Abstract TP189: Age of Menarche and Risk of Future Strokes in Women

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haseeb A Rahman ◽  
Ahmed Malik ◽  
Aesha Rahman ◽  
Saqib Chaudhry ◽  
Abraham Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinal Regression ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Senior Women ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Age Of Menarche

Background: An increased risk of stroke has been found in women with early or late menarche in a cohort in the United Kingdom. It is uncertain if there is a similar increase in risk of stroke in women who experience early or late menarche in the United States. Methods: Using data from the observational component of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) [WHI Observational Study (OS)], we analyzed the 93,676 women aged 50-79 years, who participated in the OS over a period of 12±1 years. We compared the outcome of ischemic stroke in participants of 5 strata of age of menarche (10 years or younger, 11-12 years, 13-14 years, 15-16 years, and 17 years or older), as recorded at the baseline visit. An ordinal regression analysis was run to determine if there was a change in the risk of stroke over these strata. Results: Of the 93, 676 participants, 6067 reached menarche at 10 years of age or younger, and 965 reached menarche at 17 years of age or older. A smaller proportion of participants who developed an outcome of stroke were 10 years old or younger at menarche as compared to those who never developed stroke (6.4% vs. 6.5% p=0.85). A greater proportion of participants who developed an outcome of stroke were 11-12 years of age at menarche as compared to those who did not develop an outcome of stroke (42.8% vs. 41.3% p <.122). In the ordinal regression, there was a stronger correlation between developing a stroke and being a participant in the categories of 11- 12 years and 13-14 years of age at menarche than in the younger or older age group, respectively (0.14 and 0.103 vs 0.94 and 0.02 p=0.45). Conclusion: There is no significant increase in stroke risk in senior women in the United States who have menarche at an early (≤10 years) or late (≥17 years) age.

Do Newspapers Enlighten Preferences? Personal Ideology, Party Choice and the Electoral Cycle: The United Kingdom, 1992-1997

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Andersen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Party Choice ◽  
Electoral Cycle ◽  
Personal Ideology ◽  
Using Data

The Gelman-King theory of enlightened preferences holds that the mass media play an important role in enlightening vote choices during election campaigns in the United States. This article adapts this theory to the electoral cycle in Britain. It also expands the theory to consider the media's role in facilitating consistent attitudes. Using data from the 1992-1997 British Election Panel Study, the author finds that attitudinal consistency and enlightened party preferences were highest immediately following elections. Moreover, there were significant differences according to the type of newspapers voters read, with broadsheet readers being the most enlightened. These findings suggest that enlightened preferences theory has wider applicability than simply US election campaigns.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection and Outcomes Among Symptomatic Healthcare Workers in Seattle, Washington

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2702-2707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandita S Mani ◽  
Jehan Z Budak ◽  
Kristine F Lan ◽  
Chloe Bryson-Cahn ◽  
Allison Zelikoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Healthcare Workforce ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The University

Abstract Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) who serve on the front lines of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have been at increased risk for infection due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in some settings. Healthcare-acquired infection has been reported in similar epidemics, but there are limited data on the prevalence of COVID-19 among HCWs and their associated clinical outcomes in the United States. Methods We established 2 high-throughput employee testing centers in Seattle, Washington, with drive-through and walk-through options for symptomatic employees in the University of Washington Medicine system and its affiliated organizations. Using data from these testing centers, we report the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among symptomatic employees and describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes among employees with COVID-19. Results Between 12 March 2020 and 23 April 2020, 3477 symptomatic employees were tested for COVID-19 at 2 employee testing centers; 185 (5.3%) employees tested positive for COVID-19. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was similar when comparing frontline HCWs (5.2%) with nonfrontline staff (5.5%). Among 174 positive employees reached for follow-up at least 14 days after diagnosis, 6 reported COVID-related hospitalization; all recovered. Conclusions During the study period, we observed that the prevalence of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests among symptomatic HCWs was comparable to that of symptomatic nonfrontline staff. Reliable and rapid access to testing for employees is essential to preserve the health, safety, and availability of the healthcare workforce during this pandemic and to facilitate the rapid return of SARS-CoV-2–negative employees to work.

Reporting Racist Hate Crime Victimization to the Police in the United States and the United Kingdom: A Cross-National Comparison

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1034-1055
Author(s):  
Wesley Myers ◽  
Brendan Lantz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Victim Reporting ◽  
National Comparison ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Hate is a global phenomenon as evidenced by recent increases in hate crimes in both the United States and the United Kingdom; unfortunately, these crimes are also substantially underreported in both nations. Following this, this research presents an examination of racially motivated hate crimes and victim reporting to the police in both nations using data from the National Crime Victimization Survey and the Crime Survey of England and Wales from 2003 to 2015. Results indicate that, overall, victim reporting has been increasing in the United Kingdom and decreasing in the United States. Disaggregating by victim and offender race, however, reveals divergent trends such that anti-black hate crime victim reporting is increasing in the United States and decreasing in the United Kingdom. Policy and research implications are discussed.

