scholarly journals New Prospects for Information Theory in Arts Research

Leonardo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-280
Author(s):  
Alan Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Similarity Measure ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Normalized Compression Distance ◽  
Art Forms ◽  
Potential Success

Information Theory provoked the interest of arts researchers from its inception in the mid-twentieth century but failed to produce the expected impact, partly because the data and computing systems required were not available. With the modern availability of data from public collections and sophisticated software, there is renewed interest in Information Theory. Successful application in the analysis of music implies potential success in other art forms also. The author gives an illustrative example, applying the Information-Theoretic similarity measure normalized compression distance with the aim of ranking paintings in a large collection by their conventionality.

scholarly journals Area Entropy and Quantized Mass of Black Holes from Information Theory

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 858
Author(s):  
Dongshan He ◽  
Qingyu Cai
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Black Hole Entropy ◽  
Quantum Corrections ◽  
Compton Wavelength ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Curved Space ◽  
Thermodynamic Entropy ◽  
Hole Area ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, we present a derivation of the black hole area entropy with the relationship between entropy and information. The curved space of a black hole allows objects to be imaged in the same way as camera lenses. The maximal information that a black hole can gain is limited by both the Compton wavelength of the object and the diameter of the black hole. When an object falls into a black hole, its information disappears due to the no-hair theorem, and the entropy of the black hole increases correspondingly. The area entropy of a black hole can thus be obtained, which indicates that the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy is information entropy rather than thermodynamic entropy. The quantum corrections of black hole entropy are also obtained according to the limit of Compton wavelength of the captured particles, which makes the mass of a black hole naturally quantized. Our work provides an information-theoretic perspective for understanding the nature of black hole entropy.

scholarly journals What’s Worth Talking About? Information Theory Reveals How Children Balance Informativeness and Ease of Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 954-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Bannard ◽  
Marla Rosner ◽  
Danielle Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Initial Experiment ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Information Theoretic Measures

Of all the things a person could say in a given situation, what determines what is worth saying? Greenfield’s principle of informativeness states that right from the onset of language, humans selectively comment on whatever they find unexpected. In this article, we quantify this tendency using information-theoretic measures and report on a study in which we tested the counterintuitive prediction that children will produce words that have a low frequency given the context, because these will be most informative. Using corpora of child-directed speech, we identified adjectives that varied in how informative (i.e., unexpected) they were given the noun they modified. In an initial experiment ( N = 31) and in a replication ( N = 13), 3-year-olds heard an experimenter use these adjectives to describe pictures. The children’s task was then to describe the pictures to another person. As the information content of the experimenter’s adjective increased, so did children’s tendency to comment on the feature that adjective had encoded. Furthermore, our analyses suggest that children balance informativeness with a competing drive to ease production.

Applications of Formalized Information Theory

2015 ◽  
pp. 159-178
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Data Compression ◽  
Theorem Proving ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

In previous chapters, the authors provided a comprehensive framework that can be used in the formal probabilistic and information-theoretic analysis of a wide range of systems and protocols. In this chapter, they illustrate the usefulness of conducting this analysis using theorem proving by tackling a number of applications including a data compression application, the formal analysis of an anonymity-based MIX channel, and the properties of the onetime pad encryption system.

Theorizing Adaptation in the Twentieth Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-138
Author(s):  
Kamilla Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Film Studies ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Medium Specificity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Copyright Laws ◽  
Art Forms ◽  
Cultural Forms ◽  
Literature And Film

Chapter 3 discusses how, just as new copyright laws were legitimizing intermedial adaptations, modernist theories drastically diminished the theoretical fortunes of adaptation with their rejection of the past and celebration of the new. Modernism shattered adaptation into allusions: studying allusions as adaptations would indubitably help to restore the theoretical fortunes of adaptation under modernism. Modernism’s hostility to mass culture was often aimed at adaptation: even theorists valorizing other popular cultural forms opposed it. Requiring film to dissociate from other art forms in order to emerge as an art in its own right, rather than as a craft or a recording device for other arts, medium specificity theory undermined adaptation in literature-and-film studies. Affecting all kinds of adaptation, the formalist turn diminished the theoretical fortunes of adaptation by rejecting the cultural theories that had valorized adaptation in prior centuries. Joined to medium specificity theories and structuralist semiotics, intermedial adaptation became not only aesthetically undesirable but also theoretically impossible under theories that content cannot separate from form to appear in another medium. With the advent of the theoretical turn in the humanities, adaptation became a battleground upon which theoretical wars were fought, battles that, paradoxically, foregrounded it. By the 1990s, adaptation was becoming an established, if divided, diasporic field, engaging a panoply of theories.

scholarly journals An Information-Theoretic Analysis of Flexible Efficient Cognition for Persistent Sustainable Production

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Stephen Fox ◽  
Adrian Kotelba
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Sustainable Production ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Brain Entropy

Amidst certainty, efficiency can improve sustainability by reducing resource consumption. However, flexibility is needed to be able to survive when uncertainty increases. Apropos, sustainable production cannot persist in the long-term without having both flexibility and efficiency. Referring to cognitive science to inform the development of production systems is well established. However, recent research in cognitive science encompassing flexibility and efficiency in brain functioning have not been considered previously. In particular, research by others that encompasses information (I), information entropy (H), relative entropy (D), transfer entropy (TE), and brain entropy. By contrast, in this paper, flexibility and efficiency for persistent sustainable production is analyzed in relation to these information theory applications in cognitive science and is quantified in terms of information. Thus, this paper is consistent with the established practice of referring to cognitive science to inform the development of production systems. However, it is novel in addressing the need to combine flexibility and efficiency for persistent sustainability in terms of cognitive functioning as modelled with information theory.

