Toward a Formalization of Emergence

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleš Kubí
Keyword(s):  
Multiagent Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Basic Type ◽  
Formal Definition ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Model Design ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Grammar Systems ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Complex Phenomena

Emergence is a concept widely used in the sciences, the arts, and engineering. Some effort has been made to formalize it, but it is used in various contexts with different meanings, and a unified theory of emergence is still distant. The ultimate goal of a theory of emergence should include using emergence to model, design, or predict the behavior of multiagent systems. The author proposes a formal definition of a basic type of emergence using a language-theoretic and grammar systems approach. It is shown which types of phenomena can be modeled in this sense and what the consequences are for other more complex phenomena.

A Systemic Approach for the Formalization of the Information Systems Concept

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Mora ◽  
Ovsei Gelman ◽  
Francisco Cervantes ◽  
Marcelo MejIa ◽  
Alfredo Weitzenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Formal Definition ◽  
Problematic Situation ◽  
Knowledge Resources ◽  
Concept System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Definition Of

In the new economic context, based on Information and Knowledge resources, the concepts of Information Systems and Information Technology (IS&IT) are fundamental to understand the organizational and managerial process in all levels: strategic, tactic and operational. From an academic and practitioner perspective, we pose that the correct use of the concept of IS&IT, and in specific of Information Systems, is critical. First ones need to study the same object and second ones need to use the same common conceptual knowledge about what are Information Systems. Nevertheless, uniquely informal and semiformal definitions of Information Systems have been reported in the literature and thus a formal definition based on core systemic foundations is missing. For these reasons, the conceptualization and formal definition of what are Information Systems acquires a relevant research and praxis status. This chapter addresses this problematic situation posing a formal definition of the term Information Systems based on core theoretical principles of the Systems Approach. For that, we firstly review the foundations of Systems Approach to establish the basis for our conceptual development. Then, an updated formal definition of the core concept System originally developed by Gelman and Garcia (1989) and that incorporates new insights from other systemic researchers is presented. With these theoretical bases, we proceed to review the contributions and limitations of main informal and semiformal definitions of the term Information Systems reported at the literature. Then the new formal definition of this term is developed using the updated formal definition of the term System. We continue with a discussion of how the definition posed formalizes systemic concepts of previous definitions, of how these are partial cases of the new definition and of how it can be used to model and study Information Systems in organizations. Finally, we conclude with main remarks and implications of this definition and with directions for further research.

Eco-Grammar Systems: A Grammatical Framework for Studying Lifelike Interactions

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Csuhaj-Varjú ◽  
Jozef Kelemen ◽  
Alica Kelemenová ◽  
Gheorghe Păun
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Life ◽  
Robotic Systems ◽  
Formal Definition ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Grammar System ◽  
Formal Framework ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Grammar Systems ◽  
Definition Of

A formal framework for studying systems made up of a community of agents and their environment is proposed. The suggested model, technically based on the theory of formal grammars and called an eco-grammar system, captures some common features of ecological, economic, social, and collective robotic systems. The article contains an informal presentation as well as the formal definition of the model, presents some properties of variants of eco-grammar systems, and discusses the emergence of important lifelike features such as birth and death. Emphasis is put on results with relevance for artificial life. Some recent developments are also briefly reported.

Determining the discount rate when evaluating trade organizations: Some features

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
E.A. Grigor'eva ◽  
A.S. Buzhikeeva
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Subject. This article deals with the issues of determining the market value of the trading business, taking into account a number of characteristics. Objectives. The article aims to develop certain provisions of the methodology and practice of evaluating the business of trading organizations, namely, taking into account the additional risk of inventory feasibility when calculating the discount rate. Methods. For the study, we used a systems approach, and the cognition, and economic and analytical research methods. Results. The article presents a three-tiered classification of stocks and a definition of risk based on the criteria for dividing stocks by purpose, degree of implementation, and shelf life in accordance with the scale. Based on the classification, the article offers certain recommendations for determining the discount rate when evaluating trading organizations, aimed at taking into account additional risk. Conclusions. Various evaluation procedures within the framework of traditional approaches and methods in relation to trading organizations do not take into account risk specific to this type of economic activity. The proposed methodology for calculating the discount rate for trade organizations takes into account the features of their functioning.

