Implementing Long-Term Climate Policy: Time Inconsistency, Domestic Politics, International Anarchy

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Hovi ◽  
Detlef F. Sprinz ◽  
Arild Underdal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Time Inconsistency ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Policy Problem ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Commitment Problems ◽  
Over Time

As a quintessential long-term policy problem, climate change poses two major challenges. The first is to develop, under considerable uncertainty, a plan for allocating resources over time to achieve an effective policy response. The second is to implement this plan, once arrived at, consistently over time. We consider the second of these two challenges, arguing that it consists of three interrelated, commitment problems—the time inconsistency problem, the domestic politics problem, and the anarchy problem. We discuss each of these commitment problems in some detail, explore how they relate to climate policy, and suggest institutional designs that may help limit their adverse impact. While each of these commitment problems is difficult to tackle on its own, climate change requires us to cope with all of them at once. This is likely one major reason why we have so far made only modest headway on this vital issue.

Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate: Blockade or Impe- tus for the International Climate Regime?

elni Review ◽  
2007 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Christoph Holtwisch
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Climate Regime ◽  
International Climate Policy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
International Climate

The Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate [APP or AP6] is a very new phenomenon in international climate policy. It has important effects on the traditional climate regime formed by the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change [FCCC] and its Kyoto Protocol [KP]. From its own point of view, the APP is a grouping of key nations to address serious and long-term challenges, including anthropogenic climate change. The APP partners - Australia, China, India, Japan, South Korea and the USA - represent roughly half the world economy and population, energy consumption and global greenhouse gas emissions. For this reason, this “coalition of the emitting” is – and will be – a central factor in international climate policy.

scholarly journals A Review of Factors to Consider for Permanent Cordon Establishment and Maintenance

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1811
Author(s):  
Patrick O’Brien ◽  
Roberta De Bei ◽  
Mark Sosnowski ◽  
Cassandra Collins
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Normal Flow ◽  
Training Techniques ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Over Time

Decisions made during the establishment and reworking of permanent cordon arms may have long-term consequences on vineyard health and longevity. This review aims to summarise several of the important considerations that must be taken into account during cordon establishment and maintenance. Commonly practiced cordon training techniques such as wrapping developing arms tightly around the cordon wire may result in a constriction of the vascular system, becoming worse over time and disrupting the normal flow of water and nutrients. Studies have shown that other factors of cordon decline such as the onset of vascular diseases may be influenced by pre-existing stress conditions. Such conditions could be further exacerbated by water and heat stress events, an important consideration as these scenarios become more common under the influence of climate change. Vineyard sustainability may be improved by adopting cordon training techniques which promote long-term vitality and avoid a reduction in vine defence response and the costly, premature reworking of vines.

6. Taking time

2017 ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
Michelle Baddeley
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Mental Accounting ◽  
Time Inconsistency ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Present Bias ◽  
Life Cycle Models ◽  
Over Time

Often our everyday decisions unfold over time and what we want today is not always consistent with what we might want tomorrow. Understanding why many people do not behave in a way that is consistent with their own long-term best interests is a key challenge for behavioural economists and policy-makers. ‘Taking time’ explains how humans (and animals) suffer from present bias: we have a disproportionate preference for smaller, immediate rewards over delayed, larger rewards—a reflection of underlying time inconsistency. It considers the intertemporal tussle between our patient and impatient selves, pre-commitment strategies, and self-control. The behavioural life cycle models of choice bracketing, framing, and mental accounting are also discussed.

It Takes Two to Tango

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley J. Swedlund
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Delivery Mechanism ◽  
Donor Agencies ◽  
Commitment Problems ◽  
Aid Policy ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 2 outlines the theoretical arguments of the book. The chapter first provides a theoretical framework for understanding aid policy bargaining between donor agencies and recipient governments. Then, drawing on theories of institutional economics, the chapter articulates how commitment problems in foreign aid are theorized to influence choices in aid delivery and the sustainability of aid delivery mechanisms over time. The chapter argues that the sustainability of a aid delivery mechanism depends on its ability to incentivize both donors and recipients to uphold their commitments over the long term.

scholarly journals Climate change benchmarking: Constructing a sustainable future?

