Memory Lost and Regained Following Bilateral Hippocampal Damage

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 682-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Henke ◽  
Neal E. A. Kroll ◽  
Hamraz Behniea ◽  
David G. Amaral ◽  
Michael B. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Hippocampal Damage ◽  
Global Amnesia ◽  
Neuropsychological Study ◽  
The Right

We present a longitudinal neuropsychological study (31 examinations over a period of 18 months) of patient DF. DF demonstrated bilateral atrophy of the hippocampal formation and globus pallidus resulting from carbon monoxide poisoning. Eighteen months after the event, the volume of the hippocampal formation was reduced by 42% on the left side and 28% on the right. The patient initially presented with a severe global amnesia. Then, he showed a gradual, yet selective recovery of episodic memory function. Verbal free recall and spatial memory performance remained reduced, whereas immediate word recall and recognition memory, as well as picture learning and memory, improved to levels at the lower range of normal performance. Interestingly, nonspatial associative learning was never much impaired and recovered completely by the end of testing. These data are taken as evidence that the human hippocampal formation does not equally support different forms of episodic memory.

scholarly journals Lifespan trajectories and relationships to memory of the macro- and microstructure of the anterior and posterior hippocampus – a longitudinal multi-modal imaging study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espen Langnes ◽  
Markus H. Sneve ◽  
Donatas Sederevicius ◽  
Inge K. Amlien ◽  
Kristine B Walhovd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Microstructural Development

AbstractThere is evidence for a hippocampal long axis anterior-posterior (AP) differentiation in memory processing, which may have implications for the changes in episodic memory performance typically seen across development and aging. The hippocampal formation shows substantial structural changes with age, but the lifespan trajectories of hippocampal sub-regions along the AP axis are not established. The aim of the present study was to test whether the micro- and macro-structural age-trajectories of the anterior (aHC) and posterior (pHC) hippocampus are different. In a single-center longitudinal study, 1790 cognitively healthy participants, 4.1-93.4 years of age, underwent a total of 3367 MRI examinations and 3033 memory tests sessions over 1-6 time points, spanning an interval up to 11.1 years. T1-weighted scans were used to estimate the volume of aHC and pHC, and diffusion tensor imaging to measure mean diffusion (MD) within each region. We found that the macro- and microstructural lifespan-trajectories of aHC and pHC were clearly distinguishable, with partly common and partly unique variance shared with age. aHC showed a protracted period of microstructural development, while pHC microstructural development as indexed by MD was more or less completed in early childhood. In contrast, pHC showed larger unique aging-related changes. A similar aHC – pHC difference was observed for volume, although not as evident as for microstructure. All sub-regions showed age-dependent relationships to episodic memory function. For aHC micro- and macrostructure, the relationships to verbal memory performance varied significantly with age, being stronger among the older participants. Future research should disentangle the relationship between these structural properties and different memory processes – encoding vs. retrieval in particular – across the lifespan.

Impact of Comorbid Depression on Serial Position Effects in Alzheimer’s Disease

GeroPsych ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nienke A. Hofrichter ◽  
Sandra Dick ◽  
Thomas G. Riemer ◽  
Carsten Schleussner ◽  
Monique Goerke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Serial Position ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Word List ◽  
Position Effects ◽  
Serial Position Effects ◽  
List Memory

Hippocampal dysfunction and deficits in episodic memory have been reported for both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Primacy performance has been associated with hippocampus-dependent episodic memory, while recency may reflect working memory performance. In this study, serial position profiles were examined in a total of 73 patients with MDD, AD, both AD and MDD, and healthy controls (HC) by means of CERAD-NP word list memory. Primacy performance was most impaired in AD with comorbid MDD, followed by AD, MDD, and HC. Recency performance, on the other hand, was comparable across groups. These findings indicate that primacy in AD is impaired in the presence of comorbid MDD, suggesting additive performance decrements in this specific episodic memory function.

scholarly journals Effects of amnesia on processing in the hippocampus and default mode network during a naturalistic memory task: a case study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Oedekoven ◽  
James L. Keidel ◽  
Stuart Anderson ◽  
Angus Nisbet ◽  
Chris Bird
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Left Hippocampus ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Encoding And Retrieval

Despite their severely impaired episodic memory, individuals with amnesia are able to comprehend ongoing events. Online representations of a current event are thought to be supported by a network of regions centred on the posterior midline cortex (PMC). By contrast, episodic memory is widely believed to be supported by interactions between the hippocampus and these cortical regions. In this MRI study, we investigated the encoding and retrieval of lifelike events (video clips) in a patient with severe amnesia likely resulting from a stroke to the right thalamus, and a group of 20 age-matched controls. Structural MRI revealed grey matter reductions in left hippocampus and left thalamus in comparison to controls. We first characterised the regions activated in the controls while they watched and retrieved the videos. There were no differences in activation between the patient and controls in any of the regions. We then identified a widespread network of brain regions, including the hippocampus, that were functionally connected with the PMC in controls. However, in the patient there was a specific reduction in functional connectivity between the PMC and a region of left hippocampus when both watching and attempting to retrieve the videos. A follow up analysis revealed that in controls the functional connectivity between these regions when watching the videos was correlated with memory performance. Taken together, these findings support the view that the interactions between the PMC and the hippocampus enable the encoding and retrieval of multimodal representations of the contents of an event.