scholarly journals Quantifying Information Content in Multispectral Remote-Sensing Images Based on Image Transforms and Geostatistical Modelling

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 880
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Jingxiong Zhang ◽  
Wenjing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Information Theory ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Spectral Dependence ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Multispectral Images ◽  
Remote Sensing Images ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Information Processes

Quantifying information content in remote-sensing images is fundamental for information-theoretic characterization of remote sensing information processes, with the images being usually information sources. Information-theoretic methods, being complementary to conventional statistical methods, enable images and their derivatives to be described and analyzed in terms of information as defined in information theory rather than data per se. However, accurately quantifying images’ information content is nontrivial, as information redundancy due to spectral and spatial dependence needs to be properly handled. There has been little systematic research on this, hampering wide applications of information theory. This paper seeks to fill this important research niche by proposing a strategy for quantifying information content in multispectral images based on information theory, geostatistics, and image transformations, by which interband spectral dependence, intraband spatial dependence, and additive noise inherent to multispectral images are effectively dealt with. Specifically, to handle spectral dependence, independent component analysis (ICA) is performed to transform a multispectral image into one with statistically independent image bands (not spectral bands of the original image). The ICA-transformed image is further normal-transformed to facilitate computation of information content based on entropy formulas for Gaussian distributions. Normal transform facilitates straightforward incorporation of spatial dependence in entropy computation for the aforementioned double-transformed image bands with inter-pixel spatial correlation modeled via variograms. Experiments were undertaken using Landsat ETM+ and TM image subsets featuring different dominant land cover types (i.e., built-up, agricultural, and hilly). The experimental results confirm that the proposed methods provide more objective estimates of information content than otherwise when spectral dependence, spatial dependence, or non-normality is not accommodated properly. The differences in information content between image subsets obtained with ETM+ and TM were found to be about 3.6 bits/pixel, indicating the former’s greater information content. The proposed methods can be adapted for information-theoretic analyses of remote sensing information processes.

scholarly journals REALISMO, STRUTTURA, INFORMAZIONE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Mariani
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Quantum Information ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Quantum Information Theory ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Standard Object ◽  
The Common ◽  
Informational Realism ◽  
Information Theoretic Approach

In recent years, many scholars (Ladyman & Ross [39]; Floridi [25]; Bynum [9]) have been discussing the possibility of an ‘informational’ realism. The common idea behind these projects is that of taking the notion of ‘information’ as the central concept of both our scientific practice and our ontology. At the same time, many experts in Quantum Information Theory (Lloyd [40]; Vedral [53]; Chiribella, D’Ariano & Perinotti [14]) have developed the idea that it is possible to ground all our physical theories by following an information-theoretic approach. In what follows, I aim at showing that it is still not at all clear what does it mean to be an ‘informational realist’. Consequently, I show the reasons why I believe is misleading to talk about informational realism as something that could actually supersede the most common forms of realism, namely the standard ‘object oriented’ and the structural ones. Finally, I suggest that the only plausible way to define informational realism, and thus, more generally, to take a realist attitudine towards Quantum Information Theory, is that of assuming an epistemic and moderate structural position.

scholarly journals The Clothing of a Georgian Banker, Thomas Coutts: A Story of Museum Dispersal

Costume ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Victoria And Albert Museum

In the early years of the twentieth century, the surviving wardrobe of the Georgian banke r Thomas Coutts (1735–1822) was donated to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. This large collection of clothing was subsequently parcelled up and dispersed to museums around Britain and North America. This essay gives an account of this process and attempts to provide a description of Coutts’ late wardrobe, discusses how it relates to his life and times and re-unites on paper, at least, the surviving strands of the original collection. The essay also presents details of the cut and construction of some of these clothes, through descriptions, photography and annotated cutting diagrams.

Modernism and Irish Theatre 1900–1940

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Cave
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Irish Theatre ◽  
Sean O'casey ◽  
Art Forms ◽  
Key Features

Modernism, defined here initially in its key features across the art forms, was a strong countercurrent to the dominant style of realism in Irish theatre in the first decades of the twentieth century. This is particularly evident in the dance dramas of W. B. Yeats and his other experiments with non-realist dramatic forms. Séan O’Casey, in his controversial playThe Silver Tassieand later works, drew on the bold techniques of expressionism. Denis Johnston, who emerged as a playwright from the 1920s Dublin Drama League, gave the Gate Theatre one of its key early successes inThe Old Lady Says No!. And it was in the Gate, with Hilton Edwards as director and Michéal Mac Liammóir as designer and actor, that Irish audiences were exposed to the internationally influential style of presentational staging.

An Information-Theoretic Analysis on the Interactions of Variables in Combinatorial Optimization Problems

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Il Seo ◽  
Byung-Ro Moon
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Combinatorial Optimization ◽  
Evolutionary Algorithms ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Combinatorial Optimization Problems ◽  
Theoretical Results

In optimization problems, the contribution of a variable to fitness often depends on the states of other variables. This phenomenon is referred to as epistasis or linkage. In this paper, we show that a new theory of epistasis can be established on the basis of Shannon's information theory. From this, we derive a new epistasis measure called entropic epistasis and some theoretical results. We also provide experimental results verifying the measure and showing how it can be used for designing efficient evolutionary algorithms.

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