Abstract 411: In Utero Exposure to PM2.5 Causes Adult Cardiovascular Dysfunction and Reduced Exercise Capacity

2016 ◽  
Vol 119 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vineeta Tanwar ◽  
Kristin I Stanford ◽  
Loren E Wold
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Total Distance

Objective: Exposure to particulate matter 2.5 μm (PM2.5) during intrauterine development is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes at adulthood. Deteriorations in cardiac function are observed with increased myocardial demand in PM2.5-exposed individuals. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of in utero PM2.5exposure on exercise training capacity and cardiac function in adult mice. Methods: Female FVB mice were exposed either to filtered air (FA) or PM2.5at an average concentration of 73.61μg/m 3 for 6h/day, 7days/wk throughout pregnancy. 12wk old male offspring from exposed dams were assigned to in utero FA (n=5) or PM2.5 (n=5) exposed groups which underwent exercise training for 3 weeks (housed with running wheels for 3 weeks). We measured total distance travelled and performed echocardiography at baseline, 1, 2 and 3 weeks. Results: There was a progressive decrease in total distance travelled each week in the in utero PM2.5 exposed mice (Week 1: 12.2±3.46 Km FA, 5.32±2.06 Km PM2.5; Week 2: 41.4±9.62 Km FA, 17.28±6.60 Km PM2.5; Week 3: 61.8±16.59 Km FA, 25.92.±8.62 Km PM2.5) compared to the in utero FA exposed mice. When comparing to their respective sedentary counterparts, the FA exercise group showed increased fractional shortening (%FS), left ventricular end systolic (LVESd) and diastolic (LVEDd) diameters, suggesting eccentric hypertrophy. There was a modest decrease in %FS and marked increase in posterior wall thickness during diastole (PWTd) in the PM2.5 exercise group suggesting concentric hypertrophy. Comparison of in utero FA vs PM2.5 exercise groups after 3 weeks of exercise training showed reduced %FS and marked decrease in LVEDd in the PM2.5 exercise group compared to the FA exercise group. Furthermore, a decrease in PWTs and increased PWTd was also observed in the PM2.5 group compared to FA controls. Conclusions: In utero PM2.5exposure reduced exercise capacity at adulthood and the development of both systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Thus, our study showed that individuals residing in high pollution areas are predisposed to develop cardiac dysfunction under conditions of increased myocardial demand.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Promotes Cardiac Dysfunction Through Deregulation of Cardiomyocyte Ca 2+ ‐Handling Protein Expression That is Not Reversed by Exercise Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tassia S. R. da Costa ◽  
Ursula Urias ◽  
Marcelo V. Negrao ◽  
Camila P. Jordão ◽  
Clévia S. Passos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background Patients treated for breast cancer have a high incidence of cardiovascular complications. In this study, we evaluated the impact of breast cancer on cardiac function and cardiomyocyte Ca 2+ ‐handling protein expression. We also investigated whether exercise training (ET) would prevent these potential alterations. Methods and Results Transgenic mice with spontaneous breast cancer (mouse mammary tumor virus–polyomavirus middle T antigen [MMTV‐PyMT+], n=15) and littermate mice with no cancer (MMTV‐PyMT−, n=14) were studied. For the ET analysis, MMTV‐PyMT+ were divided into sedentary (n=10) and exercise‐trained (n=12) groups. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography with speckle‐tracking imaging. Exercise tolerance test was conducted on a treadmill. Both studies were performed when the tumor became palpable and when it reached 1 cm 3 . After euthanasia, Ca 2+ ‐handling protein expression (Western blot) was evaluated. Exercise capacity was reduced in MMTV‐PyMT+ compared with MMTV‐PyMT− ( P interaction =0.031). Longitudinal strain ( P group <0.001) and strain rate ( P group =0.030) were impaired. Cardiomyocyte phospholamban was increased ( P =0.011), whereas phospho‐phospholamban and sodium/calcium exchanger were decreased ( P =0.038 and P =0.017, respectively) in MMTV‐PyMT+. No significant difference in sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum calcium 2 ATPase (SERCA2a) was found. SERCA2a/phospholamban ratio was reduced ( P =0.007). ET was not associated with increased exercise capacity. ET decreased left ventricular end‐systolic diameter ( P group =0.038) and end‐diastolic volume ( P group =0.026). Other morphological and functional cardiac parameters were not improved by ET in MMTV‐PyMT+. ET did not improve cardiomyocyte Ca 2+ ‐handling protein expression. Conclusions Breast cancer is associated with decreased exercise capacity and subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in MMTV‐PyMT+, which is at least partly associated with dysregulation of cardiomyocyte Ca 2+ handling. ET did not prevent or reverse these changes.

