World-Size Global Markets Lead to Economic Instability

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoram Louzoun ◽  
Sorin Solomon ◽  
Jacob Goldenberg ◽  
David Mazursky
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Human History ◽  
Cultural Globalization ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Instability ◽  
The World

Economic and cultural globalization is one of the most important processes humankind has been undergoing lately. This process is assumed to be leading the world into a wealthy society with a better life. However, the current trend of globalization is not unprecedented in human history, and has had some severe consequences in the past. By applying a quantitative analysis through a microscopic representation we show that globalization, besides being unfair (with respect to wealth distribution), is also unstable and potentially dangerous as one event may lead to a collapse of the system. It is proposed that the optimal solution in controlling the unwanted aspects and enhancing the advantageous ones lies in limiting competition to large subregions, rather than making it worldwide.

The Oxford Handbook of Sports History

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Educators ◽  
Human History ◽  
Sports History ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
The Past ◽  
Civilizing Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Excellent Work ◽  
Turn Over ◽  
Cultural Turn

Orwell was wrong. Sports are not “war without the shooting,” nor are they “war by other means.” Although sports have generated animosity throughout human history, they also require rules. Those rules limit violence, even death. Thus sports have been a significant part of a historical “civilizing process.” As the historical profession has taken its cultural turn over the past few decades, scholars have turned their attention to a subject once seen as marginal. As researchers have come to understand the centrality of the human body in human history, they have come to study this most corporeal of human activities. Taking early cues from physical educators and kinesiologists, historians have explored sports in all their forms. There has been a veritable explosion of excellent work on this subject, just as sports have assumed an even greater share of a globalizing world’s cultural, political, and economic space. Practiced by millions and watched by billions, sports provide an enormous share of content on the Internet. This volume combines the efforts of sports historians with essays by historians whose careers have been devoted to more traditional topics. It shows how sports have evolved from ancient societies to the world today. The goal is to introduce those from outside this subfield to this burgeoning body of scholarship as well as show those who may want to study sport with rigor and nuance how to embark on a rewarding journey and tackle profound matters that have affected and will continue to affect all of humankind.

Killing Others

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Lange
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Ethnic Violence ◽  
Human History ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Powerful Explanation ◽  
Mind Set

This book explores why humans ruthlessly attack and kill people from other ethnic communities. Drawing on an array of cases from around the world and insight from a variety of disciplines, the book provides a simple yet powerful explanation that pinpoints the influential role of modernity in the growing global prevalence of ethnic violence over the past 200 years. It offers evidence that a modern ethnic mind-set is the ultimate and most influential cause of ethnic violence. Throughout most of human history, people perceived and valued small sets of known acquaintances and did not identify with ethnicities. Through education, state policy, and other means, modernity ultimately created broad ethnic consciousnesses that led to emotional prejudice, whereby people focus negative emotions on entire ethnic categories, and ethnic obligation, which pushes people to attack Others for the sake of their ethnicity. Modern social transformations also provided a variety of organizational resources that put these motives into action, thereby allowing ethnic violence to emerge as a modern menace. Yet modernity takes many forms and is not constant, and past trends in ethnic violence are presently transforming. Over the past seventy years, the earliest modernizers have transformed from champions of ethnic violence into leaders of intercommunal peace, and this book offers evidence that the emergence of robust rights-based democracy—in combination with effective states and economic development—weakened the motives and resources that commonly promote ethnic violence.

初探雙層股權結構於我國之運用－－以複數表決權特別股為中心

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 71-122
Author(s):  
廖秀芯 廖秀芯
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Voting Rights ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Corporations ◽  
Corporation Law ◽  
The World ◽  
Close Corporation ◽  
Voting Right

過去我國實務見解始終否認公司得發行複數表決權特別股，2015年公司法正式引進閉鎖性公司專節後，方承認閉鎖性公司得發行複數表決權特別股，更進一步，2018年修法時放寬至非公開發行之一般股份有限公司均得適用，逐步提供閉鎖性公司及非公開發行公司股權規劃上有更彈性的空間，以符合現今鬆綁管制之國際趨勢，並有利於新創事業籌集資金。本文首先介紹我國特別股規定之演進過程，並討論增訂複數表決權規定後於公司法後將發生之問題，進而介紹美國法相關制度之運作及公司實務之作法作為借鏡，最後歸納數項修正方向建議，以其複數表決制度之適用能更加完備。In the past, the opinions of the courts in Taiwan have always denied that the corporations could issue multiple voting rights shares. Until 2015, the Corporation Law in Taiwan finally amended to include “Close Corporation Section”, it was acknowledged close corporations could issue multiple voting right shares. Moreover, the rules applied to non-public corporations after the amendment of the Corporation Law in 2018, gradually providing more flexible space for the equity planning in close corporations and non-public corporations. The amendment of multiple voting right shares is also in line with the current trend of the world to ease restrictions. The article first introduces the evolution of the rules of preferred stocks, and discussed the problems that may occur after the amendment of multiple voting right shares. Furthermore, it would make a thorough inquiry into the practice of multiple voting right shares in America to conclude some suggestions for the legal system in Taiwan.

