Accomplishing Anticorruption: Propositions & Methods

Daedalus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I. Rotberg
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Critical Difference ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Ethical Universalism

The insidious practice of corruption cripples institutions, consumes communities, and cuts deeply into the very structure of people's lives. It destroys nations and saps their moral fiber. Corruption is invasive and unforgiving, degrading governance, distorting and criminalizing national priorities, and privileging acquisitive rent-seeking, patrimonial theft, and personal gains over concern for the commonweal. It also costs an estimated $1 trillion annually - roughly a loss of 2 percent of global GDP - and disproportionally affects the most needy countries and their peoples. This opening essay shows that these baleful results need not occur: the battle against corrupt practices can be won, as it has been in several contemporary countries and throughout history. Ethical universalism can replace particularism. Since collective behavioral patterns and existing forms of political culture need to be altered, anticorruption endeavors must be guided from the apex of society. Consummate political will makes a critical difference. Anticorruption successes are hard-won and difficult to sustain. This essay and this special issue show what can and must be done.

Theories of Corruption “Public Choice-Extractive Theory” as Alternative for Combating Corruption

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-83
Author(s):  
Olusola Joshua Olujobi ◽  
Oluwatosin Michael Olujobi
Keyword(s):  
Public Choice ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
Petroleum Sector

Corruption is a recurrent decimal in Nigeria's upstream petroleum sector due to weak enforcement of anti-corruption and transparency laws. This sector is considered corrupt due to the rampant mismanagement of petroleum resources. The article analyses rent-seeking, public choice and extractive theories of corruption among others due to their impacts in combating corruption. It also queries other anti-corruption models that are relevant to this study to promote transparency and to strengthen national anti-corruption laws for combating corruption in the Nigeria's upstream petroleum sector. The study is a doctrinal legal research that adopts a point-by-point comparative approach with library research method. The study proposed a hybrid theory of corruption titled “Public Choice-Extractive Theory of Corruption” as an alternative perspective that will effectively combat corruption in the sector. In conclusion, the study finds that corruption strives on the weak enforcement of anti-corruption laws and lack of political will in providing effective regulatory intervention. The study recommends among other reforms, soft law approach and strict enforcement of anti-corruption laws for transparency in the upstream petroleum sector in Nigeria.

scholarly journals A Study of Economic, Cultural, and Political Causes of Police Corruption in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeem Malik ◽  
Tariq Abbas Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Political ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Police Corruption

Abstract There is a dearth of studies on police corruption that have analysed the correlation of economic, cultural, and political causes of police corruption in Pakistan; therefore, the existing studies fail to provide such a holistic picture of the phenomenon. This article aims to fill the gap. It is claimed that police corruption in Pakistan is a politicized, institutionalized, and a legitimized phenomenon. The police force entrenched in a kinship-based patron–client social and political culture benefits the political elite to use the police force for controlling the electorate and political opponents. The policy reforms for curbing police corruption have failed and cannot be successful without a strong political will of the political elite. This is a qualitative study using a purposive sampling method. The article will be a useful reference for readers, including police officials who are interested in understanding why corruption could not be effectively prevented and may have some broader relevance to other South Asian countries.

Combating corruption in six Asian countries: a comparative analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon S.T. Quah
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Different Levels

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare the experiences of the six Asian countries covered in this special issue and explain their different levels of effectiveness in combating corruption. Design/methodology/approach – This paper analyses the policy contexts in these countries, their perceived extent and causes of corruption, and evaluates the effectiveness of their anti-corruption agencies (ACAs). Findings – Brunei Darussalam is less corrupt because it is the smallest, least populated and richest country, without being embroiled in conflict compared to the other five larger countries, which are more populous but poorer and adversely affected by conflict. The Sultan’s political will in combating corruption is reflected in the better staffed and funded Anti-Corruption Bureau, which has prosecuted and convicted more corrupt offenders. By contrast, the lack of political will of the governments in the other five countries is manifested in their ineffective ACAs, which are not independent, lack capacity and resources, and are used against political opponents. Originality/value – This paper will be useful for those scholars, policy-makers and anti-corruption practitioners interested in how effective these six Asian countries are in combating corruption and the reasons for their different levels of effectiveness.

scholarly journals Language evolution research in the year 2020: A survey of new directions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Nölle ◽  
Stefan Hartmann ◽  
Peeter Tinits
Keyword(s):  
Language Evolution ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Integrative View ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Introductory Paper

This introductory paper reviews recent advances in language evolution research and summarizes the contributions of the special issue “New Directions in Language Evolution Research” in the broader context of these developments. Specifically, we discuss the increasing role of multimodality and iconicity, the more integrative view of language dynamics that has arguably broadened the scope of language evolution research, and recent methodological innovations that allow for a more fine-grained study of e.g. typological distributions or behavioral patterns that can give clues to some of the keyquestions discussed in the field.