scholarly journals Effects of human recombinant growth hormone on exercise capacity, cardiac structure, and cardiac function in patients with adult-onset growth hormone deficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1708-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Gonzalez ◽  
JD Windram ◽  
T Sathyapalan ◽  
Z Javed ◽  
AL Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Growth Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Risk Of Death

Objective Epidemiological studies suggest that adult-onset growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) might increase the risk of death from cardiovascular causes. Methods This was a 6-month double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, cross-over trial followed by a 6-month open-label phase. Seventeen patients with AGHD received either recombinant human growth hormone (rGH) (0.4 mg injection daily) or placebo for 12 weeks, underwent washout for 2 weeks, and were then crossed over to the alternative treatment for a further 12 weeks. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, echocardiography, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing were performed at baseline, 12 weeks, 26 weeks, and the end of the open phase (12 months). The results were compared with those of 16 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Results At baseline, patients with AGHD had a significantly higher systolic blood pressure, ejection fraction, and left ventricular mass than the control group, even when corrected for body surface area. Treatment with rGH normalised the insulin-like growth factor 1 concentration without an effect on exercise capacity, cardiac structure, or cardiac function. Conclusion Administration of rGH therapy for 6 to 9 months failed to normalise the functional and structural cardiac differences observed in patients with AGHD when compared with a control group.

scholarly journals Physical exercise training in patients with a Fontan circulation: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
pp. 204748732094286
Author(s):  
Linda E Scheffers ◽  
Linda EM vd Berg ◽  
Gamida Ismailova ◽  
Karolijn Dulfer ◽  
Johanna JM Takkenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Fontan Patients

Background Patients with a Fontan circulation have a reduced exercise capacity, which is an important prognostic predictor of morbidity and mortality. A way to increase exercise capacity in Fontan patients might be exercise training. This systematic review assesses the effects of exercise training investigated in Fontan patients in order to provide an overview of current insights. Design and methods Studies evaluating an exercise training intervention in Fontan patients published up to February 2020 were included in this systematic review. Results From 3000 potential studies, 16 studies reported in 22 publications met the inclusion criteria. In total, 264 Fontan patients with mean age range 8.7–31 years, were included. Different training types including inspiratory muscle training, resistance training and aerobic training were investigated. Main outcome measures reported were peak oxygen uptake, cardiac function, lung function, physical activity levels and quality of life. Peak oxygen uptake increased significantly in 56% of the studies after training with an overall mean increase of +1.72 ml/kg/min (+6.3%). None of the studies reported negative outcome measures related to the exercise programme. In four studies an adverse event was reported, most likely unrelated to the training intervention. Conclusions Exercise training in Fontan patients is most likely safe and has positive effects on exercise capacity, cardiac function and quality of life. Therefore exercise training in Fontan patients should be encouraged. Further studies are required to assess the optimal training type, intensity, duration and long-term effects.

Comparison of effects of exercise and diuretic on left ventricular geometry, mass, and insulin resistance in older hypertensive adults

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (2) ◽  
pp. R360-R368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton R. Rinder ◽  
Robert J. Spina ◽  
Linda R. Peterson ◽  
Christopher J. Koenig ◽  
Christa R. Florence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Geometry ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Improve Insulin Resistance ◽  
Lv Mass ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels

To compare the effects of exercise training and hydrochlorothiazide on left ventricular (LV) geometry and mass, blood pressure (BP), and hyperinsulinemia in older hypertensive adults, we studied 28 patients randomized either to a group (age 66.4 ± 1.3 yr; n = 16) that exercised or to a group (age 65.3 ± 1.2 yr; n = 12) that received hydrochlorothiazide for 6 mo. Endurance exercise training induced a 15% increase in peak aerobic power. The reduction in systolic BP was twofold greater with thiazide than with exercise (26.6 ± 12.2 vs. 11.5 ± 10.9 mmHg). Exercise and thiazide reduced LV wall thickness, LV mass index (14% in each group), and the LV wall thickness-to-radius ratio ( h/ r) similarly (exercise: before 0.48 ± 0.2, after 0.42 ± 0.01; thiazide: before 0.47 ± 0.04, after 0.40 ± 0.04; P = 0.017). The reductions in systolic BP and h/ r were correlated in the exercise group ( r = 0.70, P = 0.005) but not in the thiazide group. Exercise training reduced glucose-stimulated hyperinsulinemia (before: 13.65 ± 2.6 vs. 9.84 ± 1.5 mU·ml−1·min; P = 0.04) and insulin resistance. Thiazide did not affect plasma insulin levels. The results suggest that although exercise is less effective in reducing systolic BP than thiazide, it can induce regression of LV hypertrophy similar in magnitude to thiazide. Unlike hydrochlorothiazide, exercise training can improve insulin resistance and aerobic capacity in older hypertensive people.

scholarly journals Ultrasonographic and histological evaluation of the effects of long-term carotid catheterization on cardiac function in NMRI mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne C Teilmann ◽  
Morten B Thomsen ◽  
Elizabeth A Ihms ◽  
Nathan Pate ◽  
Jann Hau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Brachiocephalic Trunk ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Catheter Tip ◽  
Inner Diameter

Catheterization of laboratory mice is commonly performed in biomedical research to infuse substances and for blood sampling. One approach is to catheterize the right common carotid artery and advance the catheter until the tip is positioned in the aorta or the proximal brachiocephalic trunk. Owing to the small body size of the mouse, a catheter tends to occupy a great part of even the larger vessel lumens, and this may increase vascular resistance with potential pathophysiological impacts on the heart. The present study compared cardiac function of catheterized mice, with catheter tip placement in the brachiocephalic trunk, with sham-operated mice and non-operated control mice. During four weeks post-catheterization, M-mode echocardiography measurements of the thickness of the left ventricular anterior wall, left ventricular inner diameter and the thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall were performed. The left ventricular volume, ejection fraction and fractional shortening were calculated. Moreover, aortic recordings of the thickness of the medial and lateral walls as well as the inner diameter were measured. Terminally, histological analysis of the hearts was conducted, and body weights and heart weights were compared between groups. No effects on echocardiography parameters, histology, body weights or cardiac weights could be found between groups. In the present study, implantation of a carotid catheter with catheter tip placement in the proximal brachiocephalic trunk had minimal influence on cardiac and aortic physiology and did not induce significant cardiac changes.

scholarly journals Supine cycling plus volume loading prevent cardiovascular deconditioning during bed rest

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 1177-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeki Shibata ◽  
Merja Perhonen ◽  
Benjamin D. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Orthostatic Intolerance ◽  
Lower Body Negative Pressure ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Orthostatic Tolerance ◽  
Volume Loading ◽  
Cardiac Atrophy ◽  
Cardiac Filling

There are two possible mechanisms contributing to the excessive fall of stroke volume (and its contribution to orthostatic intolerance) in the upright position after bed rest or spaceflight: reduced cardiac filling due to hypovolemia and/or a less distensible heart due to cardiac atrophy. We hypothesized that preservation of cardiac mechanical function by exercise training, plus normalization of cardiac filling with volume infusion, would prevent orthostatic intolerance after bed rest. Eighteen men and three women were assigned to 1) exercise countermeasure ( n = 14) and 2) no exercise countermeasure ( n = 7) groups during bed rest. Bed rest occurred in the 6° head-down tilt position for 18 days. The exercise regimen was prescribed to compensate for the estimated cardiac work reduction between bed rest and ambulatory periods. At the end of bed rest, the subjects were further divided into two additional groups for post-bed rest testing: 1) volume loading with intravenous dextran to normalize cardiac filling pressure and 2) no volume loading. Dextran infusion was given to half of the exercise group and all of the sedentary group after bed rest, leading ultimately to three groups: 1) exercise plus volume infusion; 2) exercise alone; and 3) volume infusion alone. Exercise training alone preserved left ventricular mass and distensibility as well as upright exercise capacity, but lower body negative pressure (LBNP) tolerance was still depressed. LBNP tolerance was maintained only when exercise training was accompanied by dextran infusion. Dextran infusion alone following bed rest without exercise maintained neither orthostatic tolerance nor upright exercise capacity. We conclude that daily supine cycle exercise sufficient to prevent cardiac atrophy can prevent orthostatic intolerance after bed rest only when combined with plasma volume restoration. This maintenance of orthostatic tolerance was achieved by neither exercise nor dextran infusion alone. Cardiac atrophy and hypovolemia are likely to contribute independently to orthostatic intolerance after bed rest.

