food-frequency questionnaire administered at baseline. We also constructed a healthful PDI (hPDI), in which only healthy plant foods received positive scores, and a less-healthful (unhealthy) PDI (uPDI), in which only less-healthful plant foods received positive scores. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between plant–based diet consumption in 1988–1994 and subsequent mortality. We tested for effect modification by sex.ResultsIn the overall sample, PDI and uPDI were not associated with all-cause or cardiovascular disease mortality after controlling for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, and health behaviors. However, among those with an hPDI score above the median, a 10-unit increase in hPDI was associated with a 5% lower risk in all-cause mortality in the overall study population (HR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.91, 0.98) and among women (HR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.99), but not among men (HR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.01). There was no effect modification by sex (P-interaction > 0.10).ConclusionsA nonlinear association between hPDI and all-cause mortality was observed. Healthy plant-based diet scores above the median were associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality in US adults. Future research exploring the impact of quality of plant-based diets on long-term health outcomes is necessary.

Abstract P216: Plant-Based Diets Are Associated With a Lower Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Disease Mortality, and All-Cause Mortality

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 139 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunju Kim ◽  
Laura E Caulfield ◽  
Vanessa Garcia-Larsen ◽  
Lyn M Steffen ◽  
Josef Coresh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality

scholarly journals Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on survival in men with low socioeconomic status

2020 ◽  
pp. 204748731990105
Author(s):  
Sae Young Jae ◽  
Sudhir Kurl ◽  
Kanokwan Bunsawat ◽  
Barry A Franklin ◽  
Jina Choo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality ◽  
Mortality Hazard ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Mortality Hazard Ratio

Aims Although both low socioeconomic status (SES) and poor cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with increased chronic disease and heightened mortality, it remains unclear whether moderate-to-high levels of CRF are associated with survival benefits in low SES populations. This study evaluated the hypothesis that SES and CRF predict all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality and that moderate-to-high levels of CRF may attenuate the association between low SES and increased mortality. Methods This study included 2368 men, who were followed in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Study cohort. CRF was directly measured by peak oxygen uptake during progressive exercise testing. SES was characterized using self-reported questionnaires. Results During a 25-year median follow-up, 1116 all-cause mortality and 512 cardiovascular disease mortality events occurred. After adjusting for potential confounders, men with low SES were at increased risks for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval: 1.30–1.71) and cardiovascular disease mortality (hazard ratio1.38, 1.13–1.69). Higher levels of CRF were associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.54, 0.45–0.64) and cardiovascular disease mortality (hazard ratio 0.53, 0.40–0.69). In joint associations of SES and CRF with mortality, low SES-unfit had significantly higher risks of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 2.15, 1.78–2.59) and cardiovascular disease mortality (hazard ratio 1.95, 1.48-2.57), but low SES-fit was not associated with a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease mortality (hazard ratio 1.09, 0.80-1.48) as compared with their high SES-fit counterparts. Conclusion Both SES and CRF were independently associated with subsequent mortality; however, moderate-to-high levels of CRF were not associated with an excess risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in men with low SES.

scholarly journals A population-based study of cardiovascular disease mortality risk in US cancer patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (48) ◽  
pp. 3889-3897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M Sturgeon ◽  
Lei Deng ◽  
Shirley M Bluethmann ◽  
Shouhao Zhou ◽  
Daniel M Trifiletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Abstract Aims This observational study characterized cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk for multiple cancer sites, with respect to the following: (i) continuous calendar year, (ii) age at diagnosis, and (iii) follow-up time after diagnosis. Methods and results The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program was used to compare the US general population to 3 234 256 US cancer survivors (1973–2012). Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated using coded cause of death from CVDs (heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and aortic aneurysm/dissection). Analyses were adjusted by age, race, and sex. Among 28 cancer types, 1 228 328 patients (38.0%) died from cancer and 365 689 patients (11.3%) died from CVDs. Among CVDs, 76.3% of deaths were due to heart disease. In eight cancer sites, CVD mortality risk surpassed index-cancer mortality risk in at least one calendar year. Cardiovascular disease mortality risk was highest in survivors diagnosed at <35 years of age. Further, CVD mortality risk is highest (SMR 3.93, 95% confidence interval 3.89–3.97) within the first year after cancer diagnosis, and CVD mortality risk remains elevated throughout follow-up compared to the general population. Conclusion The majority of deaths from CVD occur in patients diagnosed with breast, prostate, or bladder cancer. We observed that from the point of cancer diagnosis forward into survivorship cancer patients (all sites) are at elevated risk of dying from CVDs compared to the general US population. In endometrial cancer, the first year after diagnosis poses a very high risk of dying from CVDs, supporting early involvement of cardiologists in such patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document