Interrogating the Causes of Industrial Apathy in Gombe, North East Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Misbahu Sa’idu ◽  
Aminu Bakari Buba ◽  
Ahmed Usman
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
North East

This paper examined the factors and actors that coalesced to engender disinterest in the establishment and sustenance of manufacturing industries in Gombe State, North East geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The study adopted a historical method anchored on oral interviews with sixty (60) local manufacturers, and government officials across the eleven local government areas of Gombe state. Secondary sources in forms of published books, journal articles, Newsletters and Annual reports were also used. The result showed that lack of capital, epileptic electricity supply and weak political will constitute the major causes of industrial apathy in Gombe. Other factors include weak maintenance culture, lack of technical knowhow, longer gestation period in reaping the fruits of manufacturing, crisis of confidence and disdain for loans owing to interest attached to it. Finally, the study argues and recommends that prospects for reviving comatose industries and establishing new ones still exist in the study area. This ray of hope is informed by the emergence of participant political culture which could usher strong political will capable of harnessing the huge mineral endowments of the area. Another impetus added to this optimism is the Federal Government of Nigeria’s policy of economic diversification away from dependence on crude oil.

scholarly journals A Goan reading of the cultural impact of the Colonial Act: Introducing intellectuals and periodic press through the Anglo-Lusitano of July 7, 1934

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 119-153
Author(s):  
Adelaide Muralha Vieira Machado
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
The Political ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
Portuguese Empire ◽  
Intellectual Networks

The Portuguese colonial legislation summarized in the segregating measures of the Colonial Act of 1930, the year that inaugurated Salazar's dictatorship in Portugal after the 1926 military coup, had unavoidable consequences. Our goal is to demonstrate the importance of this political measure through the journalistic production of the Goan intellectuality, that is, the political culture that arose from the clash between the defenders of the regime and those who advocated solutions of freedom and democracy in autonomy or independence. After a comprehensive Goan press survey, the choice of a special issue of O Anglo-Lusitano to present as historical foundation in this study was due to the fact that owing to its broad spectrum of cultural and political participation, it served as medium for ascertaining the existence of a crossroad of visions of the imperial whole, in the construction of intellectual networks of opposition and resistance, both from Goa and exile, enunciating the end of the Portuguese empire.

scholarly journals Editorial: Between Hope and Hype: Critical evaluations of technology’s role in anti-trafficking

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jennifer Musto ◽  
Mitali Thakor ◽  
Borislav Gerasimov
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Political Will ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adult Services ◽  
Use Of Social Media

Over the past decade, scholars, activists, and policymakers have repeatedly called for an examination of the role of technology as a contributing force to human trafficking and exploitation. Attention has focused on a range of issues from adult services websites and the use of social media to recruit victims and facilitate trafficking to the utilisation of data analytics software to understand trafficking and identify ‘hotspots of risk’. This article introduces the Special Issue of Anti-Trafficking Review devoted to the role of technology in (anti-)trafficking. It outlines the main assumptions and critiques some of the proposed ‘solutions’ in the field and presents briefly the articles included in the issue. It concludes that the factors that enable and sustain human trafficking are varied and complex and require political will – not tech solutionist fixes.

scholarly journals Language evolution research in the year 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26
Author(s):  
Jonas Nölle ◽  
Stefan Hartmann ◽  
Peeter Tinits
Keyword(s):  
Language Evolution ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Integrative View ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Introductory Paper ◽  
Key Questions

Abstract This introductory paper reviews recent advances in language evolution research and summarizes the contributions of the special issue “New Directions in Language Evolution Research” in the broader context of these developments. Specifically, we discuss the increasing role of multimodality and iconicity, the more integrative view of language dynamics that has arguably broadened the scope of language evolution research, and recent methodological innovations that allow for a more fine-grained study of e.g. typological distributions or behavioral patterns that can give clues to some of the key questions discussed in the field.

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