Theories of Corruption “Public Choice-Extractive Theory” as Alternative for Combating Corruption

Author(s):  
Olusola Joshua Olujobi ◽  
Oluwatosin Michael Olujobi

Corruption is a recurrent decimal in Nigeria's upstream petroleum sector due to weak enforcement of anti-corruption and transparency laws. This sector is considered corrupt due to the rampant mismanagement of petroleum resources. The article analyses rent-seeking, public choice and extractive theories of corruption among others due to their impacts in combating corruption. It also queries other anti-corruption models that are relevant to this study to promote transparency and to strengthen national anti-corruption laws for combating corruption in the Nigeria's upstream petroleum sector. The study is a doctrinal legal research that adopts a point-by-point comparative approach with library research method. The study proposed a hybrid theory of corruption titled “Public Choice-Extractive Theory of Corruption” as an alternative perspective that will effectively combat corruption in the sector. In conclusion, the study finds that corruption strives on the weak enforcement of anti-corruption laws and lack of political will in providing effective regulatory intervention. The study recommends among other reforms, soft law approach and strict enforcement of anti-corruption laws for transparency in the upstream petroleum sector in Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Candra Irawan ◽  
Adi Bastian ◽  
Febrozi Rohadi

Currently in Indonesia Islamic Bank has gained a place and interested in the community, causing many emerging Syari'ah Bank and Financial Institutions of the syari'ah, and products in Islamic banks are widely used is murabahah financing. The formulation of the problem in this research are: (1). How is the implementation of the sale and purchase through murabahah financing between Bank Muamalat Harkat with customers. (2). Is trading system murabahah financing between Bank Muamalat Harkat and customers have been according to the principles of Syari’ah. (3). How murabahah financing efforts to resolve the breach between the customer and Muamalat Harkat. This research method is empirical legal research, this study was conducted in Bank Muamalat Harkat based data collection through field research such as interviews, observation and description as well as information from respondents through library research. The results of this research are: before an agreement Bank to assess carefully the prospective customer in the form of a comprehensive analysis and is divided into several stages, such as the assessment using the principle of 5C Character (Character of the debitor), Chapacity (Capability Candidate Debitor) , Capital (Capital candidate Debitor), Collateral (Collateral candidate Debitor) and Condition of economy (economic condition of the prospective Borrower). Trading system murabahah financing between Bank Muamalat Harkat with the customer has not fully based on the principles of the Syari'ah. Murabahah financing efforts to resolve the defaults can be solved by R3 is Restrukturing (Arrangement Back), Reconditioning (Terms Back) and Rescheduling (rescheduling), sales collateral and auction execution. 


Acta Comitas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Bagus Gede Ari Rama Bagus Gede Ari Rama ◽  
Ni Ketut Supasti Dharmawan

Audiobook access for people with disabilities is very important. Access is the convenience that people get from a service. This study aims to analyze the legal certainty and legal protection of audiobook copyright access for blind people with disabilities. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory approach and comparative approach. This research found that access to audiobooks' works has been regulated in the Marrakech Treaty, Copyright Act Number 28 of 2014 and Government Regulation Number 27 of 2019. Akses karya cipta audiobook bagi disabilitas sangat penting. Aksesibilitas merupakan kemudahan yang didapat oleh orang terhadap suatu layanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepastian hukum serta perlindungan hukum akses karya cipta audiobook bagi disabilitas tuna netra. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan komparatif. Dalam penelitian ini menemukan bahwa akses karya cipta audiobook telah diatur dalam Traktat Marrakesh, UUHC 2014 serta Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 27 Tahun 2019.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Agsel Awanisa ◽  
Yusdianto Yusdianto ◽  
Siti Khoiriah

The purpose of this research is to determine the constitutional complaint mechanism based on comparisons in other countries, practices, and adaptation of constitutional complaints under the authority of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia. Many cases with constitutional complaint substance have been submitted to the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia even though they don’t have this authority. This research uses a normative legal research method using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, a comparative approach, and a case approach. This research indicates that the constitutional complaint mechanism in Germany, South Korea, and South Africa has been well implemented. In practice, cases with constitutional complaint substance are filed to the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia by changing the form by using the legal means of a judicial review, such as case number 16/PUU-VI/ 2008, case number 140/PUU-XIII/2015 and case number 102/PUU-VII/2009. Due to the consideration of the structure, substance, and culture of law, adaptation of constitutional complaint within the authority of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia needs to be carried out by amending Law Number 24 of 2003 jo. Law Number 7 of 2020 concerning the Constitutional Court.