“Judge Lynch” in the Court of Public Opinion: Publicity and the De-legitimation of Lynching

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL WEAVER
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Newspaper Coverage ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Using Data

How does violence become publicly unacceptable? I address this question in the context of lynching in the United States. Between 1880 and the 1930s, public discourse about lynching moved from open or tacit endorsement to widespread condemnation. I argue this occurred because of increasing publicity for lynchings. While locals justified nearby lynchings, publicity exposed lynching to distant, un-supportive audiences and allowed African Americans to safely articulate counternarratives and condemnations. I test this argument using data on lynchings, rail networks, and newspaper coverage of lynchings in millions of issues across thousands of newspapers. I find that lynchings in counties with greater access to publicity (via rail networks) saw more and geographically dispersed coverage, that distant coverage was more critical, and that increased risk of media exposure may have reduced the incidence of lynching. I discuss how publicity could be a mechanism for strengthening or weakening justifications of violence in other contexts.

Legal Regimes and Investor Response to the Auditor’s Going-Concern Opinion

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad Kausar ◽  
Richard J. Taffler ◽  
Christine E. L. Tan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Going Concern ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Going Concern Opinion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

This article examines how legal regime may affect the market’s reaction to the auditor’s going-concern (GC) opinion. We hypothesize that, ceteris paribus, investors in a creditor-friendly bankruptcy regime (the United Kingdom) will react more adversely to a first-time GC opinion indicating increased risk of loss associated with bankruptcy than do investors in a debtor-friendly bankruptcy regime (the United States). Our empirical results are consistent with this expectation. These findings are strengthened by additional analysis of the impact of the recent convergence in bankruptcy regime between the United States and United Kingdom on the market reaction to GC opinions in the United States. Our findings demonstrate a specific situation where the auditing standards and institutional factors interact, with their joint impact affecting the market’s reaction to the GC opinion.

scholarly journals The Effects of Buyers' Attitudes Toward Supplier Diversity on Their Spending with Ethnic Minority Businesses

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (7-9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxiang Li
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
The United States ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Supplier Diversity ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Ethnic Minority Businesses

This study examines characteristics that may influence buyers' desire to obtain goods and services from ethnic minority enterprises using data from 277 buyers employed at large buying organizations (LPOs) in the United States and the United Kingdom (EMBs). The literature on social capital is utilized to construct hypotheses about the cognitive, structural, and relational factors that may influence decisions to purchase from minority enterprises. Following that, current discrimination theory is used to deduce how buyers' views about supplier diversity affect the effects of social capital on their buying operations with EMBs. Multiple regression research indicates that in both the United States and the United Kingdom, buyers' perceived positive social capital has a direct, substantial association with their spending with EMBs. Additionally, the findings indicate that in both nations, purchasers' attitudes toward supplier diversity act as a moderator of the connection. Interestingly, despite the fact that the United States pioneered the concept of supplier variety, our study reveals that UK LPO buyers spend more with their EMBs. This research demonstrates how LPOs' strategic corporate social responsibility initiatives may be influenced by their buyers' social relationships with EMBs and their views about supplier diversity, based on these findings.

scholarly journals A healthier society with sugar restriction plan from childhood

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Bando
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Obesity and sugar intake are major problems worldwide. They have large medical, economic and social impacts and influences. Concerning these topics, meaningful studies were recently reported from the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK). The author and colleagues have continued clinical research of low carbohydrate diet (LCD) for long years. In this editorial, key points of these topics are described. Firstly, there have been several studies in the United States about sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake and increased risk for arteriosclerotic diseases. According to previous epidemiological investigations, SSBs intake has caused a higher risk of diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHNES) data showed a relationship between baseline intakes of added sugar and SSBs with elevated CVD mortality.

Effectiveness of Programs for the Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaia Del Campo ◽  
Marisalva Fávero
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sexual Abuse Prevention ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Abstract. During the last decades, several studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of sexual abuse prevention programs implemented in different countries. In this article, we present a review of 70 studies (1981–2017) evaluating prevention programs, conducted mostly in the United States and Canada, although with a considerable presence also in other countries, such as New Zealand and the United Kingdom. The results of these studies, in general, are very promising and encourage us to continue this type of intervention, almost unanimously confirming its effectiveness. Prevention programs encourage children and adolescents to report the abuse experienced and they may help to reduce the trauma of sexual abuse if there are victims among the participants. We also found that some evaluations have not considered the possible negative effects of this type of programs in the event that they are applied inappropriately. Finally, we present some methodological considerations as critical analysis to this type of evaluations.

Migration and the Internet

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas John Cooke ◽  
Ian Shuttleworth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Dynamics Models

It is widely presumed that information and communication technologies, or ICTs, enable migration in several ways; primarily by reducing the costs of migration. However, a reconsideration of the relationship between ICTs and migration suggests that ICTs may just as well hinder migration; primarily by reducing the costs of not moving.  Using data from the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics, models that control for sources of observed and unobserved heterogeneity indicate a strong negative effect of ICT use on inter-state migration within the United States. These results help to explain the long-term decline in internal migration within the United States.

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