Dissociation Between Recall and Recognition Memory Performance in an Amnesic Patient with Hippocampal Damage Following Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Neurocase ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Bastin ◽  
Martial Van der Linden ◽  
Annik Charnallet ◽  
Christine Denby ◽  
Daniela Montaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Amnesic Patient ◽  
Hippocampal Damage ◽  
Recognition Memory Performance

scholarly journals Anticholinergic Amnesia is Mediated by Alterations in Human Network Connectivity Architecture

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 3445-3456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmeer P Chhatwal ◽  
Aaron P Schultz ◽  
Trey Hedden ◽  
Brendon P Boot ◽  
Sarah Wigman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Anticholinergic Drug ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Anticholinergic Drugs ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Clinically Normal

Abstract Disrupted cholinergic neurotransmission plays a central role in Alzheimer’s disease, medication-induced memory impairment, and delirium. At the systems level, this suggests anticholinergic drugs may alter the activity and interplay of anatomically distributed neural networks critical for memory function. Using a network-sensitive imaging technique (functional connectivity MRI) and a double-blind, crossover design, we examined the consequences of anticholinergic drug administration on episodic memory and functional network architecture in a group of clinically normal elderly. We observed that low-dose scopolamine (0.2 mg IV) decreased episodic memory performance and selectively decreased connectivity strength in 3 of 7 cortical networks. Both memory and connectivity effects were independent of β-amyloid burden. Drug-induced connectivity changes within the Default and Salience networks, as well as reductions in the strength of anticorrelation between these 2 networks, were sufficient to fully statistically mediate the effects of scopolamine on memory performance. These results provide experimental support for the importance of the Default and Salience networks to memory performance and suggest scopolamine-induced amnesia is underpinned by disrupted connectivity within and between these 2 networks. More broadly, these results support the potential utility of fcMRI as tool examine the systems-level pharmacology of psychoactive drugs.

Hemisphere-specific Episodic Memory Networks in the Human Brain: A Correlation Study between Intracarotid Amobarbital Test and [18F]FDG-PET

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nozomi Akanuma ◽  
Laurence J. Reed ◽  
Paul K. Marsden ◽  
Jozeph Jarosz ◽  
Naoto Adachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intracarotid Amobarbital Test

The purpose of the present study was to explore the brain regions involved in human episodic memory by correlating unilateral memory performance estimated by the intracarotid amobarbital test (IAT) and interictal cerebral metabolism measured by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([18F]FDG-PET). Using this method, regional alterations of cerebral metabolism associated with epilepsy pathophysiology are used to predict hemisphere-specific episodic memory function, hence, investigate the differential distribution of memory in each hemisphere. Sixty-two patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (35 left and 27 right) were studied using [18F]FDG-PET with complementary voxel-based statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and region-of-interest (ROI) methods of analysis. Positive regression was analyzed in SPM with a series of different thresholds (p = .001, .01 or .05) with a correction to 100 voxels. IAT memory performance in which left hemisphere was tested by right-sided injection of amobarbital correlated with [18F]FDG uptake in left lateral and medial temporal regions, and in the left ventrolateral frontal cortex. Right IAT memory performance correlated with [18F]FDG uptake in the right inferior parietal lobule, right dorsolateral frontal cortex, right precentral gyrus, and caudal portion of the right anterior cingulate cortex. ROI analysis corroborated these results. Analyses carried out separately in patients with left (n = 50) and nonleft (n = 12) dominance for language showed that in the nonleft dominant group, right IAT scores correlated with right fronto-temporal regions, whereas left total memory scores correlated with left lateral and medial temporal regions. The findings indicate that (i) episodic memory is subserved by more widespread cortical regions beyond the core mesiotemporal lobe memory structures; (ii) there are different networks functional in the two hemispheres; and (iii) areas involved in memory may be different between patients with left and nonleft dominance for language, particularly in the right hemisphere.

Hippocampal atrophy in relapsing-remitting and primary progressive MS: a comparative study

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1083-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
VM Anderson ◽  
LK Fisniku ◽  
Z. Khaleeli ◽  
MM Summers ◽  
SA Penny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Hippocampal Atrophy ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
Recall Memory ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
With Memory