scholarly journals Stumbling upon places and cultures: An involuntary ethnography in researching the Australian ‘ndrangheta

2021 ◽  
pp. 263380762110406
Author(s):  
Anna Sergi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In ◽  
Global Reach

In the past decade, the attention to the Calabrian mafia, the ‘ndrangheta, has been rekindled everywhere in the world. On the one hand, Italian attention to the phenomenon has increased; on the other hand, the mobility of the Calabrian clans has been the object of scrutiny in view of the clan’s wealth and ability to commit transnational criminal activities. This has also fed the presumption that (alleged) offenders of Calabrian origins around the world must belong to, and replicate the structure of, the ‘ndrangheta clans, also down under. This contribution will be a reflection on the difficulties and the complexities of a journey into researching the ‘ndrangheta in Australia from a criminological–anthropological perspective, in consideration of—but in contrast with—the mythical figures associated with the Calabrian mafia and its illicit global markets. Some of the difficulties, as well as some of the mistakes that I have made in this research, because of the involuntary (and disorganized) nature of the ethnography, directly question the narrative of the illegal global reach of this mafia and provide methodological reflections and lessons for criminological ethnographies.

Sport Sponsorship as a Promotional Tool: Special Focus in Albania Business-to-Business (B2B) Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Macit Koc
Keyword(s):  
Global Markets ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Sport Sponsorship ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
Football Team ◽  
The World ◽  
Business To Business

Abstract Purpose of the article The purpose of this article is to determine whether Sport Sponsorship was utilized by some Albanian companies as a promotional tool in their marketing efforts. Since the world included low population with limited goods and products in the past, the marketing and selling of the products were very simple. As the population grew and economies started thriving more diverse products and attractive products and goods were represented with a higher quantity in the global markets. Albania was not an exception to this fact, especially in the fields of business to business marketing. The competition occurred between companies in an attempt to attract more customers for buying goods and services. Strategically located in Europe, an important part of business of sports “sport sponsorship” has become as important part of marketing communication mix for many companies in Albania today. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to provide better understanding of the use of a sport sponsorship as a communication tool in Albania and the objectives linked with this kind of sponsorship. Methodology/methods This is a qualitative study, although a quantitative method is used. Four companies were analyzed, from different industries, and two of them are supporting local football team, whereas two are/were sponsoring national ones. Initially surveys were distributed to four well-known companies in Albanian market; it was somehow difficult to gather the results of the surveys in terms of “locating the person to communicate with on behalf of the company”. However, this was easily overcome by contacting in advance.Conclusions In conclusion, the overall conclusion of this paper was that, in Albania companies sponsor because of the team’s media appearance and the objectives from a sport sponsorship are to increase sales and make people more aware of their brand and become accustomed to it.

scholarly journals Wilt Thou Be Lord of all the World? Modals and Persuasion in Shakespeare

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-30
Author(s):  
Minako Nakayasu
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World

ABSTRACTPersuasion is defined as human communication designed to influence the judgements and actions of others (Simons & Jones 2011). The purpose of this research is to analyse the discourse of persuasion in Shakespeare from the perspective of historical pragmatics (Jucker & Taavitsainen 2010), with particular attention to modals employed as part of the strategies. The modals under investigation are proximal and distal central modals, SHALL/SHOULD, WILL/WOULD, CAN/COULD, MAY/MIGHT, MUST, and the contracted form ’LL. The data for the present study is drawn from The Riverside Shakespeare (Evans 1997) and the concordance by Spevack (1968-1980). The corpus includes both cases where the persuasion attempt is successful and unsuccessful.After defining persuasion in comparison to speech acts, quantitative analysis reveals how frequently the persuader and the persuadee employ a modal regarding each type of modality and speech act. Further analysis shows in what manner the persuader and the persuadee interact with each other in discourse resorting to the following strategies: modality, proximal and distal meanings of the modal, speech act of each utterance including a modal, and use of the same modal or switching modals in interaction.This research thus clarifies how effectively speakers attempted to persuade others in interactions, shedding light on communication mechanisms in the past.