2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mohd Din ◽  
Ida Keumala Jeumpa ◽  
Nursiti Nursiti

This research aimed to study how the party`s accountability for offences committed by legislative candidates. What action that taken by a party of electoral violations and whether the party can be charged for. In the doctrine of Criminal Law known by criminal responsibility related to offenders, and in progress subject to criminal law, not only individual but institution or agency or corporation/firms. So, they should be responsible for it. It was a normative legal research, studying the principles of law related to criminal responsibility. Collecting data were done by two stages that were literature and field research. The first aimed to obtain secondary data namely, law material ;primary, secondary and tertiary. And then, the second, collecting data with an in-depth interview with certain key informant. It used a qualitative method.The result showed that party never asked for their responsibility related to offences by legislative candidates who committed election crime because the act did not rule it. The party had not take action associated with offences were done by them. Politic party as cooperation/firms ideally should take account to candidates who conducted the crime. It was a necessary regulation that managed its accountability as in cooperation. Besides, the party should give politics education and strict sanctions to them who did despicable manners. Key words: accountability, party, election of criminal act, legislative ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengkaji bagaimana pertanggungjawaban partai terhadap pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh Calon Anggota Legislatif, Apa tindakan yang diambil oleh partai terhadap pelanggaran pemilu yang dilakukan oleh Calon Anggota  Legislatif dan apakah  partai dapat dipersalahkan terhadap pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh Calon Anggota legislatif. Hal ini dilatarbelakangi oleh karena di dalam doktrin hukum pidana dikenal adanya pertanggungjawaban pidana yang dikaitkan dengan pelaku, dan dalam perkembangannya subyek hukum pidana bukan hanya orang perorangan, malainkan juga suatu badan atau korporasi. Sehingga yang dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban adalah juga suatu badan atau korporasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif, yang mengkaji asas hukum yang terkait dengan pertanggungjawaban pidana, namun demikian diperlukan data lapangan sebagai pelengkap. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui dua tahap yaitu penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan. Penelitian Kepustakaan (library research), untuk memperoleh data sekunder  berupa bahan hukum; primer, sekunder dan tertier. Penelitian lapangan dilakukan dengan cara wawancara mendalam (deptintevew) dengan narasumber yang ditentukan. Data yang terkumpul baik dari hasil penelitian lapangan maupun dari penelitian kepustakaan dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Partai tidak pernah dimintai pertanggungjawaban sehubungan dengan pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh calon anggota legislatif yang melakukan tindak pidana Pemilu, karena Undang-undang  tidak mengatur pertanggungjawaban Partai terhadap tindak pidana yang dilakukan oleh calon anggota ligeslatif. Partai tidak pernah melakukan tindakan terkait dengan calon legislatif yang melakukan pelanggaran. Partai Politik sebagai Korporasi idealnya juga harus bertanggungjawab terhadap tindak pidana yang dilakukan oleh calon anggota legislatif. Diperlukan regulasi  yang mengatur pertanggungjawaban partai terhadap tindak pidana yang dilakukan oleh Calon anggota legislatif sebagaimana pertanggungjawaban dalam tindak pidana korporasi. Di samping itu, hendaknya partai melakukan pendidikan politik kepada anggotanya dan memberikan sanksi tegas kepada anggota partai politik yang merlakukan perbuatan yang tercela. Kata Kunci: Tindak pidana Pemilu


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-56
Author(s):  
Zulfikri Toguan

Legal protection for a mark of a place or origin of MSMEs can be done by first registering the mark to obtain legal force. In this case the Office/Agency/Community Organization assists by facilitating MSMEs in terms of socialization and assistance for trademark registration. Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Marks and Geographical Indications provides improvements to previous laws, especially regarding preventive protection measures, namely registration procedures and registration fees. Brands produced by Indonesian MSMEs can help increase competitiveness in the development of new products. This research is normative or library research method, namely legal research carried out by reviewing and researching library materials in the form of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. This study concludes: First, the problems in the protection of intellectual property rights in the field of branding for MSME products are due to the understanding of MSME actors on brand rights is still low/shallow so that MSME actors do not register the brand of MSME products. Second, efforts to provide brand protection to the MSME industry are by registering MSME brands and the government makes it easy for MSME industry players to register trademarks.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-235
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fikri Aufa ◽  
Wempy Setyabudi Hernowo ◽  
Dewi Nurul Musjtari