scholarly journals Exercise training initiated after the onset of diabetes preserves myocardial function: effects on expression of β-adrenoceptors

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshore R. Bidasee ◽  
Hong Zheng ◽  
Chun-Hong Shao ◽  
Sheeva K. Parbhu ◽  
George J. Rozanski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Function Loss ◽  
Onset Of Diabetes ◽  
Exercise Induced

The present study was undertaken to assess cardiac function and characterize β-adrenoceptor subtypes in hearts of diabetic rats that underwent exercise training (ExT) after the onset of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats using streptozotocin. Four weeks after induction, rats were randomly divided into two groups. One group was exercised trained for 3 wk while the other group remained sedentary. At the end of the protocol, cardiac parameters were assessed using M-mode echocardiography. A Millar catheter was also used to assess left ventricular hemodynamics with and without isoproterenol stimulation. β-Adrenoceptors were assessed using Western blots and [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding. After 7 wk of diabetes, heart rate decreased by 21%, fractional shortening by 20%, ejection fraction by 9%, and basal and isoproterenol-induced dP/d t by 35%. β1- and β2-adrenoceptor proteins were reduced by 60% and 40%, respectively, while β3-adrenoceptor protein increased by 125%. Ventricular homogenates from diabetic rats bound 52% less [3H]dihydroalprenolol, consistent with reductions in β1- and β2-adrenoceptors. Three weeks of ExT initiated 4 wk after the onset of diabetes minimized cardiac function loss. ExT also blunted loss of β1-adrenoceptor expression. Interestingly, ExT did not prevent diabetes-induced reduction in β2-adrenoceptor or the increase of β3-adrenoceptor expression. ExT also increased [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding, consistent with increased β1-adrenoceptor expression. These findings demonstrate for the first time that ExT initiated after the onset of diabetes blunts primarily β1-adrenoceptor expression loss, providing mechanistic insights for exercise-induced improvements in cardiac function.

scholarly journals Reliability of Echocardiographic Measurements in Infants Exposed to Zika Virus.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulce Helena Gonçalves Orofino ◽  
Sonia Regina Lambert Passos ◽  
Maria de Fatima Moreira Pereira Leite ◽  
Carla Verona Barreto Farias ◽  
Thiago Moreira Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Aortic Root ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Cardiac Chamber ◽  
Septal Thickness

Abstract Background: Ecocardiography is currently the gold standard imaging method for the diagnosis of most congenital and acquired cardiopathies and for the evaluation of myocardial function and cardiac chamber size and overload. Ecocardiographic measures of left ventricular and right ventricular structure and function are used to define ventricular function and guide medical decisions.The objective of this study is to assess the reproducibility of echocardiographic cardiac chamber measurements in infants in utero exposed to Zika virus. Methods: Masked cross-sectional diagnostic study with two independent measurements of cardiac chamber dimensions using echocardiography. We studied 50 infants with in utero exposure to Zika virus ranging from 30 to 270 days old of the outpatient clinic of a national reference center for maternal and child health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.The analysis included the measurements of the aortic root, left atrium, end diastolic left ventricle, systolic left ventricule, left ventricular ejection fraction, ventricular end diastolic septal thickness, end diastolic thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall and right ventricule. Bland-Altman plots were used to explore differences. Agreement according to intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) was interpreted as follows: excellent≥0.75, fair to good 0.4≤ICC<0.75, and poor with ICC<0.4. Results: All parameters had mean difference of diameters near to zero, excluding left ventricule ejection fraction. Ventricular end-diastolic septal thickness and end-diastolic-thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall showed few unique mean values. Reproducibility was excellent for the aortic root and end diastolic left ventricule (ICC=0.86 and 0.91, respectively), fair/good to poor for other parameters and the left ventricule ejection fraction, ventricular end diastolic septal thickness and the end diastolic thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall showed the lowest reproducibility (ICC=0.46,0.37,0.53, respectively). Conclusions: The minor divergences did not affect the echocardiography results in our sample. However, caution is required to interpret results of measures with low reproducibility.

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