scholarly journals Is Kant among the Prophets? Hebrew Prophecy and German Historical Thought, 1880–1920

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-60
Author(s):  
Paul Michael Kurtz
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Human History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Literary Journals ◽  
The World ◽  
Pedagogical Literature ◽  
Historical Thought

AbstractThis article examines the interpretation of Hebrew prophecy by German Protestant scholars in the era of 1880–1920. It argues, first, that Old Testament interpreters valued the prophets since they presented God as the guiding force behind human history and, second, that these theologians cum philologians saw the prophetic conception of history as anticipating their own understanding of God in the world. The inquiry bases this argument on a reading of numerous exegetes, both leading lights and forgotten figures. Moreover, it traces this interpretative tendency across a range of sources, including specialist studies, theological monthlies, political and literary journals, popular works, public speeches, and pedagogical literature. Rather than leave the prophets in the past, these exegetes also ushered them into the present, employing their historical teachings to shore up the Christian faith. In doing so, they identified Hebrew prophecy with German Protestantism and in contrast to Judaism.

scholarly journals India: The Future Economic And Knowledge Super Power?

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
RamMohan R. Yallapragada ◽  
Alfred G. Toma ◽  
C. William Roe
Keyword(s):  
Direct Investment ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Steep Ascent ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Centralized Planning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
India And China

India and China are the only countries in the world having a population of over one billion each. Until the 1980s, their economies were among the poorest in the world. India has been the largest democracy since 1947 but heart-rending sights of extreme poverty can be seen even in the flourishing business capitals. There are no subways, very few highways which results in nightmarish tangle of traffic all the time. China has been under the communist rule since the revolution led by Mao Tse Tung in 1966 and still continues to be under the centralized communist rule. Both the countries operated under centralized planning and kept their economies closed to global markets. However, in the past two decades, the world is witnessing a strange miracle taking place in both the countries. In the early 1980s, first China and later, India, started opening their economies to foreign direct investment and began participating more and more in global trade. The world had never witnessed this rare phenomenon of two relatively poor countries that together consist of a third of the worlds population, simultaneously taking off on a steep ascent in their economies. During the past twenty years, China has been growing at a heady rate of over 9% a year and India has growing at over 6% per year. This miraculous and sustained growth of these two countries is being watched by the rest of the world with mixture of surprise and apprehension. At this rate, it is expected that, within the next two or three decades, India and China together would account for over half of the entire worlds output. This paper presents the several factors of the phenomenal development of the Indian economy and analyses the impact of continued rise in their prosperity on the global economy.

Bence-albee after 25 years: A new superior α-factor correction procedure for the quantitative analysis of oxides and silicates

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1744-1745
Author(s):  
John T. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Correction Procedure ◽  
Geological Samples ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Matrix ◽  
Computational Speed ◽  
Microprobe Data ◽  
Geological Sciences

One of the most cited papers in the geological sciences has been that of Albee and Bence on the use of empirical " α -factors" to correct quantitative electron microprobe data. During the past 25 years this method has remained the most commonly used correction for geological samples, despite the facts that few investigators have actually determined empirical α-factors, but instead employ tables of calculated α-factors using one of the conventional "ZAF" correction programs; a number of investigators have shown that the assumption that an α-factor is constant in binary systems where there are large matrix corrections is incorrect (e.g, 2-3); and the procedure’s desirability in terms of program size and computational speed is much less important today because of developments in computing capabilities. The question thus exists whether it is time to honorably retire the Bence-Albee procedure and turn to more modern, robust correction methods. This paper proposes that, although it is perhaps time to retire the original Bence-Albee procedure, it should be replaced by a similar method based on compositiondependent polynomial α-factor expressions.

A basic introduction to image processing using NIH-Image as a model

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 392-393
Author(s):  
John Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Digital Instrument ◽  
Novice User ◽  
Nih Image ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The World ◽  
Instrument Control

Advances in camera technology and digital instrument control have meant that in modern microscopy, the image that was, in the past, typically recorded on a piece of film is now recorded directly into a computer. The transfer of the analog image seen in the microscope to the digitized picture in the computer does not mean, however, that the problems associated with recording images, analyzing them, and preparing them for publication, have all miraculously been solved. The steps involved in the recording an image to film remain largely intact in the digital world. The image is recorded, prepared for measurement in some way, analyzed, and then prepared for presentation.Digital image acquisition schemes are largely the realm of the microscope manufacturers, however, there are also a multitude of “homemade” acquisition systems in microscope laboratories around the world. It is not the mission of this tutorial to deal with the various acquisition systems, but rather to introduce the novice user to rudimentary image processing and measurement.

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