The development of Sharia Cooperatives in Indonesia has experienced a significant increase. Islamic cooperatives are one of the alternatives for some members who will build cooperatives based on several sharia principles. The establishment of sharia cooperatives has encountered conflicts, which are not only in Law Number 25 of 1992 on Cooperatives but are also regulated in Law Number 1 of 2013 concerning Micro Financial Institutions. The formulation of the problem of this research is to find legal clarity in the registration and establishment of a sharia cooperative legal body. The research system used in reviewing the registration and establishment of the legal body of Islamic cooperatives uses normative legal research, which is called library research. From the results of this research, the establishment of a sharia cooperative legal body still refers to Law Number 25 of 1992 concerning Cooperatives as replaced by Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. This is because the Microfinance Institution Law only states that the cooperative is a form of MFI legal entity and does not control in detail the cooperative. This system uses statutory provisions as special legal material and is supported by secondary legal materials in the form of books and journal articles.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-287
Author(s):  
Dewi Iriani ◽  
Arif Budiono ◽  
St. Hadijah Wahid

ABSTRAK: Filsafat pancasila bersemboyan pada Bineka Tunggal Ika (berbeda-beda tetap satu), namun sangat disayangkan begitu indahnya makna dan arti dari Pancasila dan Bineka Tunggal Ika. Menlunturnya makna tersebut telah lah luntur maknanya, dikarenaka banyaknya kasus-kasus kekerasan oleh oknum pelajar sekolah dan mahasiswa yang melakukan kriminalitas klitih, bully, narkoba, terorisme, ausila. artikel ini akan mengangkat kajian Intergarasi Filsafat Pancasila dan Binekatunggal Ika Dalam Penanggulangan Kejahatan Kriminalitas Pelajar Dan Mahasiswa. Maka permasalahan yang diangkat 1) Bagaimana intergrasi filsafat Pancasila dan Bineka Tunggal Ika dikalangan pelajar dan mahasiswa? 2) Bagaiman cara Penanggulangan Kriminalitas oleh Pelajar dan Mahasiswa? Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum (legal research) merupakan penelitian hukum dengan empat pendekatan yaitu pendekatan peraturan perundang – undangan (statutory approach) yakni Pendekatan kasus (case approach) pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach) dengan kasus bully, kasus terorisme, kasus narkoba, kasus asusila, kasus klitih.d dengan pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach) dengan membandingkan anatara teori hukum, hukum pidana, sistem peradilan anak, filsafat pancasila dan Bineka Tunggal Ika sebagai  pisau analisisnya  Hasil yang diperoleh 1) Menerapkan nilai nilai pancasila Bineka Tunggal Ika berdasarkan Ketuhanan yang Maha Esa, Kemanusiaan yang adil dan beradab, persatuan Indonesia, kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan dalam permusyawaratan / perwakilan, Persatuan Indonesia dalam prilaku kehidupan sehari-hari.Menghidupkan kembali dengan menganti mata kuliah atau mata pelajaran (PKN) Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan dengan mata pelajaran / mata kuliah (PMP) tingkat playgrup sampai perguruan tinggi. Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) terkait tindak penganiayaan. 2) Jika pelakunya adalah mahasiswa yang sudah dewasa maka akan dikenakan sesuai dengan KUHP dan undang-undnag yang berlaku, namun jika pelakuknya masih dibawah umur Perundang-undangan tersebut menjadi lex specialis (kekhususan) tindakan yang terjadi karena para pelaku masih di bawah umur. Perlunya kerjasama antara kampus dan sekolah dengan pemerintah, psikologi, kepolisan


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Karlina Lina Apriani ◽  
Ahmad Raji Hidayat ◽  
Rato Eko Hendriyadi ◽  
Wahyu Hamdani ◽  
Surawijaya Surawijaya

The purpose of this research is to examine the politics of criminal law deeply in eradicating criminal law of corruption through an integrative approach. The method usingis normative legal research. Normative legal research methods or library research methods in legal research by reviewing existing legal materials. The integrative approach in overcoming corruption crime can be made integrally through two approaches, namely first, awareness between criminal politics and social politics directed to achieve particular objectives of the socio-political policies that have been set in order to achieve social welfare. Second, integration of efforts to tackle crime with penal and non-penal approach due to the reality of national law and the political facts of international law for enforcement on a national, regional, and global scale.