Background: In multiple sclerosis (MS), demyelination and neuroaxonal damage are seen in the hippocampus, and MRI has revealed hippocampal atrophy. Objectives: To investigate and compare hippocampal volume loss in patients with relapsing—remitting MS (RRMS) and primary progressive MS (PPMS) using manual volumetry, and explore its association with memory dysfunction. Methods: Hippocampi were manually delineated on volumetric MRI of 34 patients with RRMS, 23 patients with PPMS and 18 controls. Patients underwent neuropsychological tests of verbal and visuospatial recall memory. Linear regression was used to compare hippocampal volumes between subject groups, and to assess the association with memory function. Results: Hippocampal volumes were smaller in MS patients compared with controls, and were similar in patients with RRMS and PPMS. The mean decrease in hippocampal volume in MS patients was 317 mm3 (9.4%; 95% CI 86 to 549; p = 0.008) on the right and 284 mm3 (8.9%; 95% CI 61 to 508; p = 0.013) on the left. A borderline association of hippocampal volume with memory performance was observed only in patients with PPMS. Conclusion: Hippocampal atrophy occurs in patients with RRMS and PPMS. Factors additional to hippocampal atrophy may impact on memory performance.

scholarly journals Oxygen: The Rate-Limiting Factor for Episodic Memory Performance, Even in Healthy Young Individuals

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1328
Author(s):  
Gil Suzin ◽  
Tom Halpert Frolinger ◽  
Dror Yogev ◽  
Amir Hadanny ◽  
Merav Catalogna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Physical Capability ◽  
Sham Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Rate Limiting

Cognition is a crucial element of human functionality. Like any other physical capability, cognition is both enabled and limited by tissue biology. The aim of this study was to investigate whether oxygen is a rate-limiting factor for any of the main cognitive domains in healthy young individuals. Fifty-six subjects were randomly assigned to either increased oxygen supply using hyperbaric oxygen (two atmospheres of 100% oxygen) or to a “sham” treatment (a simulation of increased pressure in a chamber with normal air). While in the chamber, participants went through a battery of tests evaluating the major cognitive domains including information processing speed, episodic memory, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and attention. The results demonstrated that from all evaluated cognitive domains, a statistically significant improvement was found in the episodic memory of the hyper-oxygenized group. The hyper-oxygenized group demonstrated a better learning curve and a higher resilience to interference. To conclude, oxygen delivery is a rate-limiting factor for memory function even in healthy young individuals under normal conditions. Understanding the biological limitations of our cognitive functions is important for future development of interventional tools that can be used in daily clinical practice.

Neuropsychological Profiles of Older Adults with Superior versus Average Episodic Memory: The Northwestern “SuperAger” Cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Amanda Cook Maher ◽  
Beth Makowski-Woidan ◽  
Alan Kuang ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Sandra Weintraub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Objective: SuperAgers are adults over the age of 80 with superior episodic memory performance and at least average-for-age performance in non-episodic memory domains. This study further characterized the neuropsychological profile of SuperAgers compared to average-for-age episodic memory peers to determine potential cognitive mechanisms contributing to their superior episodic memory performance. Method: Retrospective analysis of neuropsychological test data from 56 SuperAgers and 23 similar-age peers with average episodic memory was conducted. Independent sample t-tests evaluated between-group differences in neuropsychological scores. Multiple linear regression determined the influence of non-episodic memory function on episodic memory scores across participants. Results: As a group, SuperAgers had better scores than their average memory peers on measures of attention, working memory, naming, and speeded set shifting. Scores on tests of processing speed, visuospatial function, verbal fluency, response inhibition, and abstract reasoning did not differ. On an individual level, there was variability among SuperAgers with regard to non-episodic memory performance, with some performing above average-for-age across cognitive domains while others performed in the average-for-age range on non-memory tests. Across all participants, attention and executive function scores explained 20.4% of the variance in episodic memory scores. Conclusions: As a group, SuperAgers outperformed their average memory peers in multiple cognitive domains, however, there was considerable intragroup variability suggesting that SuperAgers’ episodic memory strength is not simply related to globally superior cognitive functioning. Attention and executive function performance explained approximately one-fifth of the variance in episodic memory and maybe areas to target with cognitive interventions.

scholarly journals Integrity of white matter structure is related to episodic memory performance in the low-educated elderly

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 778-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa de Paula França Resende ◽  
Fernanda Freire Tovar-Moll ◽  
Fernanda Meireles Ferreira ◽  
Ivanei Bramati ◽  
Leonardo Cruz de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cognitive Screening ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Low Educated ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT The low-educated elderly are a vulnerable population in whom studying the role of white matter integrity on memory may provide insights for understanding how memory declines with aging and disease. Methods: Thirty-one participants (22 women), 23 cognitively healthy and eight with cognitive impairment-no dementia, aged 80.4 ± 3.8 years, with 2.2 ± 1.9 years of education, underwent an MRI scan with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) acquisition. We verified if there were correlations between the performance on the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB) and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) with DTI parameters. Results: The BCSB delayed recall task correlated with frontotemporoparietal connection bundles, with the hippocampal part of the cingulum bilaterally and with the right superior longitudinal fasciculus. The RAVLT learning and delayed recall scores also correlated with the hippocampal part of the cingulum bilaterally. Conclusions: Although preliminary, our study suggests that the integrity of white matter frontotemporoparietal fasciculi seems to play a role in episodic memory performance in the low-educated elderly. This finding opens opportunities to study potential targets for memory decline prevention in vulnerable populations.

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