Determining the discount rate when evaluating trade organizations: Some features

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
E.A. Grigor'eva ◽  
A.S. Buzhikeeva
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Subject. This article deals with the issues of determining the market value of the trading business, taking into account a number of characteristics. Objectives. The article aims to develop certain provisions of the methodology and practice of evaluating the business of trading organizations, namely, taking into account the additional risk of inventory feasibility when calculating the discount rate. Methods. For the study, we used a systems approach, and the cognition, and economic and analytical research methods. Results. The article presents a three-tiered classification of stocks and a definition of risk based on the criteria for dividing stocks by purpose, degree of implementation, and shelf life in accordance with the scale. Based on the classification, the article offers certain recommendations for determining the discount rate when evaluating trading organizations, aimed at taking into account additional risk. Conclusions. Various evaluation procedures within the framework of traditional approaches and methods in relation to trading organizations do not take into account risk specific to this type of economic activity. The proposed methodology for calculating the discount rate for trade organizations takes into account the features of their functioning.

Specifics of determining the discount rate in the machine-building enterprise valuation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-182
Author(s):  
E.A. Grigor'eva
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Enterprise Valuation ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Engineering Organizations ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Building Enterprises

Subject. Currently, there is an increasing need to determine the market value of organizations. Machine-building enterprises have a number of special features that must be taken into account when evaluating the business. Objectives. The focus is on developing certain provisions of methodology and practice for evaluating engineering organizations, namely, the assessment of additional risk of inventory items’ marketability when calculating the discount rate. Methods. The study employs the dialectical method of cognition, the systems approach, economic and analytical research methods. Results. I analyzed the specifics of marketability of inventory items of engineering enterprises and risks related thereto. The paper offers a three-level classification of stock and its risk identification, taking into account the criteria for dividing the stock by purpose, liquidity, and inventory carrying costs in accordance with the included scale. Based on the classification, I developed recommendations for determining the discount rate when evaluating engineering organizations, aimed at additional risk assessment. Conclusions. Evaluation procedures within the framework of traditional approaches and methods applied to machine-building enterprises disregard the risks that are specific to this type of economic activity. The proposed methodology for calculating the discount rate for these organizations is tailored to the specifics of their operation.

scholarly journals PROPERTY IN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: CERTAIN PROBLEMS OF DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Rozhenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Process Approach ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Specific Category ◽  
Category Property ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Management Functions

The article examines the definition of the term «property» in management sphere, analyses the existing definitions of the term «property» in management sphere. On this basis, the different approaches are identified and a process approach to the interpretation of a specific category is proposed. Regarding the classification of the types of property and sources of its formation, the use of terms and concepts that have expired in the legislation has been established. It is proposed to eliminate the identified differences and contradictions in the interpretation of the terms of legal regulation of property relations in management sphere in Ukraine in view of the types of property and sources of its formation. The definition of the category «property» in management sphere, which is available in current legislation and modern scientific sources, is considered. The approaches to the definition of the term «property» in management sphere are singled out, namely: property is things, assets, property of a certain type, classification-based approach and combined approach. The definition of the essence of the term «property» in management sphere is proposed to be considered according to the process approach, which is initially considered resources, which later acquire the characteristics of assets and further property. The differences and ramifications in the classification types of property under the current legislation are analysed, the ways of their elimination are offered, which will lead to the increase of efficiency of the use of the created property of the economic entity. According to the process approach, which assumes that a certain set of resources acquires the characteristics of assets, which, in turn, are part of the property of a particular entity. A distinctive feature of the proposed approach is that the property in management sphere is defined as a set of assets that are formed through a number of resources. The use of the provided proposals and elimination of identified contradictions in the classification of property types and sources of its formation will promote the intensification of various management functions of economic activity in the part of implementing economic mechanisms and regulators to optimize property formation and increase of its efficiency.

scholarly journals On the classification of threats to the economic security of an enterprise in modern conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Ivan Rykov
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
Traditional Approaches

The article considers the existing views on the definition, elements of economic security of an enterprise, as well as typification features used in solving problems of classification of factors threatening it. The author systematizes traditional approaches to the definition of the term "economic security of an enterprise" and proposes a dualistic model of its description, in which it is presented not only as a desired state of protection of an entity engaged in entrepreneurial activity from the negative impact of external and internal factors, but also as a complex of controlled and continuous adaptation processes occurring within the enterprise in order to ensure its adaptation to changing conditions. It is also concluded here that threats to economic security that cannot be neutralized in most cases can be detected in a timely manner, which is especially important given the need to minimize negative consequences for the enterprise arising as a result of their action. As the main direction of further research in the field of classification of threats to the economic security of the enterprise, the search for correspondences between each of the types of threats to economic security and the methods by which the enterprise can effectively adapt to such threats is proposed.