scholarly journals Students’ Understanding on Formal Definition of Limit

2021 ◽  
Vol 1752 (1) ◽  
pp. 012082
Author(s):  
Nurdin ◽  
S F Assagaf ◽  
F Arwadi
Keyword(s):  
Formal Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Diagnosis Rule Discovery Based on Causality in the Context of Fault Diagnosis in Rotating Machinery

2014 ◽  
Vol 532 ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Zhou Jin ◽  
Ru Jing Wang ◽  
Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Rotating Machinery ◽  
Massive Data ◽  
Formal Definition ◽  
Rule Discovery ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Simple Implementation ◽  
Definition Of

The rotating machineries in a factory usually have the characteristics of complex structure and highly automated logic, which generated a large amounts of monitoring data. It is an infeasible task for uses to deal with the massive data and locate fault timely. In this paper, we explore the causality between symptom and fault in the context of fault diagnosis in rotating machinery. We introduce data mining into fault diagnosis and provide a formal definition of causal diagnosis rule based on statistic test. A general framework for diagnosis rule discovery based on causality is provided and a simple implementation is explored with the purpose of providing some enlightenment to the application of causality discovery in fault diagnosis of rotating machinery.

scholarly journals Time to Harmonize Dengue Nomenclature and Classification

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lize Cuypers ◽  
Pieter Libin ◽  
Peter Simmonds ◽  
Ann Nowé ◽  
Jorge Muñoz-Jordán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Formal Definition ◽  
Classification Procedure ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Dengue virus (DENV) is estimated to cause 390 million infections per year worldwide. A quarter of these infections manifest clinically and are associated with a morbidity and mortality that put a significant burden on the affected regions. Reports of increased frequency, intensity, and extended geographical range of outbreaks highlight the virus’s ongoing global spread. Persistent transmission in endemic areas and the emergence in territories formerly devoid of transmission have shaped DENV’s current genetic diversity and divergence. This genetic layout is hierarchically organized in serotypes, genotypes, and sub-genotypic clades. While serotypes are well defined, the genotype nomenclature and classification system lack consistency, which complicates a broader analysis of their clinical and epidemiological characteristics. We identify five key challenges: (1) Currently, there is no formal definition of a DENV genotype; (2) Two different nomenclature systems are used in parallel, which causes significant confusion; (3) A standardized classification procedure is lacking so far; (4) No formal definition of sub-genotypic clades is in place; (5) There is no consensus on how to report antigenic diversity. Therefore, we believe that the time is right to re-evaluate DENV genetic diversity in an essential effort to provide harmonization across DENV studies.

Concepts of Augmented Image Space and Transformed Feature Space for Efficient Visual Servoing of an “Eye-in-Hand Robot”

Robotica ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Jang ◽  
Kyungjin Kim ◽  
Myungjin Chung ◽  
Zeungnam Bien
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Visual Servoing ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Robot Vision ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Image Space ◽  
Formal Definition ◽  
Computational Burden ◽  
Definition Of

SUMMARYFor efficient visual servoing of an “eye-in-hand” robot, the concepts of Augmented Image Space and Transformed Feature Space are presented in the paper. A formal definition of image features as functionals is given along with a technique to use defined image features for visual servoing. Compared with other known methods, the proposed concepts reduce the computational burden for visual feedback, and enhance the flexibility in describing the vision-based task. Simulations and real experiments demonstrate that the proposed concepts are useful and versatile tools for the industrial robot vision tasks, and thus the visual servoing problem can be dealt with more systematically.

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