Author(s):  
I Nengah Ardika

Law of inheritance under Balinese customary law has made daughters as heirs. This is a fundamental change in view of Balinese customary law is more concerned with the male lineage. In this study addressed two issues namely 1) What is the basic consideration of granting inheritance rights for girls in Bali? 2) Does the inheritance under customary law Bali already reflect justice?. This study uses normative legal research, that examines the conflict of norms between Decision The Assembly General MUDP Bali No. 01 / KEP / PSM-3 / MDP Bali / X / 2010, Decision of Supremen Court regarding heirs of men and women in customary law system similarly, patriarchy. Legal materials collected through library research. The analysis is conducted qualitatively. Philosophically, granting inheritance rights to daughters in Bali reflects substantive justice. Legally granting inheritance rights in accordance reflect gender equality. Sociologically, the equality between men and women is in conformity with the times. Inheritance under customary law Bali already reflect justice. The Assembly decision MUDP Bali Agung No. 01 / KEP / PSM-3 / MDP Bali / X / 2010 is a product of gender responsive laws. Hukum waris menurut hukum adat Bali telah membuat anak perempuan sebagai ahli waris. Hal ini adalah perubahan mendasar dalam hukum adat Bali yang lebih memperhatikan garis keturunan laki-laki. Dalam penelitian ini dibahas dua permasalahan  yaitu 1) Bagaimanakah dasar pertimbangan pemberian hak waris bagi anak perempuan di Bali?dan 2) Apakah pembagian warisan menurut hukum adat Bali sudah mencerminkan keadilan? Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif, yang meneliti mengenai konflik norma antara Keputusan Majelis Umum MUDP Bali Nomor 01 / KEP / PSM-3 / MDP Bali / X / 2010, Keputusan Pengadilan tentang ahli waris laki-laki dan perempuan dalam hukum adat sistem patriarki. Bahan hukum dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif. Secara filosofis, pemberian hak waris untuk anak perempuan di Bali mencerminkan keadilan substantif. Secara hukum, pemberian hak waris mencerminkan kesetaraan gender. Secara sosiologis, kesetaraan antara laki-laki dan perempuan sudah sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman. Warisan menurut hukum adat Bali sudah mencerminkan keadilan. Keputusan Majelis MUDP Bali Agung Nomor 01 / KEP / PSM-3 / MDP Bali / X / 2010 adalah produk gender hukum responsif.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Bayu Brahmantya

This research is entitled "Misappropriation of Establishment Objectives of Supporting Business Activities by Foundation Institutions in Foundation Law Perspectives." The background of this research is the opportunity to misuse Foundation institutions that can occur because the Foundation can carry out business activities to achieve the aims and objectives of establishing the Foundation with how to set up a business entity or participate in a business entity. Article 5 of the Foundation Law stipulates that the wealth of the Foundation, including the proceeds of the Foundation's business activities, is the full wealth of the Foundation to be used to achieve the aims and objectives of the Foundation. Criminal provisions against violations of the Article are regulated in Article 70 of the Foundation Law, for those who violate the provisions of imprisonment for a maximum of 5 (five) years and are obliged to return it. Article 6 of the Foundation Law is used as a shield against the prohibition. This study focuses on two legal issues, namely, how is the Foundation's business activities to obtain profits as capital in managing the Foundation according to the Foundation Law? And what about sanctions for misappropriation of a Foundation's business activities according to the Foundation Law? The research method used in analyzing legal issues in this study is the normative legal research method. This normative legal research is carried out using the statutory approach, the historical approach to the comparative approach. Based on the analysis, it is known that the Foundation Law uses the method of prevention by including provisions that do not allow or at least, complicating the misuse of the foundation by the organs of the Foundation. However, in the Foundation Law there is a legal obscurity that affects the attitude and quantity of non-compliance and has a real effect on legal behavior, including the behavior of lawbreakers. Keywords: Foundation, Criminal, Business Entity, Misappropriation.


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