scholarly journals Analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches to determining the concept of "customs regimes"

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (99) ◽  
pp. 361-372
Author(s):  
S. Iu. Sokoliuk ◽  
◽  
O. S. Tupchiу ◽  
O. V. Zharun
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
National Industry ◽  
Definition Of

The article analyzes the concept of "customs regime", characteristic features are formulated, main elements, goals and functions of customs regimes in the development of foreign economic relations. The classical classification of customs regimes under the Customs Code of Ukraine is substantiated. Based on the analysis, a position on the study concept is substantiated, the interpretation of the category "Customs regimes" is provided. The conducted research confirms that under the customs regime, we understand the set of customs procedures that establish the rules for moving goods through the customs border of Ukraine and their further use in order to ensure the interests of the state in the customs sphere. The functions of customs regimes are analyzed: fiscal, which finds its implementation in the collection of customs payments in order to ensure the financial interests of the state in foreign economic activity; stimulating, implemented by exempt from customs taxation and the use of non-tariff regulation, simplification of customs procedures in order to stimulate subjects of foreign economic activity, promoting the development of a national economy, etc.; protective, which involves the use of non-tariff regulatory measures and aims to protect the economic and other national interests of the state by introducing a licensing, quota and other non-tariff restrictions when placing goods in customs regimes; control - aimed at ensuring compliance with the norms of the current legislation of Ukraine in the customs sphere, which is implemented through specific methods and forms inherent in control in the field of public administration; the regulatory, purpose of which is to regulate the order of action when placing the goods in the customs regime associated with the direction of movement of goods through the customs border, the definition of the status of goods and operations with it, etc. According to the results of generalization, the study is substantiated by the classification of customs regimes, which includes: a) the main (import (issue for free circulation) and export) as customs regimes aimed at ensuring the state's financial interests in foreign economic activity; protection of its economic and other national interests; b) preferential customs regimes (transit, customs warehouse, free customs zone, temporary import of goods to customs territory and exports at its boundaries, processing in customs territory and abroad), the purpose of applying which is to stimulate the subjects of foreign economic activity of the state, development of the national industry, promoting international trade, economic relations and relationships in the humanitarian sphere; c) special customs regimes (Repimport, re-export, duty-free trade, destruction or destruction and refusal of the state) that are not provided for by the European Union's customs law and in its essence or are auxiliary, or such that define certain signs of goods.

Modern aspects of law-economic regulations of service classification and identification for unshadowing the economy of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-130
Author(s):  
Maryana Melnyk ◽  
Ivan Zalutskyy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Potential Basis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Economic Regulations

The article deals with the modern aspects of “shadowing” economy as socio-economic fact. The definition of “shadowing economy” is revealed not to be regulated by the legislative acts of Ukraine. Retrospective analysis of the legal regulation of the term “service” proves a diversity of modern interpretation of this category in the legal documents of Ukraine. Currently, the essence of the term “commerce service” is not regulated by any document. The results of the official integrated estimation of the size of the shadow economy do not show its real state and development tendencies by the types of economic activity differentiated according to the specific areas and types of services. The absence of a clear definition of the object of procurement, primarily the service sector, which leads to manipulation and inefficient use of funds is established to be one of the main factors determining the corruption risks in the system of public and sub-procurement. Nowadays, the State Classifier of Products and Services DK 016:2010 (SCPS) defined as the potential basis for industrial classification of products/services is a systematized summary of product names and services with their coding according to the hierarchical system of classification. The peculiarities and problems of implementing SCPS and the other classifications in the service sector are analyzed. The article proves that the State Statistics Service of Ukraine ignores methodologically SCPS as the ground for statistical classifications named “base for classifier conflicts” under stagnation of the national classification system, which preserves the risks of increased ‘shadowing’ in accounting and procurement and blocks the potentially transparent commercialization of services and their cumulative impact on socio-economic growth by different types of economic activity. The paper suggests the range of elements to be defined as integral elements of the legislative mechanism for the economy unshadowing in the service sector.

scholarly journals Beyond model fitting SEDs

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S284) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Ignacio Ferreras
Keyword(s):  
Line Strength ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Sloan Digital Sky Survey ◽  
Spectral Fitting ◽  
Sky Survey ◽  
Fitting Procedures ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Star Formation Histories