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 969-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAROLINE KUZEMKO
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Sustainable Change ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Sustainable Future ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThis article analyses discourses on climate change and mitigation through the deconstruction of European Union (EU) rhetoric and practices on climate benchmarking. It critically examines the motivations behind climate benchmarking, the methods used to construct international benchmarks, and the reasons for variety in domestic compliance. Germany and the United Kingdom are analysed as cases where domestic politics drive very different reactions to the practice of climate mitigation, differences that have been largely hidden by the type of quantification that EU benchmarking involves. Through an exploration of the methods used to formulate climate benchmarks, the article demonstrates that these commitments have privileged certain responses over others, and thus helped to paint a picture of EU benchmarks as ‘reformist’ but not ‘radical’. EU climate benchmarks often end up concealing more than they reveal, making it difficult to fully engage with the scale and complexity of the far-reaching domestic changes that are required in order to comply with agreed international benchmarks. The deficiencies of benchmarks as a mechanism for driving long-term sustainable change, and importantly discouraging harmful policies, may ultimately undermine their credibility as a means for governing climate change at a distance in the EU.

scholarly journals Alternative carbon price trajectories can avoid excessive carbon removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Strefler ◽  
Elmar Kriegler ◽  
Nico Bauer ◽  
Gunnar Luderer ◽  
Robert C. Pietzcker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Carbon Prices ◽  
Change Mitigation ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe large majority of climate change mitigation scenarios that hold warming below 2 °C show high deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR), resulting in a peak-and-decline behavior in global temperature. This is driven by the assumption of an exponentially increasing carbon price trajectory which is perceived to be economically optimal for meeting a carbon budget. However, this optimality relies on the assumption that a finite carbon budget associated with a temperature target is filled up steadily over time. The availability of net carbon removals invalidates this assumption and therefore a different carbon price trajectory should be chosen. We show how the optimal carbon price path for remaining well below 2 °C limits CDR demand and analyze requirements for constructing alternatives, which may be easier to implement in reality. We show that warming can be held at well below 2 °C at much lower long-term economic effort and lower CDR deployment and therefore lower risks if carbon prices are high enough in the beginning to ensure target compliance, but increase at a lower rate after carbon neutrality has been reached.

scholarly journals Institutions, Climate Change, and the Foundations of Long-term Policymaking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared J. Finnegan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Interest Group ◽  
Electoral Rules ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Climate Politics ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Policy Problems

Many policy problems require taking costly action today for future benefits. Examining the case of climate change, this paper examines how two institutions, electoral rules and interest group intermediation, structure distributional politics, and as a result drive variation in climate “policy investments” across the high-income democracies. Proportional electoral rules increase electoral safety, allowing politicians to impose short-term costs on voters. Concertation between industry and the state enables governments to compensate losers, defusing organized opposition to policy change. Moreover, the joint presence of both institutions generates complementarities that reinforce their independent effects, pushing countries onto different climate politics trajectories. Newly available data on climate policy stringency provides support for the arguments. Countries with PR and interest group concertation have the highest levels of policy stringency and distribute higher costs toward consumers. The analysis points to causal mechanisms that should structure responses to a more general set of long-term challenges.

scholarly journals India and Climate Change: Evolving Ideas and Increasing Policy Engagement

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 395-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navroz K. Dubash ◽  
Radhika Khosla ◽  
Ulka Kelkar ◽  
Sharachchandra Lele
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Global Context ◽  
International Policies ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Interactive Relationship ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Over Time

India is a significant player in climate policy and politics. It has been vocal in international climate negotiations, but its role in these negotiations has changed over time. In an interactive relationship between domestic policy and international positions, India has increasingly become a testing ground for policies that internalize climate considerations into development. This article critically reviews the arc of climate policy and politics in India over time. It begins by examining changes in knowledge and ideas around climate change in India, particularly in the areas of ethics, climate impacts, India's energy transition, linkages with sustainability, and sequestration. The next section examines changes in politics, policy, and governance at both international and national scales. The article argues that shifts in ideas and knowledge of impacts, costs, and benefits of climate action and shifts in the global context are reflected and refracted through discourses in India's domestic and international policies.

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