AbstractExtracting star formation histories from spectra is a process plagued by numerous degeneracies among the parameters that contribute to the definition of the underlying stellar populations. Traditional approaches to overcome such degeneracies involve carefully defined line strength or spectral fitting procedures. However, all these methods rely on comparisons with population synthesis models. This paper illustrates alternative approaches based on the statistical properties of the information that can be extracted from uniformly selected samples of observed spectra, without any prior reference to modelling. Such methods are more useful with large datasets, such as surveys, where the information from thousands of spectra can be exploited to classify galaxies. An illustrative example is presented on the classification of early-type galaxies with optical spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.

scholarly journals Economic effectiveness of the organization’s economic activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 03015
Author(s):  
Anton Chepulaynis ◽  
Svetlana Boronenkova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Effectiveness ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Growth Indicators

The article examines the theoretical aspects of the economic effectiveness of the organization’s economic activity, presents the author’s definition of the concept. To reveal the essence of economic effectiveness, a systematization and classification of types of effectiveness are given. For each type of effectiveness, specific desired ratios and growth indicators (drivers) are indicated, which ensures the continuity and sustainable development of the business in the future.

scholarly journals Business in the mirror of sociological theorization

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Alina Hots
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Business Size ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Form Type ◽  
Business Purpose

The article emphasizes the importance of researching the definition of "business" in a sociological perspective, its theoretical disclosure and analysis. Business is a significant engine of the economy of any country, from the provision of jobs to the coverage of the demand of the population in certain goods and services, which causes the relevance of scientific research of the concept. Due to theoretical analysis and analysis of statistical data, empirical research data, business is revealed in the light of sociological theorization. The article emphasizes the proximity of the concepts of "business" and "entrepreneurship" in scientific discourse. The influence of scientists in the formation, implementation and deepening of the term was evaluated. Based on this, special attention is paid to the delimelation of the concepts of "entrepreneurship" and "business", where three points of view developed in scientific discourse are revealed. This is a complete definition of concepts and their distinction (in one case, business is considered as a broader concept than entrepreneurship, and in the other – vice versa). In sociology, it is customary to separate these concepts, and consider business as a more meaningful concept. It was established that business is an organized business with a more predictable profit, and entrepreneurship is an activity associated with risk. Business entities, business purpose, functions (latent and explicit) are distinguished, which indicates a certain structure of the concept. It has been found that today there is a wide classification of business according to various criteria, such as business size, ownership form, type of economic activity. Focus on size criteria above all. Small, medium and large businesses are distinguished, statistical and sociological data on these types and their distribution in the country are presented. It was established that business is considered as a social institution in sociology, its institutional character is shown. It was found out that business is a multidiscipnomal economic activity, a social institution of society aimed at obtaining projected profits through the creation and sale of certain products or services.

scholarly journals Housing Concept and Analysis of Housing Classification

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inita Henilane
Keyword(s):  
Housing Policy ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Housing is one of the most important life components giving shelter, safety and warmth, as well as providing a place to rest. There is a lack of unified definition for housing concept in Latvia. The aim of the study is to define the housing concept in general in Latvia and develop proposals for the classification of housing. Principal objectives are to describe and analyse the concept of “housing” and to develop the definition of housing concept in general that could be used in housing policy in Latvia for developing housing classification and analysing the aims of the housing policy. Analytical research method and comparative research method was used. The results and principal conclusions are: The developed definition of the term “housing” and the housing classification could be used in developing and implementing the housing policy as well as for statistics in Latvia and in other EU countries.

Development and Evaluation of Fuzzy Criteria for the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-P. Adlassnig ◽  
G. Kolarz ◽  
H. Leitich
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
American Rheumatism Association ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
Sensitivity Rate ◽  
Fuzzy Techniques ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Specificity Rate

Abstract:In 1987, the American Rheumatism Association issued a set of criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to provide a uniform definition of RA patients. Fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic were used to transform this set of criteria into a diagnostic tool that offers diagnoses at different levels of confidence: a definite level, which was consistent with the original criteria definition, as well as several possible and superdefinite levels. Two fuzzy models and a reference model which provided results at a definite level only were applied to 292 clinical cases from a hospital for rheumatic diseases. At the definite level, all models yielded a sensitivity rate of 72.6% and a specificity rate of 87.0%. Sensitivity and specificity rates at the possible levels ranged from 73.3% to 85.6% and from 83.6% to 87.0%. At the superdefinite levels, sensitivity rates ranged from 39.0% to 63.7% and specificity rates from 90.4% to 95.2%. Fuzzy techniques were helpful to add flexibility to preexisting diagnostic criteria in order to obtain diagnoses at the desired level of confidence.

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